Download or read book Meteorologies of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the consequences of atmospheric dynamics for observations of substellar mass objects (SMOs). Discussed first is the growth of cloud particles of various compositions in brown dwarfs of different surface gravities and effective temperatures. The structure of these objects is calculated with a one-dimensional radiative transfer model. To determine particle sizes, the timescales for microphysical growth processes, including nucleation, coagulation, and coalescence, are compared to the timescale for gravitational sedimentation. The model also allows for sustained uplifting of condensable vapor in convective regions. The results show that particle sizes vary greatly over the range of objects studied. In most cases, clouds on brown dwarfs do not dominate the opacity. Rather, they smooth the emergent spectrum and partially redistribute the radiative energy. The focus then shifts to extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). Results are presented from a three-dimensional model of atmospheric dynamics on the transiting Jupiter-like planet HD 209458b. As a close-in orbiter (known as a r̀̀oaster''), HD 209458b is super-heated on its dayside. Due to tidal locking of the interior, the dayside hemisphere faces the star in perpetuity, which leads to very different dynamics than is seen on Jupiter. The flow is characterized by an eastward supersonic jet (u ̃4 km/s) extending from the equator to the mid-latitudes. Temperature contrasts are 5̃00 K at the photosphere. At 220 mbar, winds blow the hottest regions downstream from the substellar point by 60 degrees, with direct implications for the infrared light curve. These simulations are extended to the study of carbon chemistry in HD 209458b's atmosphere by coupling the CO/CH4 reaction kinetics to the dynamics. Disequilibrium results from slow reaction rates at low temperatures and pressures. Effective vertical quenching near the 3 bar level leads to uniformly high concentrations ofCO at the photosphere, even in cool regions where CH4 is strongly favored thermodynamically. Observations are underway to detect these signatures of meteorology on HD 209458b and similar planets.
Download or read book Solar System Astrophysics written by Eugene F. Milone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the field of solar system astrophysics beginning with basic tools of spherical astronomy and coordinate frames and celestial mechanics. It therefore presents equations and derivations starting from a level that permits one to see the underlying physical ideas. An up-to-date overview on all essential topics is presented, but is concise where possible. The text is based on extensive experience in the classroom and its contents have been field-tested by students for years. The material has been updated in the last few months to take advantage of the newer discoveries of the Mars Rover and the Saturn Cassini missions.
Download or read book Extrasolar Planets written by Hans Deeg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2007 volume presents the lectures from the sixteenth Winter School of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, which was dedicated to extrasolar planets. Research into extrasolar planets is one of the most exciting fields of astrophysics, and the past decade has seen a research leap from speculations on the existence of planets orbiting other stars to the discovery of around 200 planets to date. The book covers a wide range of issues, from the state-of-the-art observational techniques used to detect extrasolar planets, to the characterizations of these planets, and the techniques used in the remote detection of life. It also looks at the insights we can gain from our own Solar System, and how we can apply them. The contributors, all of high-standing in the field, provide a balanced and varied introduction to extrasolar planets for research astronomers and graduate students, bridging theoretical developments and observational advances.
Download or read book Searching for Extrasolar Planets Brown Dwarfs and Dark Matter written by Joseph Angelo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics Volume 10 written by Tilman Spohn and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planets and Moons covers topics relating to the physics of the major planetary bodies in the solar system, starting with an introductory description of the solar system and collection of pertinent data, continuing with a discussion of the early history of the planets, and finishing with articles about planet dynamics, thermal evolution of planets and satellites, and descriptions of their magnetic fields and the processes that generate them. In addition to providing a review on the solid planets and the satellites, this volume addresses the interactions of solid surfaces and atmospheres as well as the roles of water and ice in shaping the surfaces of planetary bodies. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Astronomy Astrophysics written by P Murdin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 5610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a unique collaboration, Nature Publishing Group and Institute of Physics Publishing have published the most extensive and comprehensive reference work in astronomy and astrophysics. This unique resource covers the entire field of astronomy and astrophysics and this online version includes the full text of over 2,750 articles, plus sophisticated search and retrieval functionality and links to the primary literature. The Encyclopaedia's authority is assured by editorial and advisory boards drawn from the world's foremost astronomers and astrophysicists. This first class resource is an essential source of information for undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and seasoned professionals, as well as for committed amateurs, librarians and lay people wishing to consult the definitive astronomy and astrophysics reference work.
Download or read book Exoplanet Meteorology written by Abhijith Rajan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of exoplanet science has matured over the past two decades with over 3500 confirmed exoplanets. However, many fundamental questions regarding the composition, and formation mechanism remain unanswered. Atmospheres are a window into the properties of a planet, and spectroscopic studies can help resolve many of these questions. For the first part of my dissertation, I participated in two studies of the atmospheres of brown dwarfs to search for weather variations. To understand the evolution of weather on brown dwarfs we conducted a multi-epoch study monitoring four cool brown dwarfs to search for photometric variability. These cool brown dwarfs are predicted to have salt and sulfide clouds condensing in their upper atmosphere and we detected one high amplitude variable. Combining observations for all T5 and later brown dwarfs we note a possible correlation between variability and cloud opacity. For the second half of my thesis, I focused on characterizing the atmospheres of directly imaged exoplanets. In the first study Hubble Space Telescope data on HR8799, in wavelengths unobservable from the ground, provide constraints on the presence of clouds in the outer planets. Next, I present research done in collaboration with the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey (GPIES) team including an exploration of the instrument contrast against environmental parameters, and an examination of the environment of the planet in the HD 106906 system. By analyzing archival HST data and examining the near-infrared colors of HD 106906b, we conclude that the companion shows weak evidence of a circumplanetary dust disk or cloud. Finally, I measure the properties of the low mass directly imaged planet 51 Eridani b. We combined published J, H spectra with updated LP photometry, new K1, K2 spectra, and MS photometry. The new data confirms that the planet has redder than similar spectral type objects, which might be due to the planet still transitioning from to L-to-T. Model atmospheres indicate a cooler effective temperature best fit by a patchy cloud atmosphere making 51 Eri b an excellent candidate for future variability studies with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Download or read book Extrasolar Planets written by Jean-Philippe Beaulieu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling the Upper Atmosphere of Gas Giant Exoplanets Irradiated by Low Mass Stars written by Joshua Chadney and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis details the development of a new 1D ionospheric model to describe the upper atmospheres of extrasolar giant plants. The upper atmospheres of Hot Jupiters are subject to extreme radiation conditions that can result in rapid atmospheric escape. The composition and structure of these planets’ upper atmospheres are affected by high-energy emissions from the host star. The nature of these emissions depends on the stellar type and age, making them important factors in understanding the behaviour of exoplanetary atmospheres.
Download or read book Solar System Astrophysics written by Eugene F. Milone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It presents equations and derivations starting from a level that permits one to see the underlying physical ideas. There is no other book that does this on the market. The book presents an up-to-date overview on all essential topics but is concise where possible to keep it a practical resource for courses. The book is based on extensive experience in the class room. Its contents have been field-tested for years by students.
Download or read book A New Vision on Extrasolar Giant Planets Internal Structure and Evolution written by Jérémy Leconte and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection and characterization of extrasolar planets clearly appears as one of the main goals of observational astronomy for the coming years. Space and ground project are numerous, but theoretical studies aimed at analyzing and understanding available and future data are needed. During this thesis, I study various physical processes affecting the internal structure and evolution of both solar, and extrasolar giant planets. In particular I investigate : -the impact of the intense stellar irradiation received by a close in planet on its subsequent internal evolution. This allows me to quantify the radius anomaly of bloated Hot Jupiters and to constrain their internal composition. -the tidal and centrifugal distortion of a fluid planet. By using both analytical and numerical models, I show how non-sphericity of the planet affects transit measurements, yielding an underestimation of its radius. -how the presence of double-diffusive convection caused by a heavy elements gradient in the gaseous envelope of a planet can decrease the efficiency of its internal heat transport, and affect its structure and evolution. -the coupling between the orbital and the thermal evolution of a planet arising from the strong star-planet tidal interaction. Subsequently, I find that tidal heating alone is not a viable explanation for the observed radius anomaly of transiting planets. Through these different studies, I developed various analytical models and numerical codes that are both flexible and robust, and which now allow one to study the properties of new extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs as they are discovered.
Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Planetary Atmospheres written by Helmut Lammer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the author’s own work and results obtained by international teams he coordinated, this SpringerBrief offers a concise discussion of the origin and early evolution of atmospheres of terrestrial planets during the active phase of their host stars, as well as of the environmental conditions which are necessary in order for planets like the Earth to obtain N_2-rich atmospheres. Possible thermal and non-thermal atmospheric escape processes are discussed in a comparative way between the planets in the Solar System and exoplanets. Lastly, a hypothesis for how to test and study the discussed atmosphere evolution theories using future UV transit observations of terrestrial exoplanets within the orbits of dwarf stars is presented.
Download or read book Giant Planets of Our Solar System written by Patrick Irwin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current state of knowledge of the atmospheres of the giant gaseous planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The current theories of their formation are reviewed and their recently observed temperature, composition and cloud structures are contrasted and compared with simple thermodynamic, radiative transfer and dynamical models. The instruments and techniques that have been used to remotely measure their atmospheric properties are also reviewed, and the likely development of outer planet observations over the next two decades is outlined.
Download or read book Extrasolar Planets written by Rudolf Dvorak and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest, up-to-date resource for research on extrasolar planets covers formation, dynamics, atmospheres and detection. After a look at the formation of giant planets, the book goes on to discuss the formation and dynamics of planets in resonances, planets in double stars, atmospheres and habitable zones, detection via spectra and transits, and the history and prospects of ESPs as well as satellite projects. Edited by a renowned expert in solar system dynamics with chapters written by the leading experts in the method described -- from the US and Europe -- this is an ideal textbook for graduates, students in astronomy, and astronomers.
Download or read book From Giant Planets to Cool Stars written by Caitlin A. Griffith and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Contains papers from a June 1999 workshop addressing the emerging interdisciplinary field of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. Principal topics discussed are atmospheric structure and chemistry, dynamics, condensation, interior structure, and the evolution of extra-solar planets and brown dwarfs. Some specific topics include the nature and origin of low-mass companions to stars, discovering T dwarfs with 2MASS, the exotic atmospheres of substellar-mass objects, narrow-band near infrared photometry of brown dwarfs, and photochemistry in giant-planet atmospheres. Griffith is affiliated with Northern Arizona University. Marley is affiliated with New Mexico State University. Lacks a subject index. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Download or read book Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets PHD written by David Sudarsky and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saturn in the 21st Century written by Kevin H. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed overview of Saturn's formation, evolution and structure written by eminent planetary scientists involved in the Cassini Orbiter mission.
