Download or read book Metallic Multilayers and their Applications written by Gayanath Fernando and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin Metallic multilayer films have become an important part in today's computer technology. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, which plays a central role here, was discovered in the late 1980s. This can be essentially described as the effect of a magnetic field on the electron transport leading to significant changes in the resistance. Other aspects of multilayers systems, such as stability, growth, confinement are also addressed. Theoretical and experimental methods used in such work are described in some detail, with special emphasis on density functional and spin density functional theories. Magnetic anisotropy in thin films is also discussed while addressing unresolved issues and new results from exchange-bias experiments. Discusses the GMR effect What makes multilayers interesting and useful? What are the latest discoveries in this field? Simple insights in to the physics behind multilayers Novel concepts at small length scales Theoretical and experimental background
Download or read book Metallic Multilayers written by A. Chamberod and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a series of lectures given in a Summer School held in Aussois (France) in September 1989. It offers a global perspective on the current state-of-the-art in the rapidly emerging field of metallic multilayered structures.
Download or read book Metallic Multilayers at the Nanoscale written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of multilayer structures has been driven by a wide range of commercial applications requiring enhanced material behaviors. Innovations in physical vapor deposition technologies, in particular magnetron sputtering, have enabled the synthesis of metallic-based structures with nanoscaled layer dimensions as small as one-to-two monolayers. Parameters used in the deposition process are paramount to the Formation of these small layer dimensions and the stability of the structure. Therefore, optimization of the desired material properties must be related to assessment of the actual microstructure. Characterization techniques as x-ray diffraction and high resolution microscopy are useful to reveal the interface and layer structure-whether ordered or disordered crystalline, amorphous, compositionally abrupt or graded, and/or lattice strained Techniques for the synthesis of metallic multilayers with subnanometric layers will be reviewed with applications based on enhancing material behaviors as reflectivity and magnetic anisotropy but with emphasis on experimental studies of mechanical properties.
Download or read book Metallic Multilayers at the Nanaoscale written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Multilayers and Giant Magnetoresistance written by U. Hartmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unified overview of recent progress in a growing, multi-disciplinary field places special emphasis on the industrial applications of magnetic multilayered materials. The text describes a wide range of physical aspects, together with experimental and theoretical methods.
Download or read book The Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Multilayers written by John T. Hoekstra and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetic Phenomena in Metallic Multilayers written by L. V. Dekhtyaruk and published by . This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review describes a series of kinetic phenomena in metallic multilayers. The kinetic properties of multilayers differ from the properties of both massive metals and thin films.
Download or read book Mechanical Properties and Radiation Tolerance of Metallic Multilayers written by Nan Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High energy neutron and proton radiation can induce serious damage in structural metals, including void swelling and embrittlement. Hence the design of advanced metallic materials with significantly enhanced radiation tolerance is critical for the application of advanced nuclear energy systems. The goals of this dissertation are to examine the fundamental physical mechanisms that determine the responses of certain metallic multilayers, with ultra-high density interface structures, to plastic deformation and high fluence He ion irradiation conditions. This dissertation focuses on the investigation of mechanical and radiation responses of Al/Nb and Fe/W multilayers. Radiation induced microstructural evolution in Cu and Cu/Mo multilayer films are briefly investigated for comparisons. Al/Nb multilayer films were synthesized by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The interface is of Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship. In situ nanoindentation inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveal that interfaces act as strong barriers for dislocation transmission and dislocations climb along the Al/Nb interfaces at a much higher velocity than in bulk. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Nb multilayers has been investigated after helium ion irradiations: 100 keV He+ ions with a dose of 6x10^16/cm2. When layer thickness, h, is greater than 25 nm, hardness barely changes, whereas radiation hardening is more significant at smaller h. This study shows that miscible fcc/bcc interface with large positive heat of mixing is not stable during ion irradiation. In parallel we investigate sputtered Fe/W multilayers. Film hardness increases with decreasing h, and approaches a maximum of 12.5 GPa when h = 1 nm. After radiation, radiation hardening is observed in specimens when h>/= 5 nm, however, hardness barely changes in irradiated Fe/W 1 nm specimens due to intermixing. In comparison, Cu/Mo 5 nm multilayers with immiscible interface has also been investigated after helium ion irradiations. Interfaces exhibit significantly higher helium solubility than bulk. He/vacancy ratio affects the formation and distribution of He bubbles. The greater diameter of He bubbles in Cu than Mo originates from the ease of bubble growth in Cu via punching of interstitial loops. Finally, helium bubble migration and growth mechanisms were investigated in irradiated Cu (100) single crystal films via in situ heating inside a TEM. The activation energy for bubble growth is ~ 0.02 eV at low temperature. At higher temperatures, the activation energy for bubble coalescence is ~ 0.22 eV inside crystal, and 0.34 eV close to surface. The migration mechanisms of helium bubbles involve continuous as well as Brownian movement.
Download or read book Residual Stress Within Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Systems During Thermal Cycling written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Projected applications for nanoscale metallic multilayers will include wide temperature ranges. Since film residual stress has been known to alter system reliability, stress development within new film structures with high interfacial densities should be characterized to identify potential long-term performance barriers. To understand factors contributing to thermal stress evolution within nanoscale metallic multilayers, stress in Cu/Nb systems adhered to Si substrates was calculated from curvature measurements collected during cycling between 25 °C and 400 °C. Additionally, stress within each type of component layers was calculated from shifts in the primary peak position from in-situ heated X-ray diffraction. The effects of both film architecture (layer thickness) and layer order in metallic multilayers were tracked and compared with monolithic Cu and Nb films. Analysis indicated that the thermoelastic slope of nanoscale metallic multilayer films depends on thermal expansion mismatch, elastic modulus of the components, and also interfacial density. The layer thickness (i.e. interfacial density) affected thermoelastic slope magnitude while layer order had minimal impact on stress responses after the initial thermal cycle. When comparing stress responses of monolithic Cu and Nb films to those of the Cu/Nb systems, the nanoscale metallic multilayers show a similar increase in stress above 200 °C to the Nb monolithic films, indicating that Nb components play a larger role in stress development than Cu. Local stress calculations from X-ray diffraction peak shifts collected during heating reveal that the component layers within a multilayer film respond similarly to their monolithic counterparts.
Download or read book Diffusion in Metallic Multilayers written by James Scott Conyers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Papers from the 7th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers MML2010 Berkeley California September 19 24 2010 written by International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electronic Structure and Physical Properties of Solids written by Hugues Dreysse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-01-11 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A very comprehensive book, enabling the reader to understand the basic formalisms used in electronic structure determination and particularly the "Muffin Tin Orbitals" methods. The latest developments are presented, providing a very detailed description of the "Full Potential" schemes. This book will provide a real state of the art, since almost all of the contributions on formalism have not been, and will not be, published elsewhere. This book will become a standard reference volume. Moreover, applications in very active fields of today's research on magnetism are presented. A wide spectrum of such questions is covered by this book. For instance, the paper on interlayer exchange coupling should become a "classic", since there has been fantastic experimental activity for 10 years and this can be considered to be the "final" theoretical answer to this question. This work has never been presented in such a complete form.
Download or read book Electrodeposited Nanowires and their Applications written by Nicoleta Lupu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a new and complex perspective on the fabrication and use of electrodeposited nanowires for the design of efficient and competitive applications. While not pretending to be comprehensive, the book is addressing not only to researchers specialized in this field, but also to Ph.D. students, postdocs and experienced technical professionals.
Download or read book Magnetic Metallic Multilayers written by Randolph Quentin Hood and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Skyrmions and Their Applications written by Giovanni Finocchio and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like objects described by localized solutions of non-linear partial differential equations. Up until a few decades ago, it was believed that magnetic skyrmions only existed in condensed matter as short-term excitations that would quickly collapse into linear singularities. The contrary was proven theoretically in 1989 and evidentially in 2009. It is now known that skyrmions can exist as long-living metastable configurations in low-symmetry condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, increasing the potential applications possible. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delves into the fundamental principles and most recent research and developments surrounding these unique magnetic particles. Despite achievements in the synthesis of systems stabilizing chiral magnetic skyrmions and the variety of experimental investigations and numerical calculations, there have not been many summaries of the fundamental physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions or integrating those concepts with methods of detection, characterization and potential applications. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delivers a coherent, state-of-the-art discussion on the current knowledge and potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials and device applications. First the book reviews key concepts such as topology, magnetism and materials for magnetic skyrmions. Then, charactization methods, physical mechanisms, and emerging applications are discussed. Covers background knowledge and details the basic principles of magnetic skyrmions, including materials, characterization, statics and dynamics Reviews materials for skyrmion stabilization including bulk materials and interface-dominated multilayer materials Describes both well-known and unconventional applications of magnetic skyrmions, such as memristors and reservoir computing
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport and Structural Studies of Metallic Multilayer Films written by Jeffrey Michael Florczak and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
