Download or read book Metal Oxide Thin Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition for Photocatalytic Water Splitting written by Archana Sathyaseelan Panikar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) are devices which convert solar energy into consumable chemical energy by splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen. Photocatalytic activity at a semiconductor oxide surface forms the backbone of the PEC and thus the quest for high activity oxide materials and improving the cells efficiency is a widely explored field of research. Metal oxide semiconductors with band gaps in the visible spectrum are actively sought as photocatalytic electrode materials. The major advantages are that oxides are nontoxic, stable, and inexpensive. However, their overall efficiency is usually limited by short carrier diffusion length due to structural defects, limited light absorptivity and sluggish kinetics at the interface. To overcome these limitations crystalline semiconductor oxides synthesized by high temperature techniques are desired. A direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition technique has been employed to synthesize films of Fe2O3 (hematite) and BiVO4 (bismuth vanadate) for use as photocatalysts. The high temperature synthesis technique is optimized to obtain good quality crystalline smooth films on fluorine doped tin oxide substrates and their photoelectrochemical characteristics have been studied. It is observed that the interlayer oxide material used for growth of the Fe2O3 and BiVO4 has a significant role in their photoactivity.The interlayer oxide serves as an efficient electron transport layer and also influences the grain characteristics of the film. For hematite it is observed that a n-type metal oxide interlayer (e.g. Nb2O5 or TiO2) helps improve the photoactivity as compared to a p-type oxide (NiO). BiVO4 has a poor electron diffusion length, and a WO3 interlayer improves the photocurrent in BiVO4 films by improving the charge collection efficiency. The low absorption coefficient of hematite requires a dense electrode for greater light absorption; however, the electrode thickness is limited by the poor hole diffusion length (~4 nm). Plasmonic metal nanostructures of gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu), which are known to concentrate and scatter broad range wavelengths of incident light, are promising for enhancing the light absorption cross-section of a semiconducting material. Gold nanoparticles embedded in hematite films have been synthesized. About three times higher light absorption and photocurrent enhancement are obtained. A thickness-dependent study of photoactivity indicates a greater enhancement of gold-embedded hematite thin films compared to thicker films due to reduced charge transport distance and optimal local field enhancement effect. The embedded structure also has the advantage of consistent performance and protection of plasmonic nanostructures from electrochemical corrosion, resulting in long cycles of operation.

Download or read book Surfaces and Interfaces of Metal Oxide Thin Films Multilayers Nanoparticles and Nano composites written by Alejandro G. Roca and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a general overview and current state of the art of different types of metal oxide nanomaterials, either in nanoparticles or thin film structure. It covers from the development and optimization of different nanofabrication/synthesis techniques for nanostructures which are currently the attention of the research community, the study of the structure and interactions by different characterization techniques of heterostructured materials and the final impact in different applications such as nanotherapy, data storage, super magnets, high-frequency devices. The book’s 13 chapters provide deep insight into the intriguing science of oxide materials and include contributions on novel technologies to fabricate nanomaterials with a broad range of functional properties (semiconducting, magnetic, ferroelectric, thermoelectric, optical, flexible and mechanical). This book is intended to the experts for consolidation of their knowledge but also for students who aim to learn and get basics of nanostructured metal oxides in diverse forms.

Download or read book Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD of Transition Metal and Metal Oxide Thin Films written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Fabian I. Ezema and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.

Download or read book Oxide Thin Films Multilayers and Nanocomposites written by Paolo Mele and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the science of nanostructured oxides. It details the fundamental techniques and methodologies involved in oxides thin film and bulk growth, characterization and device processing, as well as heterostructures. Both, experts in oxide nanostructures and experts in thin film heteroepitaxy, contribute the interactions described within this book.

Download or read book Complex Metal Oxide Thin Film Growth by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photochemical Water Splitting written by Neelu Chouhan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cleavage of water to its constituents (i.e., hydrogen and oxygen) for production of hydrogen energy at an industrial scale is one of the "holy grails" of materials science. That can be done by utilizing the renewable energy resource i.e. sunlight and photocatalytic material. The sunlight and water are abundant and free of cost available at this planet. But the development of a stable, efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic material to split water is still a great challenge. To develop the effective materials for photocatalytic water splitting, various type of materials with different sizes and structures from nano to giant have been explored that includes metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, phosphides, and so on. Fundamental concepts and state of art materials for the water splitting are also discussed to understand the phenomenon/mechanism behind the photoelectrochemical water splitting. This book gives a comprehensive overview and description of the manufacturing of photocatalytic materials and devices for water splitting by controlling the chemical composition, particle size, morphology, orientation and aspect ratios of the materials. The real technological breakthroughs in the development of the photoactive materials with considerable efficiency, are well conversed to bring out the practical aspects of the technique and its commercialization.

Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films written by Theodor Schneller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text to cover all aspects of solution processed functional oxide thin-films. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) comprises all solution based thin- film deposition techniques, which involve chemical reactions of precursors during the formation of the oxide films, i. e. sol-gel type routes, metallo-organic decomposition routes, hybrid routes, etc. While the development of sol-gel type processes for optical coatings on glass by silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide dates from the mid-20th century, the first CSD derived electronic oxide thin films, such as lead zirconate titanate, were prepared in the 1980’s. Since then CSD has emerged as a highly flexible and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of a very wide variety of functional oxide thin films. Application areas include, for example, integrated dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric random access memories, pyroelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems, antireflective coatings, optical filters, conducting-, transparent conducting-, and superconducting layers, luminescent coatings, gas sensors, thin film solid-oxide fuel cells, and photoelectrocatalytic solar cells. In the appendix detailed “cooking recipes” for selected material systems are offered.

Download or read book The Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Metal Oxide Films written by Angus Buchanan Laurie and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pulsed Plasma enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Michael T. Seman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films written by May Nyman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thin Film Metal Oxides written by Shriram Ramanathan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin Film Metal-Oxides provides a representative account of the fundamental structure-property relations in oxide thin films. Functional properties of thin film oxides are discussed in the context of applications in emerging electronics and renewable energy technologies. Readers will find a detailed description of deposition and characterization of metal oxide thin films, theoretical treatment of select properties and their functional performance in solid state devices, from leading researchers. Scientists and engineers involved with oxide semiconductors, electronic materials and alternative energy will find Thin Film Metal-Oxides a useful reference.

Download or read book Design Construction and Operation of a Chemical Vapor Deposition System of the Growth of Metal Oxide Thin Films written by John Wesley Bumgarner and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Vapor Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide and Nitride Thin Films written by Jeffrey Thomas Barton and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Water on the Photocatalytic Properties of Synthetic Nanocrystalline Iron Oxide Films written by Angela Janine Arnett Shankle and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two sets of synthetic nanocrystalline iron oxide films were grown via Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (AP CVD) under identical conditions, barring the exclusion or inclusion of water vapor within the depositional environment. The morphology and electrochemical properties of the resulting films were examined and compared. The presence of water during AP CVD deposition of nanocrystalline silicon doped hematite films impacts the photocatalytic properties of the resulting films. This is likely due to the inhibition of optimal doping of Fe2 O3 by the presence of water during growth. The presence of an amorphous iron phase in the wet preparation films, likely am-FeOOH, was suggested by Raman analysis, and is a possible source of lowered photocurrents in these films. Wet preparation films were found to have a bandgap of 1.96 eV and an estimated film thickness of 214 nm; dry preparation films have a bandgap of 1.9 eV and an estimated film thickness of 412 nm thick. Irrespective of preparation method, the fundamental particle size had an average diameter of about 20 nm. Mott-Schottky analysis was used for donor density calculations; dry preparation films had a donor density of about 8.9*1018 cm-3 and wet films had a donor density of about 5.5*1016 cm-3 . The differences in donor levels result in a significance difference in depletion layer width, which in turn may be responsible for lowered photocurrents in wet preparation films relative to dry preparation films. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that at low applied potentials, loss of efficiency is dominated by intragap state recombination in both preparation methods, but at higher applied potentials, loss of efficiency in dry preparation films is dominated by reduction of radicals in solution by photogenerated electrons, and by intragap state recombination in wet preparation films. Evidence suggests that the intragap state is never fully emptied in the wet preparation films and thus optimum photocurrents are never achieved. The single slope seen in the Mott-Schottky analysis supports this assertion.

Download or read book Advanced Organic and Inorganic Materials for Electrochemical Power Sources written by X. Zhang and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposium ¿Advanced Organic and Inorganic Materials for Electrochemical Power Sources¿, held during the 217th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Vancouver, Canada, from April 25 to 30, 2010.

Download or read book Low Pressure Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films in Conjunction with Photocatalytic Investigations written by Abon Jason Manuel del Rosario and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: