Download or read book Metabolism of Herbicides in Higher Plants written by Kriton K. Hatzios and published by Cepco Division Burgess Publishing Company. This book was released on 1982 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Herbicides and Plant Metabolism written by A. D. Dodge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the most important areas of the biochemistry of herbicide action. The introductory chapter begins with the field of herbicide discovery, followed by chapters dealing with the herbicidal inhibition of photosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis. The metabolism of herbicides is discussed with particular reference to the formation of toxic components from non-toxic chemicals, and also the inactivation of toxic chemicals as a basis for selectivity. The final chapters are concerned with mechanisms of herbicide resistance in plants and the possibility of transferring resistance to susceptible crops. A glossary of the most important herbicidal chemicals mentioned in the text is included.
Download or read book Biochemistry and Physiology of Herbicide Action written by Carl Fedtke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides are part of modern agricultural production systems and therefore contribute significantly to the economy of agricultural products. At the same time, herbicides are potent and specific inhibitors of plant metabolism and may therefore be used as valuable tools in basic plant physiological research. A well-known example is the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide diuron, known to plant physiologists as DCMU, which has become one of the essentials in modern photosynthesis research. Similarly, knowledge in other areas of plant metabolism may be advanced by the use of herbicides as specific inhibitors. This book describes the effects of herbicides on the metabolism of higher plants from the viewpoint of the plant physiologist. The material of this book is therefore, as far as possible, divided into areas of metabolism. This book intends (1) to present the reader with current knowledge and views in the area of herbicide modes of action and (2) to promote the future use of herbicides as metabolic inhibitors in plant physiological research to the advantage of both, the pesticide and the plant sciences. I wish to express my thanks to my colleagues and friends Prof. N. Amrhein, Prof. E. Elstner, Dr. L. Eue, Dr. J. Konze, Dr. K. Liirssen, Dr. W.Oettmeier, Dr. H. Quader, Dr. R. R. Schmidt, Dr. R. H. Shimabukuro, Dr. J. Stetter, Prof.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Herbicide Selectivity written by D. E. Hathway and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because plants of different species vary in the way in which they take up, transport, and metabolize chemicals in the soil, selective herbicides can be synthesized. This book examines those aspects of plant physiology, principally in crop plants, which can be affected by herbicides; the possibilities that are offered by recombinant DNA technology for developing resistance to herbicides; and methods for exploiting or preventing acquired tolerance. The author also covers recent work on ultra-selective mycoherbicides and the use of allelochemicals as herbicide substitutes.
Download or read book Herbicides and Plant Physiology written by Andrew H. Cobb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides make a spectacular contribution to modern crop production. Yet, for the development of more effective and safer agrochemicals, it is essential to understand how these compounds work in plants and their surroundings. This expanded and fully revised second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of how modern herbicides interact with target plants, and how they are used to manage crop production. In addition, the text: Provides a current account of the importance of weeds to crop yield and quality; Describes how new herbicides are discovered and developed; Examines precise sites of herbicide action and mechanisms of herbicide selectivity and resistance; Reviews commercial and biotechnological applications, including genetically engineered herbicide resistance in crops; Suggests new areas for future herbicide development; Includes many specially prepared illustrations. As a summary of diverse research information, this second edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology is a valuable reference for students and researchers in plant physiology, crop production/protection, plant biochemistry, biotechnology and agriculture. All libraries in universities, agricultural colleges and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need copies of this excellent book on their shelves.
Download or read book Herbicide Activity written by R. Michael Roe and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in the understanding of herbicide activity and toxicology have expanded tremendously in the past fifteen years. Research on the mechanism of action of most major classes of herbicide chemistry has provided scientists with excellent insight into enzyme targets. More recently, developments in molecular biology have provided information about herbicide action at the genetic level. Less well understood are the toxicological aspects of herbicide activity that culminate in plant injury or death. Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Herbicide Activity is a review of the recent literature on most of the major classes of herbicide chemistry in commercial use. The chapters include information about different aspects of herbicide activity related to photosynthesis, inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis, disruption of cell division and microtubule assembly, activity of phytohormone (auxin) mimics, inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis and some developments in the understanding of herbicide resistance.
Download or read book Analysis of 2 4 D Metabolites in Higher Plants by Gas Chromatography written by Norman Cline Glaze and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of herbicides is increasing rapidly year by year. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most widely used of the herbicides offered on the market. Although 2,4-D was one of the first selective herbicides discovered and has been investigated by many workers over the years, there are still many questions concerning its metabolism. Hydroxylated derivatives have been found in some microorganisms and plants . This might be expected as hydroxylation is a prime method of detoxication in biological systems. 2,4-D has been found to be hydroxylated predominantly in the 5-position. However, 4- hydroxy-2,3- and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids have been identified in some cases. This is interesting as it involves much more elaborate mechanisms than hydroxylation in a vacant position. The formation of these hydroxy acids requires a chlorine shift to one of the meta positions and hydroxylation in the para position. The object of this work is to determine whether hydroxylated derivatives are formed by excised roots from 2,4-D or related herbicides. Some workers have also found muconic acids and gamma-lactones as succeeding stages in the metabolism of these herbicides. This would follow from an oxidative degradation of the ring structure. The lactones found are of interest from the public health standpoint. The gamma-lactones isolated contain double bonds in the even numbered positions and compounds of this type have been found to be carcinogenic. If these compounds appear in any appreciable amounts and are not very transitory in nature, the use of the herbicides involved might require reevaluation by regulating organizations.
Download or read book Pesticide Biotransformation and Disposition written by Ernest Hodgson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotransformation of Pesticides is an updated, "one-stop" resource for academic, industry and regulatory scientists involved in research and regulatory activities related to pesticide biotransformation and human health. This book provides an in depth look at how pesticides are biotransformed, which is essential to understanding exposure, dose, toxicity and health risks. This essential reference contains the biotransformation of pesticides from uptake to excretion, including toxicokinetics and emphasizes metabolism in non-target species, including experimental animals and humans. - Includes four new chapters and expanded material on pesticide biotransformation and disposition, an active area of pesticide toxicology that is becoming increasingly important for human health risk assessment - Offers a practical and portable guide covering the most up-to-date research results on metabolic transformations of pesticides - Provides scientists and regulatory researchers with the information they need to conduct accurate risk assessments and make informed decisions on which exposures to study further in human populations
Download or read book Physiology of Herbicide Action written by Malcolm Devine and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1993 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to herbicide action; Reaching the target; Oxigen toxicity and herbicidal action; Microtubule disruptors; Herbicide effects on lipid synthesis; Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitors; Inhibition of amino acid biosysnthesis; Herbicides with auxin activity; Other sites of herbicide action; Secondary physiological effects of herbicides; Herbicide interactions with herbicides, synergists, and safeners; Naturally occurring chemicals as herbicides.
Download or read book Herbicides Chemistry written by Kearney and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-05-27 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conveniently gathering up-to-date information on herbicides' chemistry, degradation, and mode of action in one source, this reference discusses glyphosate and the traits that have made it so successful ... investigates the adsorption of polycyclic alkanoic acids' ester into targeted plants ... documents sulfonylureas' selectivity, environmental compatibility, groundwater safety, and low use rate ... explains metribuzin's combination with other herbicides to increase weed control for soybeans, potatoes, and tomatoes ... and examines alachlor and metolachlor for controlling annual grasses, broadleaf weeds, yellow nutsedge in corn, soybeans, and many other crops. Extensively referenced and illustrated, Herbicides, Volume 3 is an outstanding reference for soil scientists, agronomists, microbiologists, biochemists, agricultural chemists, botanists, environmental scientists, and plant nutritionists and pathologists. Book jacket.
Download or read book Weed Physiology written by Stephen O. Duke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 deals with the mechanisms of herbicide action and of resistance and tolerance to herbicides. The first five chapters of this volume cover the effects of herbicides and adjuvants on the physiology of plants. Professor Black‘s chapter begins by covering the effects of herbicides on photosynthesis, including photosynthetic assimilation of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. This is followed by Dr. Morelands chapter on herbicide interactions with plant respiration. The third chapter by Professor Bartels deals with the effects of herbicides on chloroplast and cellular development with emphasis on correlating physiological information with ultrasound effects.
Download or read book Target Sites for Herbicide Action written by R. Kirkwood and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-10-31 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of chemicals to selectively control the growth of weeds has been a fascinating success story which has unfolded largely during the last four decades. The dramatic growth of herbicide research that followed the wartime discoveries of the auxin-type herbicides (phenoxyalkanoic acids) resulted in a whole range of compounds and mixtures which are used to eliminate broad-or narrow-leaved weeds from agricultural, horticul tural, or forestry crops. Today, the safe use of this armament of compounds requires our understanding of their mode of action, metabolism, and environmental persistence. The most recently developed herbicides are highly effective inhibitors of specific enzyme systems, and formulation may be an important factor determining their efficient delivery at specific target sites. In this book, the major target sites of herbicide action are discussed in Chapters 1-5, with particular reference to photosynthesis; amino acid, lipid, and carotenoid synthesis; and other primary target sites. The effects of synergists or antagonists as modifiers of herbicide action are described in Chapter 6. The importance of efficient target site delivery as a fundamental factor in herbicide activity and selectivity is generally recognized. Delivery of a potentially lethal dose of active ingredient may depend on a whole range of factors including the efficiency of application, retention, absorption, translocation, immobilization, and detoxification. These aspects are con sidered in the remaining chapters, with particular reference to the pathways and mechanisms involved in the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of soil-and foliage-applied herbicides.
Download or read book Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants written by Terence Robert Roberts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-04-07 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of understanding the metabolism of agrochemicals in plants has never been greater. In a world where food safety and environmental concerns are increasing, knowledge of the metabolic processes within plants and the terminal residues of agrochemicals in food crops is invaluable. Written by experts in the agrochemical industry and academia, Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants is the first text to give systematic coverage of this important topic. This text brings together the current status of the subject with chapters on regulatory considerations, comparative metabolism of plants and animals, and the different phases of metabolism. Including new and novel research in primary metabolism, herbicide metabolism and bound residues, this work is unique and thoroughly up to date. This is an essential text for chemists and biochemists working in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries and academia as well as analytical chemists, regulatory chemists and environmental scientists. Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants is a volume in the Wiley Series in Agrochemicals and Plant Protection. This series brings together current scientific and regulatory knowledge and perspectives on all aspects of the use of chemicals and biotechnology in agriculture.
Download or read book Mode of Action of Herbicides written by Floyd M. Ashton and published by . This book was released on 1981-05-05 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicide classification. Morphological responses to herbicides. Absorption and translocation of herbicides. Molecular fate of herbicides in higher plants. Biochemical responses to herbicides. Alphatics. Amides. Amitrole. Benzoics. Bipyridyliums. Carbamates. Dinitroanilines. Diphenyl Ethers. Glyphosate. Nitriles. Phenoxys. Thiocarbamates. Triazines. Ureas.
Download or read book Target Sites of Herbicide Action written by Peter Boger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is based on the plant processes and reaction sites for which reliable knowledge on both their physiology and biochem-istry and the mode of herbicidal action is available. Targets of the agrochemical research, such as enzymes of biosynthetic pathways or herbicide-binding peptides in the photosynthetic membrane, are highlighted. Detailed knowledge about the target sites will allow bio-chemical model systems to evaluate the biological activity of newly synthesized compounds before their conventional screening in the greenhouse. Quantitative structure/activity relationships should be performed more reliably with simple biological species or enzymol-ogy assays, to aid in the rational design of pesticides. This text is highly valuable for plant physiologists, pathologists, and chemists in the agrochemical industry and universities.
Download or read book Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.
Download or read book Metabolic Fate of Herbicides in Plants Classic Reprint written by C. R. SWANSON and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Metabolic Fate of Herbicides in Plants Consideration of the chemical-plant interaction is incomplete without a comp'le mentary knowledge of what the plant does to the herbicide as a result of metabolic and chemical processes occurring in the plant. Studies of herbicide physiology and biochemistry must take into account not only what the variations from normal plant metabolism may be but also what modifications are induced in the structure of the herbicide molecule as a result of metabolic reactions in plant cells and tissues. The mechanism of action of an herbicide and its metabolic fate are interdependent. Altera tions of chemical structure at the plant surface or Within the tissues and their com ponent cells may influence or determine the mechanism through which a lethal reaction is brought about. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
