Download or read book Memory subsystem Resource Management for the Many core Era written by Dimitrios Kaseridis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As semiconductor technology continues to scale lower in the nanometer era, the communication between processor and main memory has been particularly challenged. The well-studied frequency, memory and power "walls'' have redirect architects towards utilizing Chip Multiprocessors (CMP) as an attractive architecture for leveraging technology scaling. In order to achieve high efficiency and throughput, CMPs rely heavily on sharing resources among multiple cores, especially in the case of the memory hierarchy. Unfortunately, such sharing introduces resource contention and interference between the multiple executing threads. The ever-increasing access latency difference between processor and memory, the gradually increasing memory bandwidth demands to main memory, and the decreasing cache capacity size available to each core due to multiple core integration, has made the need for an efficient memory subsystem resource management more critical than ever before. This dissertation focuses on managing the sharing of the Last-level Cache (LLC) capacity and the main memory bandwidth, as the two most important resources that significantly affect system performance and energy consumption. The presented schemes include efficient solutions to all of the three basic requirements for implementing a resource management schemes, that is: a) profiling mechanisms to capture applications' resource requirements, b) microarchitecture mechanisms to enforce a resource allocation scheme, and c) resource allocations algorithms/policies to manage the available memory resources throughput the whole memory hierarchy of a CMP system. To achieve these targets the dissertation first describes a set of low overhead, non-invasive profiling mechanisms that are able to project applications' memory resource requirements and memory sharing behavior. Two memory resource partitioning schemes are presented. The first one, the Bank-aware dynamic partitioning scheme provides a low overhead solution for partitioning cache resources of large CMP architectures that are based on a Dynamic Non-Uniform Cache Architecture (DNUCA) last-level cache design, consistent with the current industry trends. In addition, the second scheme, the Bandwidth-aware dynamic scheme presents a system-wide optimization of memory-subsystem resource allocation and job scheduling for large, multi-chip CMP systems. The scheme is seeking for optimizations both within and outside single CMP chips, aiming at overall system throughput and efficiency improvements. As cache partitioning schemes with isolated partitions impose a set of restrictions in the use of the last-level cache, which can severely affect the performance of large CMP designs, this dissertation presents a Quasi-partitioning scheme that breaks such restrictions while providing most of the benefits of cache partitioning schemes. The presented solution is able to efficiently scale to a significant larger number of cores than what previously described schemes that are based on isolated partition can achieve. Finally, as the memory controller is one of the fundamental components of the memory-subsystem, a well-designed memory-subsystem resource management needs to carefully utilize the memory controller resources and coordinate its functionality with the operation of the main memory and the last-level cache. To improve execution fairness and system throughput, this dissertation presents a criticality-based, memory controller requests priority scheme. The scheme ranks demand read and prefetch operations based on their latency sensitivity, while it coordinates its operation with the DRAM page-mode policy and the memory data prefetcher.
Download or read book Fair and High Performance Shared Memory Resource Management written by Eiman Ebrahimi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) commonly share a large portion of memory system resources among different cores. Since memory requests from different threads executing on different cores significantly interfere with one another in these shared resources, the design of the shared memory subsystem is crucial for achieving high performance and fairness. Inter-thread memory system interference has different implications based on the type of workload running on a CMP. In multi-programmed workloads, different applications can experience significantly different slowdowns. If left uncontrolled, large disparities in slowdowns result in low system performance and make system software's priority-based thread scheduling policies ineffective. In a single multi-threaded application, memory system interference between threads of the same application can slow each thread down significantly. Most importantly, the critical path of execution can also be significantly slowed down, resulting in increased application execution time. This dissertation proposes three mechanisms that address different shortcomings of current shared resource management techniques targeted at multi-programmed workloads, and one mechanism which speeds up a single multi-threaded application by managing main-memory related interference between its different threads. With multi-programmed workloads, the key idea is that both demand- and prefetch-caused inter-application interference should be taken into account in shared resource management techniques across the entire shared memory system. Our evaluations demonstrate that doing so significantly improves both system performance and fairness compared to the state-of-the-art. When executing a single multi-threaded application on a CMP, the key idea is to take into account the inter-dependence of threads in memory scheduling decisions. Our evaluation shows that doing so significantly reduces the execution time of the multi-threaded application compared to using state-of-the-art memory schedulers designed for multi-programmed workloads. This dissertation concludes that the performance and fairness of CMPs can be significantly improved by better management of inter-thread interference in the shared memory resources, both for multi-programmed workloads and multi-threaded applications.
Download or read book System Design for Telecommunication Gateways written by Alexander Bachmutsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-20 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System Design for Telecommunication Gateways provides a thorough review of designing telecommunication network equipment based on the latest hardware designs and software methods available on the market. Focusing on high-end efficient designs that challenge all aspects of the system architecture, this book helps readers to understand a broader view of the system design, analyze all its most critical components, and select the parts that best fit a particular application. In many cases new technology trends, potential future developments, system flexibility and capability extensions are outlined in preparation for the longevity typical for products in the industry. Key features: Combines software and hardware aspects of the system design. Defines components and services supported by open-source and commercial basic and extended software platforms, including operating systems, middleware, security, routing, management layer and more. Focuses on disruptive technologies. Provides guidelines for developing software architectures based on multi-threaded, multi-process, multi-instance, multi-core, multi-chip, multi-blade and multi-chassis designs. Covers a number of advanced high-speed interconnect and fabric interface technologies and their commercial implementations. Presents different system form factors from compact pizza-box styles to medium and large bladed systems, including IBM BladeCenter, ATCA and microTCA-based chassis. Describes different mezzanine cards, such as PMC, PrPMC, XMC, AMC and others.
Download or read book Runtime Memory Management in Many core Systems written by Hossein Tajik and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the number of cores on a chip continuing to increase, we are moving towards an era where many-core platforms will soon be ubiquitous.Efficient use of tens to hundreds of cores on a chip and their memory resources comes with unique challenges.Some of these major challenges include:1) Data Coherency -- the need for coherency protocol and its induced overhead poses a major obstacle for scalability of many-core platforms.2) Memory requirement variation -- concurrently running applications on a many-core platform have variable and different memory requirements, not only across different applications, but also within a single application;in this dynamic scenario, static analysis may not suffice to capture dynamic behaviors.3) Scalability -- inefficiency of a central management makes distributed management a necessity for many-core platforms.To address all these issues, this dissertation proposes a comprehensive approach to manage available memory resources in many-core platforms equipped with Software Programmable Memories (SPMs). The main contributions of this dissertation are: 1) We introduce SPMPool: a scalable platform for sharing Software Programmable Memories. The SPMPool approach exploits underutilized memory resources by dynamically sharing SPM resources between applications running on different cores and adapts to the overall memory requirements of multiple applications that are concurrently executing on the many-core platform. 2) We propose different central and distributed management schemes for SPMPool and study the efficiency of auction-based mechanisms in solving the memory mapping problem. We also introduce a distributed auction-based scheme to manage the memory resources of platforms without central coordination. 3) We introduce offline and online memory phase detection methods in order to increase the adaptivity of memory management to the temporal changes in memory requirements of a single application. We also use memory phasic information to relax the need for static analysis of applications.We implemented a Java and Python based simulator for many-core platforms to investigate the efficacy of the proposed methods in this dissertation.The runtime memory management schemes proposed here enable better performance, power, and scalability for many-core systems.
Download or read book Memory Subsystem in Multicore Architectures written by Vahid Roostaie and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cache coherency and memory consistency are of the most decisive and challenging issues in the design of shared-memory multi-core systems that influence both the correctness and performance of parallel programs. In this book, we identify and analyze the problem of designing a coherent/consistent memory subsystem in general and then focus on FPGA-based multi-core embedded systems containing general purpose CPU's and dedicated hardware accelerators. We narrow down the range of the problem by targeting only the stream-based applications and developing dedicated application-specific solutions. A flexible Windowed-FIFO communication pattern is proposed to be used by the parallel programs being run on the multi-core system. The software APIs for the FPGA platform are implemented and tested, a customized streaming cache memory is designed, implemented and tested based on the proposed communication pattern and in the end, example embedded systems are developed and tested on the FPGA platform to prove the correct functionality of the APIs, the cache memory and the coherent data communication between the cores.
Download or read book Sustainability in Digital Transformation Era Driving Innovative Growth written by Dr Rajeev Agrawal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-29 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few weeks, OpenAI has released ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer). ChatGPT emerges as a formidable chatbot, surpassing various iterations of the GPT model, and plays a transformative role in user interactions with AI systems. In the dynamic realm of AI technologies, influential applications like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, mir□ror the transformative consideration of the simplicity on multiple facets of our daily lives. This potent technology holds the potential for significant positive changes, particularly in healthcare where the introduction of GPT and chatbot models opens promising avenues for disease treatment and technological innovation.
Download or read book Designing Network On Chip Architectures in the Nanoscale Era written by Jose Flich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-18 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going beyond isolated research ideas and design experiences, Designing Network On-Chip Architectures in the Nanoscale Era covers the foundations and design methods of network on-chip (NoC) technology. The contributors draw on their own lessons learned to provide strong practical guidance on various design issues.Exploring the design process of the
Download or read book Resource Management in a Virtual Memory Computer System written by Clair Emery Grant and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Software Exchange Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Information Resources Management written by NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Symposium on Memory Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Efficient Distributed Computing Systems written by Albert Y. Zomaya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy consumption issue in distributed computing systems raises various monetary, environmental and system performance concerns. Electricity consumption in the US doubled from 2000 to 2005. From a financial and environmental standpoint, reducing the consumption of electricity is important, yet these reforms must not lead to performance degradation of the computing systems. These contradicting constraints create a suite of complex problems that need to be resolved in order to lead to 'greener' distributed computing systems. This book brings together a group of outstanding researchers that investigate the different facets of green and energy efficient distributed computing. Key features: One of the first books of its kind Features latest research findings on emerging topics by well-known scientists Valuable research for grad students, postdocs, and researchers Research will greatly feed into other technologies and application domains
Download or read book Embedded Memory Design for Multi Core and Systems on Chip written by Baker Mohammad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the various tradeoffs systems designers face when designing embedded memory. Readers designing multi-core systems and systems on chip will benefit from the discussion of different topics from memory architecture, array organization, circuit design techniques and design for test. The presentation enables a multi-disciplinary approach to chip design, which bridges the gap between the architecture level and circuit level, in order to address yield, reliability and power-related issues for embedded memory.
Download or read book Model Implementation Fidelity in Cyber Physical System Design written by Anca Molnos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts in focus various techniques for checking modeling fidelity of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), with respect to the physical world they represent. The authors' present modeling and analysis techniques representing different communities, from very different angles, discuss their possible interactions, and discuss the commonalities and differences between their practices. Coverage includes model driven development, resource-driven development, statistical analysis, proofs of simulator implementation, compiler construction, power/temperature modeling of digital devices, high-level performance analysis, and code/device certification. Several industrial contexts are covered, including modeling of computing and communication, proof architectures models and statistical based validation techniques.
Download or read book High Performance Computing written by Abhinav Bhatele and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 38th International Conference on High Performance Computing, ISC High Performance 2023, which took place in Hamburg, Germany, in May 2023. The 21 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 78 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Architecture, Networks, and Storage; HPC Algorithms & Applications; Machine Learning, AI, & Quantum Computing; Performance Modeling, Evaluation, & Analysis; and Programming Environments & Systems Software.
Download or read book Computer Engineering Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 2079 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This reference is a broad, multi-volume collection of the best recent works published under the umbrella of computer engineering, including perspectives on the fundamental aspects, tools and technologies, methods and design, applications, managerial impact, social/behavioral perspectives, critical issues, and emerging trends in the field"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book InfoWorld written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-07-04 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: InfoWorld is targeted to Senior IT professionals. Content is segmented into Channels and Topic Centers. InfoWorld also celebrates people, companies, and projects.
