Download or read book The History of Currency 1252 to 1894 written by William Arthur Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The History of Currency 1252 1894 written by William Arthur Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The History of Currency 1252 to 1896 written by William Arthur Shaw and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896 is a book by William Arthur Shaw. It provides an account of the monetary values of Europe and America, coupled with an analysis of the effects of currency and exchange; on commercial and national progress and well-being.

Download or read book Catalogue of the Astor Library continuation written by Astor Library and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalogue written by Bernard Quaritch (Firm) and published by . This book was released on 1868 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spain and Spanish America in the Libraries of the University of California written by Alice Irene Lyser and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalogue of the Astor Library written by Astor Library and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of Medieval Military History written by Kelly DeVries and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading academic vehicle for scholarly publication in the field of medieval warfare. Medieval Warfare

Download or read book Second Catalogue of the Library of the Peabody Institute of the City of Baltimore Including the Additions Made Since 1882 written by Johns Hopkins University. Peabody Institute. Library and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The general and departmental libraries written by University of California, Berkeley. Library and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The End of the Spanish Civil War written by Jonathan Whitehead and published by Pen and Sword History. This book was released on 2024-03-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spanish Civil War ended in Alicante. After Catalonia fell to the Hitler and Mussolini backed military rebellion of Franco’s Nationalists at the outset of 1939, the legitimate Republican government of Dr Negrín was faced with a choice between apparently futile resistance or unconditional surrender to the triumphant Nationalists. Choosing the path of continued defiance until they could force concessions or at least implement a mass evacuation of those Republicans most at risk in Franco’s new Spain, the government withdrew to Elda in the province of Alicante. However, their plans were thwarted by a new rebellion of Republican officers, led by Colonel Segismundo Casado, who resented Negrín’s reliance on the Communist Party and the USSR and believed themselves better equipped to negotiate a peace settlement with Franco. They were misguided, Franco had no wish, and ultimately no need to negotiate. Meanwhile, faced with the imminent risk of arrest by the new junta, the Prime Minister and his cabinet were forced to abandon Spain from the tiny aerodrome of Monóvar. A relatively quiet port on the eastern, Mediterranean coast of Spain, Alicante had remained at some distance from the frontlines throughout the fighting on the ground, but swiftly became a target for Italian bombers operating out of bases in the Balearic Islands. In May 1938, at the height of the air offensive, Italian bombers attacked the marketplace, causing a massacre as tragic as the events in Guernica, yet largely ignored by historians. As the war drew towards its conclusion, Alicante became increasingly significant as attention focused on the plight of the defeated Republicans. In the second half of March 1939, the fronts collapsed, and Madrid finally fell to the insurgents. Tens of thousands of refugees descended on Alicante in the forlorn hope of rescue by French and British ships that had been promised but which failed to materialise. Amid the tragedy, as the British and French governments declined to engage in any humanitarian intervention that might offend Hitler and Mussolini, a single hero emerged; Captain Archibald Dickson, the Welsh master of the Stanbrook who ditched his cargo and transported 3,000 refugees to safety in North Africa. On 30 March 1939, Franco’s vanguard, the Italian ‘Volunteer’ Corps under General Gastone Gambara, occupied a town already under the control of the Fifth Column. Two days later the Generalísimo issued a communiqué from his headquarters in Burgos, declaring that the war was over. The bulk of the Republicans surrounded and captured in the port were marched to an improvised internment camp, known as the Campo de los Almendros (Field of Almond Trees). They were then transferred to the infamous concentration camp at Albatera to share the fate of defeated Republicans across Spain and to undergo the program of ideological cleansing of the new fascist authorities.

Download or read book A Political History of Spanish written by José Del Valle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanish is spoken as a first language by almost 400 million people in approximately 60 countries, and has been the subject of numerous political processes and debates since it began to spread globally from Iberia in the thirteenth century. A Political History of Spanish brings together a team of experts to analyze the metalinguistic origins of Spanish and evaluate it as a discursively constructed artefact; that is to say, as a language which contains traces of the society in which it is produced, and of the discursive traditions that are often involved and invoked in its creation. This is a comprehensive and provocative new work which takes a fresh look at Spanish from specific political and historical perspectives, combining the traditional chronological organization of linguistic history and spatial categories such as Iberia, Latin America and the US, whilst simultaneously identifying the limits of these organizational principles.

Download or read book CATALOGUE OF WORKS ON THE FINE ARTS written by and published by . This book was released on 1869 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Last Crusade in the West written by Joseph F. O'Callaghan and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the middle of the fourteenth century, Christian control of the Iberian Peninsula extended to the borders of the emirate of Granada, whose Muslim rulers acknowledged Castilian suzerainty. No longer threatened by Moroccan incursions, the kings of Castile were diverted from completing the Reconquest by civil war and conflicts with neighboring Christian kings. Mindful, however, of their traditional goal of recovering lands formerly ruled by the Visigoths, whose heirs they claimed to be, the Castilian monarchs continued intermittently to assault Granada until the late fifteenth century. Matters changed thereafter, when Fernando and Isabel launched a decade-long effort to subjugate Granada. Utilizing artillery and expending vast sums of money, they methodically conquered each Naṣrid stronghold until the capitulation of the city of Granada itself in 1492. Effective military and naval organization and access to a diversity of financial resources, joined with papal crusading benefits, facilitated the final conquest. Throughout, the Naṣrids had emphasized the urgency of a jihād waged against the Christian infidels, while the Castilians affirmed that the expulsion of the "enemies of our Catholic faith" was a necessary, just, and holy cause. The fundamentally religious character of this last stage of conflict cannot be doubted, Joseph F. O'Callaghan argues.

Download or read book The Founding of Spanish California written by Charles Edward Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Catalogue written by Bernard Quaritch and published by . This book was released on 1880 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Historia Cr tica de la Literatura Espanola written by José Amador de los Ríos and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: