Download or read book Membrane microdomains in disease Lipid rafts written by Jan Kliemann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Medizin - Anatomie, Physiologie, Cytologie, Note: 2, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Institut für Pharmakologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Seit der Formulierung der Theorie des "Flüssig-Mosaik-Modells" durch Singer und Nicolson, deren Grundlagen bis heute weiterhin Gültigkeit besitzt, sind inzwischen schon einige Jahre vergangen. Die Physiologie und Biochemie von biologischen Membranen ist seitdem zu einem äusserst wichtigen Thema in vielen Bereichen der Wissenschaft geworden. Neue Verfahren wurden entwickelt, neue Ansätze gefunden und alte Ansichten präzisiert oder gar geändert. Die vor ungefähr fünfzehn Jahren erstmals so genannten "Lipid rafts" (kurz: Rafts) sind ein solcher neuer Ansatz. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Form von Mikrodomänen, die durch eine bestimmte Zusammensetzung von Lipiden gekennzeichnet ist und deren Funktionen sich als äusserst vielfältig erwiesen haben. "Lipid rafts" sind beteiligt an der Endozytose, der Signaltransduktion, der Membranbiosynthese und der Pathogenese zahlreicher Krankheiten. Insbesondere aufgrund dieses letzten Punktes, haben sie auch in der medizinischen Forschung Aufsehen erregt. Ich werde diese Arbeit mit geschichtlichen Hintergründen, Definitionen und Abgrenzungen zu anderen ähnlichen Begriffen, und dem Aufbau von "Lipid rafts" beginnen. Es folgt eine Erläuterung von zwei ihrer Funktionen, nämlich der Endozytose und des Membranstoffwechsels.. Punkt vier enthält eine Diskussion über die Raft-abhängige Signaltransduktion, welche durch den Antikörper IgE an Mastzellen zur Ausschüttung von Histaminen führen kann. Als fünften Punkt setze ich mich stellvertretend anhand des HIV mit dem Problem auseinander, wie parasitäre Mikroorganismen "Lipid rafts" für ihre Zwecke nutzen. Abschließend folgt eine Zusammenfassung, in der ich auch verbleibende, mehr oder weniger ungeklärte Fragen zum Thema benennen möchte.
Download or read book Membrane Microdomain Signaling written by Mark P. Mattson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From intramolecular asymmetries to raft assemblies: a short guide for the puzzled in lipidomics / Ephraim Yavin and Annette Brand -- Regulatory aspects of membrane microdomain (raft) dynamics in live cells: a biophysical approach / János Matkó and János Szöllosi -- Lipid raft membrane skeletons / Elizabeth J. Luna ... [et al.] -- Role of cholesterol in membrane microdomain signaling / Christopher J. Fielding -- Raft lipid metabolism in relation to alkyl-lysophospholipid-induced apoptosis / Arnold H. van der Luit, Marcel Verheij, and Wim J. van Blitterswijk -- Role of lipid rafts in signal transduction and synaptic plasticity of neural cells / Markus Delling and Melitta Schachner -- Role of rafts in virus fusion and budding / Wu Ou and Jonathan Silver -- Alterations in raft lipid metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative disorders / Mark P. Mattson, Roy G. Cutler, and Norman J. Haughey -- Caveolin and cancer: a complex relationship / Mordechai Liscovitch ... [et al.] -- Dietary modulation of lipid rafts: implications for disease prevention and treatment / Mark P. Mattson.
Download or read book Membrane Dynamics and Domains written by Peter J. Quinn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-07-02 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure formulated by Singer and Nicolson in the early 1970s has proven to be a durable concept in terms of the principles governing the organization of the constituent lipids and proteins. During the past 30 or so years a great deal of information has accumulated on the composition of various cell membranes and how this is related to the dif ferent functions that membranes perform. Nevertheless, the task of explaining particular functions at the molecular level has been hampered by lack of struc tural detail at the atomic level. The reason for this is primarily the difficulty of crystallizing membrane proteins which require strategies that differ from those used to crystallize soluble proteins. The unique exception is bacteriorhodopsin of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium which is interpolated into a membrane that is neither fluid nor in a mosaic configuration. To date only 50 or so membrane proteins have been characterised to atomic resolution by diffraction methods, in contrast to the vast data accumulated on soluble proteins. Another factor that has been difficult to explain is the reason why the lipid compliment of membranes is often extremely complex. Many hundreds of different molecular species of lipid can be identified in some membranes. Remarkably, the particular composition of each membrane appears to be main tained within relatively narrow limits and its identity distinguished from other morphologically-distinct membranes.
Download or read book Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex written by Stavros J. Baloyannis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex - Interaction and Dynamics in Health and Disease discusses several important issues of cerebro-cerebellar collaboration and interactions. The morphological and functional study of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and their interaction has considerable value for interpreting the clinical phenomenology of cortical degenerations in the initial stage of the disease. In addition, the analysis of cerebro-cerebellar interactions strongly supports the concept of the close functional unity and harmonization of the brain and the cerebellum, underlining the important role that the cerebellar cortex plays in the performance of higher mental faculties, creativity, emotional processes, and homeostatic equilibrium of the human body.
Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. - Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop - Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors - All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship - Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity
Download or read book Lipid Domains written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes is targeted toward scientists and researchers in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, providing the necessary membrane research to assist them in discovering the current state of a particular field and in learning where that field is heading. This volume offers an up to date presentation of current knowledge in the field of Lipid Domains. - Written by leading experts - Contains original material, both textual and illustrative, that should become a very relevant reference material - The material is presented in a very comprehensive manner - Both researchers in the field and general readers should find relevant and up-to-date information
Download or read book Case Studies in Cell Biology written by Merri Lynn Casem and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Cell Biology presents real world scenarios to help readers use science process and reasoning skills. The case studies require application and analyzation of concepts beyond rote memory of biological concepts. The book is based on the student learning outcomes from the American Society for Cell Biology, offering practical application for both the classroom and research laboratory. - Guides the reader in applying knowledge directly to real world scenarios - Includes case studies to bridge foundational cell biological concepts to translational science - Aids students in synthesizing information and applying science processes
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lipid Rafts and Caveolae written by Christopher J. Fielding and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This keenly awaited first overview of the field represents a complete guide to the structure and function of the most important mammalian cell membrane organelles. Filling a huge gap in the primary literature, this book is the first to cover the subject in detail. Following an introduction by Kai Simons, the discoverer of lipid rafts and the most prominent scientist in the field, chapters include: Historical background Distinct structures and functions Structural basis Signaling Viral entry and virion budding Cholesterol transport Caveolins Lipid shells Cell polarity and intracellular trafficking Cancer cells Of prime importance to molecular and cell biologists, biochemists, membrane scientists, cancer researchers, and virologists.
Download or read book A Laboratory Guide to the Tight Junction written by Jianghui Hou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Laboratory Guide to the Tight Junction offers broad coverage of the unique methods required to investigate its characteristics. The methods are described in detail, including its biochemical and biophysical principles, step-by-step process, data analysis, troubleshooting, and optimization. The coverage includes various cell, tissue, and animal models. Chapter 1 provides the foundations of cell biology of tight junction. Chapter 2 covers the Biochemical approaches for paracellular channels and is followed by chapter 3 providing the Biophysical approaches. Chapter 4 describes and discusses Histological approaches for tissue fixation and preparation. Chapter 5 discusses Light microscopy, while chapter 6 presents Electron microscopic approaches. Chapter 7 covers Transgenic manipulation in cell cultures, including DNA and siRNA, Mutagenesis, and viral infection. Chapter 8 covers transgenic manipulation in mice, including: Knockout, Knockin, siRNA knockdown, GFP/LacZ reporter, and overexpression. The final chapter discusses the future developments of new approaches for tight junction research. Researchers and advanced students in bioscience working on topics of cell junction, ion channel and membrane protein will benefit from the described methods. Clinicians and pathologists interested in tissue barrier diseases will also benefit from the biochemical and biophysical characterization of tight junctions in organ systems, and their connection to human diseases. - Provides consistent and detailed research methods - Covers various cell, tissue and animal models - Includes step-by-step guidance from beginner to sophisticated levels
Download or read book Cellular Peptidases in Immune Functions and Diseases 2 written by Jürgen Langner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the many special roles played by proteolytic enzymes in immune reactions, this book addresses different aspects of membrane peptidases, signal transduction via ligation of membrane peptidases (especially of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 and aminopeptidase N/CD13), and regulation of membrane peptidases in vivo and in vitro. A number of newly discovered peptidases (including cathepsin F, W and X, carboxypeptidase X, attractin) are described, with special emphasis given to the role of peptidases in immune and defense reactions and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and other diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, pancreatitis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and tumours of various origins. The focus on the involvement of a selection of proteolytic enzymes in immune reactions and diseases is a unique feature of this multifaceted work , which combines biochemical, immunological and clinical research reports with literary reviews of the field.
Download or read book Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking written by T.Y. Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE FOR INTRACELLULAR CHOLESTEROL TRAFFICKING This volume is an elaboration of an earlier small meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri. In April 1997, many of the authors met for a two-day meeting devoted entirely to intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The rationale for this meeting was that investigators interested in this topic worked in a variety of fields, and rarely, if ever, all met together. Everybody knew each other's papers but mostly worked in isolation from one another. Understanding of cholesterol trafficking also appeared to have reached the point where it would start to rapidly expand beyond these few laboratories. Understanding of cholesterol trafficking was moving from a largely descriptive science into the molecular age. It seemed a good time to get together and see how much we agreed upon up to this point. More authors contributed to this volume than attended the St. Louis meeting. That meeting was generously funded by grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck and Company and Parke-Davis, however, the total funding available limited the size of the meeting. For the book, we are not so limited and have tried to be as inclusive as possible and pretty much invited everyone who is presently active in this area. We were quite fortunate to successfully recruit the authors we sought for each of these chapters. The authors and their contributions can be organized by particular interests and particular areas of expertise.
Download or read book Membrane Organization and Dynamics written by Amitabha Chattopadhyay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together information on membrane organization and dynamics from a variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and simulation approaches, spanning a broad range of time scales. The implication of such dynamic information on membrane function in health and disease is a topic of contemporary interest. The chapters cover various aspects of membrane lipid and protein dynamics, explored using a battery of experimental and theoretical approaches. The synthesis of information and knowledge gained by utilizing multiple approaches will provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying membrane dynamics and function, which will help to develop robust dynamic models for the understanding of membrane function in healthy and diseased states. In the last few years, crystal structures of an impressive number of membrane proteins have been reported, thanks to tremendous advances in membrane protein crystallization techniques. Some of these recently solved structures belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which are particularly difficult to crystallize due to their intrinsic flexibility. Nonetheless, these static structures do not provide the necessary information to understand the function of membrane proteins in the complex membrane milieu. This volume will address the dynamic nature of membrane proteins within the membrane and will provide the reader with an up-to date overview of the theory and practical approaches that can be used. This volume will be invaluable to researchers working in a wide range of scientific areas, from biochemistry and molecular biology to biophysics and protein science. Students of these fields will also find this volume very useful. This book will also be of great use to those who are interested in the dynamic nature of biological processes.
Download or read book Brain Lipids in Synaptic Function and Neurological Disease written by Jacques Fantini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are the most abundant organic compounds found in the brain, accounting for up to 50% of its dry weight. The brain lipidome includes several thousands of distinct biochemical structures whose expression may greatly vary according to age, gender, brain region, cell type, as well as subcellular localization. In synaptic membranes, brain lipids specifically interact with neurotransmitter receptors and control their activity. Moreover, brain lipids play a key role in the generation and neurotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins involved in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The aim of this book is to provide for the first time a comprehensive overview of brain lipid structures, and to explain the roles of these lipids in synaptic function, and in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's and Parkinson's. To conclude the book, the authors present new ideas that can drive innovative therapeutic strategies based on the knowledge of the role of lipids in brain disorders. - Written to provide a "hands-on" approach for readers - Biochemical structures explained with molecular models, and molecular mechanisms explained with simple drawings - Step-by-step guide to memorize and draw lipid structures - Each chapter features a content summary, up-to-date references for additional study, and a key experiment with an explanation of the technique
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Cell Biology written by Gerald H. Pollack and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-15 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase transitions occur throughout nature. The most familiar example is the one that occurs in water – the abrupt, discontinuous transition from a liquid to a gas or a solid, induced by a subtle environmental change. Practically magical, the ever-so-slight shift of temperature or pressure can induce an astonishing transition from one entity to another entity that bears little resemblance to the first. So "convenient" a feature is seen throughout the domains of physics and chemistry, and one is therefore led to wonder whether it might also be common to biology. Indeed, many of the most fundamental cellular processes are arguably attributable to radical structural shifts triggered by subtle changes that cross a critical threshold. These processes include transport, motion, signaling, division, and other fundamental aspects of cellular function. Largely on the basis of this radical concept, a symposium was organized in Poitiers, France, to bring together people who have additional evidence for the role of phase transitions in biology, and this book is a compendium of some of the more far-reaching of those presentations, as well as several others that seemed to the editors to be compelling. The book should be suitable for anyone interested in the nature of biological function, particularly those who tire of lumbering along well trodden pathways of pursuit, and are eager to hear something fresh. The book is replete with fresh interpretations of familiar phenomena, and should serve as an excellent gateway to deeper understanding.
Download or read book Caveolae and Lipid Rafts Roles in Signal Transduction and the Pathogenesis of Human Disease written by Edward Bittar and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2005-07-20 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caveolae (latin for little caves) are small structures found at the surface of cells. They are responsible for the regulation of important metabolic pathway. As a consequence, they may play a critical role in several human diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, and muscular dystrophies. This book analyzes the role and function of caveolae in these aspects and serves as the first textbook currently available on caveolae/caveolin.
Download or read book B Cell Receptor Signaling written by Tomohiro Kurosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.
