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Book Melville s Major Fiction

Download or read book Melville s Major Fiction written by James Duban and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Confidence Man

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher : The Floating Press
  • Release : 2010-11-01
  • ISBN : 1775419924
  • Pages : 458 pages

Download or read book The Confidence Man written by Herman Melville and published by The Floating Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The name Herman Melville is synonymous with the pinnacle of American literary achievement, and many regard his novel Moby-Dick as the quintessential work of American fiction. In The Confidence-Man, Melville's final major novel, the author explores the motivations, travails, and personalities of a group of boat passengers en route to New Orleans, as well as the mysterious trickster figure who riles things up at the margins of the group.

Book Typee  a Romance of the South Seas  By  Herman Melville  Introduction By  Sterling Andrus Leonard

Download or read book Typee a Romance of the South Seas By Herman Melville Introduction By Sterling Andrus Leonard written by Herman Melville and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-22 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 - September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period. His best known works include Typee (1846), a romantic account of his experiences in Polynesian life, and his whaling novel Moby-Dick (1851). His work was almost forgotten during his last thirty years. His writing draws on his experience at sea as a common sailor, exploration of literature and philosophy, and engagement in the contradictions of American society in a period of rapid change. He developed a complex, baroque style: the vocabulary is rich and original, a strong sense of rhythm infuses the elaborate sentences, the imagery is often mystical or ironic, and the abundance of allusion extends to Scripture, myth, philosophy, literature, and the visual arts. Born in New York City as the third child of a merchant in French dry goods, Melville's formal education ended abruptly after his father died in 1832, leaving the family in financial straits. Melville briefly became a schoolteacher before he took to sea in 1839 as a common sailor on a merchant ship. In 1840 he signed aboard the whaler Acushnet for his first whaling voyage, but jumped ship in the Marquesas Islands. After further adventures, he returned to Boston in 1844. His first book, Typee (1845), a highly romanticized account of his life among Polynesians, became such a best-seller that he worked up a sequel, Omoo (1847). These successes encouraged him to marry Elizabeth Shaw, of a prominent Boston family, but were hard to sustain. His first novel not based on his own experiences, Mardi (1849), is a sea narrative that develops into a philosophical allegory, but was not well received. Redburn (1849), a story of life on a merchant ship, and his 1850 expose of harsh life aboard a Man-of-War, White-Jacket yielded warmer reviews but not financial security. In August 1850, Melville moved his growing family to Arrowhead, a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he established a profound but short-lived friendship with Nathaniel Hawthorne, to whom he dedicated Moby-Dick. Moby-Dick was another commercial failure, published to mixed reviews. Melville's career as a popular author effectively ended with the cool reception of Pierre (1852), in part a satirical portrait of the literary scene. His Revolutionary War novel Israel Potter appeared in 1855. From 1853 to 1856, Melville published short fiction in magazines, most notably "Bartleby, the Scrivener" (1853), "The Encantadas" (1854), and "Benito Cereno" (1855). These and three other stories were collected in 1856 as The Piazza Tales. In 1857, he voyaged to England, where he reunited with Hawthorne for the first time since 1852, and then went on to tour the Near East. The Confidence-Man (1857), was the last prose work he published during his lifetime. He moved to New York to take a position as Customs Inspector and turned to poetry. Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866) was his poetic reflection on the moral questions of the Civil War. In 1867 his oldest child, Malcolm, died at home from a self-inflicted gunshot. Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land, a metaphysical epic, appeared in 1876. In 1886, his second son, Stanwix, died and Melville retired. During his last years, he privately published two volumes of poetry, left one volume unpublished, and returned to prose of the sea: the novella Billy Budd, left unfinished at his death, was published in 1924. Melville's death from cardiovascular disease in 1891 subdued a reviving interest in his work. The 1919 centennial of his birth became the starting point of the "Melville Revival." Critics discovered his work, scholars explored his life, his major novels and stories have become world classics, and his poetry has gradually attracted respect.

Book The Portable Melville

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher : Viking Adult
  • Release : 1952
  • ISBN : 9780670467105
  • Pages : 806 pages

Download or read book The Portable Melville written by Herman Melville and published by Viking Adult. This book was released on 1952 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents stories, poems, journal writings, and letters together with Typee, Billy Budd, and portions of four of Melville's novels. Bibliog.

Book The Piazza Tales

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2017-02-03
  • ISBN : 9781542920766
  • Pages : 132 pages

Download or read book The Piazza Tales written by Herman Melville and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Piazza Tales is a collection of six short stories by American writer Herman Melville, published by Dix & Edwards in the United States in May 1856 and in Britain in June. Except for the newly written title story, "The Piazza," all of the stories had appeared in Putnam's Monthly in 1853-1855. The collection includes what has long been regarded as the author's three most important achievements in the genre of short fiction, "Bartleby, the Scrivener," "Benito Cereno," and "The Encantadas," his sketches of the Galapagos Islands. Melville had originally intended to entitle the volume Benito Cereno and Other Sketches, but settled on the definitive title after he had written the introductory story. The book received largely favorable reviews, with reviewers especially praising "The Encantadas."but did not sell well enough to get Melville out of his financial straits, probably because short fiction for magazines had little appeal to bookbuyers. After Melville was rediscovered until the end of the twentieth century, the short works attracting the most critical attention were "Bartleby," "Benito Cereno" and "The Encantadas," with "The Piazza" a little behind those.In addition to the five stories, Melville wrote an introductory story for which the volume was titled. Scholar Douglas Robillard believes that this served the purpose of making the stories to appear "more closely joined than they actually are." The contract for the book was signed on 17 March 1856, it was advertised on 5 April as "in press" and should have been available by 15 May--though a copy was deposited for copyright on May 20. The volume was printed by Miller & Holman, Printers and Stereotypers, of New York, as a duodecimo volume of 431 pages, excluding seven pages of advertisements for other product by the same publishers.Biographer Parker observes that to reach that number of pages the book was padded out by leaving excessive white space. The front and back covers were ornamented by a border of rules and rosettes. The spine displayed the title, names of author and publishers stamped in gold, and the volume was priced at $1.00. In June the book was advertised together with another as "TWO GOOD SUMMER BOOKS." In 1922, three years after the centennial of Melville's birth, the first reissue of the collection appeared as part of the Constable collected edition."The Lightning-Rod Man" was chosen for inclusion in William Evans Burton's of Wit and Humor of 1857, with an illustration by Henry Louis Stephens. No other original illustration for one of his works appeared during Melville's lifetime. "The Lightning-Rod Man" the one Melville tale to be available throughout his lifetime.... Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 - September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period. His best known works include Typee (1846), a romantic account of his experiences in Polynesian life, and his whaling novel Moby-Dick (1851). His work was almost forgotten during his last thirty years. His writing draws on his experience at sea as a common sailor, exploration of literature and philosophy, and engagement in the contradictions of American society in a period of rapid change. He developed a complex, baroque style: the vocabulary is rich and original, a strong sense of rhythm infuses the elaborate sentences, the imagery is often mystical or ironic, and the abundance of allusion extends to Scripture, myth, philosophy, literature, and the visual arts. Born in New York City as the third child of a merchant in French dry goods, Melville's formal education ended abruptly after his father died in 1832, leaving the family in financial straits. Melville briefly became a schoolteacher before he took to sea in 1839 as a common sailor on a merchant ship. In 1840 he signed aboard the whaler Acushnet for his first whaling voyage, but jumped ship in the Marquesas Islands.

Book Superhit Stories of Herman Melville

Download or read book Superhit Stories of Herman Melville written by Herman Melville and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superhit Stories of Herman Melville by Herman Melville Discover the captivating storytelling of Herman Melville witthe Superhit Stories of Hermanh Melville. This collection brings together some of Melville's lesser-known yet equally compelling works, showcasing his versatility as a writer. From the mysterious and atmospheric 'Benito Cereno' to the poignant and introspective 'Bartleby, the Scrivener,' these stories offer a fresh perspective on Melville's literary genius. With their engaging plots, nuanced characters, and thought-provoking themes, these superhit stories demonstrate Melville's mastery of the short story form and solidify his position as one of the most influential American authors of all time. Key points: Lesser-Known Gems: The Superhit Stories of Herman Melville shines a spotlight on some of Melville's lesser-known works that deserve recognition. While not as widely celebrated as his major novels, these stories possess their own unique charm and literary merit. Readers will be delighted to uncover hidden treasures within Melville's repertoire and explore narratives that offer fresh insights into his storytelling prowess. Nuanced Characters and Compelling Plots: Despite being shorter in length, these stories feature Melville's signature character depth and compelling narratives. From the enigmatic characters in 'Benito Cereno' to the enigmatic scrivener in 'Bartleby, the Scrivener,' Melville's skillful characterization and engaging plots draw readers into the intricacies of each tale, leaving a lasting impact and prompting contemplation. Thought-Provoking Themes: The stories in this collection tackle a range of thought-provoking themes that resonate with readers. From the exploration of power dynamics and social commentary to the examination of human nature and existential questions, Melville's stories provoke introspection and offer opportunities for deeper reflection on the complexities of the human condition.

Book Moby Dick  Or  The Whale

Download or read book Moby Dick Or The Whale written by Herman Melville and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moby Dick is a novel by Herman Melville. A giant white whale bites off Captain Ahab's leg. He wows to find the creature and seek revenge, is this adventurous and classic seafaring tale.

Book The Confidence Man

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2018-08-10
  • ISBN : 9781724897244
  • Pages : 412 pages

Download or read book The Confidence Man written by Herman Melville and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-10 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Confidence-Man by Herman Melville Onboard the Fidèle, a steamboat floating down the Mississippi to New Orleans, a confidence man sets out to defraud his fellow passengers. In quick succession he assumes numerous guises - from a legless beggar and a worldly businessman to a collector for charitable causes and a 'cosmopolitan' gentleman, who simply swindles a barber out of the price of a shave. Making very little from his hoaxes, the pleasure of trickery seems an end in itself for this slippery conman. Is he the Devil? Is his chicanery merely intended to expose the mercenary concerns of those around him? Set on April Fool's Day, The Confidence-Man (1857) is an engaging comedy of masquerades, digressions and shifting identity, and a devastating satire on the American dream. We are delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive Classic Library collection. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. The aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature, and our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. The contents of the vast majority of titles in the Classic Library have been scanned from the original works. To ensure a high quality product, each title has been meticulously hand curated by our staff. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with a book that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic work, and that for you it becomes an enriching experience.

Book The Piazza Tales

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2021-03-25
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 339 pages

Download or read book The Piazza Tales written by Herman Melville and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of six short stories first published in 1856. This was Melville's only short story collection, and it consisted of the following tales: The Piazza; Bartleby; Benito Cereno; The Lightning-rod Man; The Encantadas or, Enchanted Isles; and, The Bell-tower.

Book White Jacket

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher : Good Press
  • Release : 2020-12-08
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 423 pages

Download or read book White Jacket written by Herman Melville and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel, but widely believed to be semi-autobiographical; this book describes in great detail Melville's experiences during 14 months of being in the American Navy. White Jacket is the narrator of the story and we never discover his name. During the voyage, Melville travels from the Pacific around Cape Horn and back to New England.

Book Pierre  Or  The Ambiguities  Norton Critical Editions

Download or read book Pierre Or The Ambiguities Norton Critical Editions written by Herman Melville and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2017 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Pierre was published one year after Moby-Dick, expectations were high. Readers expected—and Melville delivered—adventure, humor, and brilliance. Magnificent and strange, Pierre is a richly allusive novel mirroring both antebellum America and Melville’s own life. This Norton Critical Edition includes: · The Harper & Brothers 1852 first edition of the novel, accompanied by Robert S. Levine and Cindy Weinstein’s editorial matter. · Six illustrations. · Contextual and source materials, including letters, responses to Pierre by Melville’s contemporaries, and works by Daniel Webster, Thomas Cole, James Fenimore Cooper, Lydia Maria Child, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, among others, that give readers a sense of Pierre’s time and place. · Seven critical essays on Pierre’s major themes by Sacvan Bercovitch, James Creech, Samuel Otter, Wyn Kelley, Cindy Weinstein, Jeffory A. Clymer, and Dominic Mastroianni. · A Chronology and a Selected Bibliography.

Book Omoo  A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas

Download or read book Omoo A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas written by Herman Melville and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Book Typee  A Real Romance of the South Seas

Download or read book Typee A Real Romance of the South Seas written by Herman Melville and published by Sagwan Press. This book was released on 2018-02 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Book Moby Dick

    Book Details:
  • Author : Herman Melville
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2019-06-15
  • ISBN : 9781074161453
  • Pages : 270 pages

Download or read book Moby Dick written by Herman Melville and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: STORY: Moby-Dick by Herman Melville - Wikipedia's description: « Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is an 1851 novel by American writer Herman Melville. The book is sailor Ishmael's narrative of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the whaling ship Pequod, for revenge on Moby-Dick, the giant white sperm whale that on the ship's previous voyage bit off Ahab's leg at the knee. A contribution to the literature of the American Renaissance, the work's genre classifications range from late Romantic to early Symbolist. Moby-Dick was published to mixed reviews, was a commercial failure, and was out of print at the time of the author's death in 1891. Its reputation as a "Great American Novel" was established only in the 20th century, after the centennial of its author's birth. The basis for the work is Melville's 1841 whaling voyage aboard the Acushnet. The novel also draws on whaling literature, and on literary inspirations such as Shakespeare and the Bible. The white whale is modeled on the notoriously hard-to-catch albino whale Mocha Dick, and the book's ending is based on the sinking of the whaleship Essex in 1820. The detailed and realistic descriptions of whale hunting and of extracting whale oil, as well as life aboard ship among a culturally diverse crew, are mixed with exploration of class and social status, good and evil, and the existence of God. » ***** AUTHOR: Herman Melville - Wikipedia's description: « Herman Melville (1819 - 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period. Among his best-known works are Typee (1846), a romantic account of his experiences of Polynesian life, and his masterpiece Moby-Dick (1851). Melville was born in New York City, the third child of a merchant. Typee, his first book, was followed by a sequel, Omoo (1847). Both were successful and gave him the financial basis to marry Elizabeth Shaw, a daughter of a prominent Boston family. His first novel not based on his own experiences, Mardi (1849), was not well received. His next fictional work, Redburn (1849), and his non-fiction White-Jacket (1850) were given better reviews but did not provide financial security. Moby-Dick (1851), although now considered one of the great American novels, was not well received among contemporary critics. His psychological novel, Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852) was also scorned by reviewers. From 1853 to 1856, Melville published short fiction in magazines which were collected in 1856 as The Piazza Tales. In 1857, he traveled to England and then toured the Near East. The Confidence-Man (1857) was the last prose work that he published. He moved to New York to take a position as Customs Inspector and turned to poetry. Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866) was his poetic reflection on the moral questions of the American Civil War. In 1867, his oldest child Malcolm died at home from a self-inflicted gunshot. Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land was published in 1876, a metaphysical epic. In 1886, his son Stanwix died of apparent tuberculosis, and Melville retired. During his last years, he privately published two volumes of poetry, left one volume unpublished, and returned to prose of the sea. The novella Billy Budd was left unfinished at his death but was published posthumously in 1924. Melville died from cardiovascular disease in 1891. The 1919 centennial of his birth became the starting point of the "Melville Revival" with critics rediscovering his work and his major novels starting to become recognized as world classics of prominent importance to contemporary world literature. »

Book Tales  Poems  and Other Writings

Download or read book Tales Poems and Other Writings written by Herman Melville and published by Modern Library. This book was released on 2002-07-09 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From short masterpieces like “Bartleby the Scrivener” and “Billy Budd” to more obscure, even completely unknown works like the epic poem “Clarel,” Melville’s stories and poems rank among his greatest and most gripping work. This unique anthology–the first of its kind in fifty years–gathers together all of Melville’s tales, as well as a judiciously edited array of his prose poems, literary criticism, letters, lectures, and poetry. Though few realize it today, poetry was Melville’s abiding passion; yet his poetry has never received the recognition it deserves, until now. Containing many writings available nowhere else, and edited by leading Melville scholar John Bryant, Tales, Poems, and Other Writings includes a comprehensive introductory essay and extensive, in many cases groundbreaking, editorial commentary. It opens a window onto Melville’s writing process–he was a ceaseless reviser and experimenter–and reveals his career-long evolution as a writer as well as the full breadth of his literary achievement. And it marks a new stage in our ability to appreciate not only the work of one of our greatest writers, but the immense dedication that lay behind it. John Bryant is a professor of English at Hofstra University. He has published five books and numerous articles on Melville, and is the editor of the Penguin Classics edition of Typee and the Modern Library edition of The Confidence-Man. He has been the general editor of the Melville Society, one of the oldest and largest single-author societies in America, since 1990.

Book Moby Dick the Complete   Unabridged Original Classic

Download or read book Moby Dick the Complete Unabridged Original Classic written by Herman Melville and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-04-12 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This premium quality edition contains the complete and unabridged original classic version of "Moby Dick," printed on heavyweight, bright white paper in a large 7.44"x9.69" format, with a laminated cover featuring an original design. Also included is a detailed introductory essay discussing the life and work of Herman Melville and the history and significance of "Moby Dick," providing the modern reader with useful background information to enhance the enjoyment of this classic. Herman Melville is known today primarily for his iconic whaling novel, "Moby Dick" (1851), the story of the struggle between Captain Ahab and "the great white whale," which appears on many lists of "greatest books ever written" and is considered an essential part of the Western Canon. Ironically, when the novel was published it was a monumental flop and signaled the end of Melvilles's career as a novelist. One theory is that the omission of the epilogue from the first printing left the book open to ridicule as a first-person narrative in which the narrator did not survive to tell the tale. He published several more novels, all without success, and in 1866 became a New York customs inspector, all but forgotten for the next fifty years. It was not until the rise of the modernist movement that "Moby Dick" was recognized as a great literary work. What once were regarded as serious flaws came to be viewed as literary innovations, and the novel went from being criticized as undisciplined and poorly crafted to being hailed as "ahead of its time" and "visionary." For the modern reader, the complex analytical theories behind "Moby Dick" may get in the way of enjoying the novel for its own sake. Taking "Moby Dick" at face value, it is an interesting tale, rich with diverse characters and evocative themes like friendship, class and social status, good and evil, isolation and community, the existence of God, obsession and human perception. A vivid depiction of life aboard ship in the nineteenth century it is perhaps the most detailed and accessible existing picture of what was, for a time, the richest industry in the United States. If at times the text seems stilted or antiquated, as might be expected from any work from this era, it is equally true that at times the text attains a soaring, almost lyric tone. The most casual reader cannot fail to appreciate the unforgettable characters, compelling storyline and vivid depictions of whales, whalers and whaling, and the obsession-driven quest after the great white whale upon which Ahab leads, and the crew follows, to their doom. And this, without anything more, makes Moby Dick essential reading. Herman Melville (1819-1891) was an author of the American Renaissance, or Romantic, period. Born in New York City, he was the third child of a successful merchant. He worked as a schoolteacher before going to sea for the first time in 1839. Serving on a whaler in 1842, he jumped ship and spent a month living among South Pacific islanders. His first novel, "Typee" (1846), a bestseller, was based in part on his experiences in the South Pacific as was the successful sequel, "Omoo" (1847). The same year Melville, now a successful novelist, married Elizabeth Knapp Shaw. They would have four children between 1849 and 1855. "Mardi" and "Redburn," both published in 1849, met with limited success. "Mardi" in particular was criticized as so thematically dense as to be incomprehensible. "White-Jacket" (1850), based on Melville's brief service in the U.S. Navy, was his most influential work during his lifetime, with graphic descriptions of flogging that led directly to banning the practice on naval vessels. "Moby Dick" and several additional failed novels and poetry collections followed. Melville sank into obscurity and died in 1891, about 20 years before "Moby Dick" was recognized as a literary classic.

Book Typee  A Real Romance of the South Sea

Download or read book Typee A Real Romance of the South Sea written by Herman Melville and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.