Download or read book Meeting the Strategic Sealift Needs of the U S with a Limited Merchant Marine written by Kevin S. Cook and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ships and mariners of the U.S. merchant marine have played an important role in every war that the U.S. has entered this century. However, the U.S. merchant marine has been in a protracted decline. From a high of 3500 in 1945, the number of U.S.-flag ocean-going vessels has declined to 322 in 1997. And over the last 10 years, the number of active U.S. merchant seaman positions has fallen from 28,000 to 7,600. While the U.S. government has compensated for the decline in the numbers of ships by acquiring an organic strategic sealift fleet, no coordinated effort has been made to maintain an adequate pool of merchant mariners to man the ships. Currently, U.S. Maritime Administration estimates show that a shortfall of mariners available for strategic sealift will manifest early in the 21st century. Ironically, in the face of declining merchant marine, the U.S. is more dependent than ever on strategic sealift due to a reduced overseas presence and need the to have a force-projection military. This report frames the issue of the declining pool of mariners as a crisis that threatens to undermine the nation's ability to project military power in support of the National Security Strategy.
Download or read book Strategic Sealift Needs of the United States written by Kevin S. Cook and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Reach written by Ken Gaulden and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2016-01-15 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s, strategic sealift has been formally designated as a U.S. Navy mission. With over ninety percent of all military equipment and supplies required to support U.S. military forces in combat being delivered by sea, and as globalized interests and risks continue to spread, this mission is vital to the country’s economic and national security. Despite its necessity, sealift is rarely discussed as anything other than an operations adjunct and must be carried out in an environment of unprecedented fiscal constraints. Global Reach provides a unique examination into the development and implementation of more than a century of U.S. national defense sealift policy. Presenting a comprehensive history on the evolution of sealift from the Spanish American War (1898) to Operation Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom (2002–12), Herberger, Gaulden, and Marshall reflect on what has and has not worked in that time from both a legal and operational perspective. As international demands grow and change, so too must the sealift policies that are directly tied to how the nation will address them. With its thorough history and cogent analysis, Global Reach provides the context necessary to understand this complex, important topic, but also lays out a roadmap for how the U.S. can continue to meet and respond to the increasing challenges of the years to come.
Download or read book Defense Sealift Capability written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Defense Sealift Capability written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Sealift Policy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Where s the Lift Critical Operational Logistics Limitations on the Use of the Merchant Marine for Military Sealift in Times of Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States military is highly dependent upon the merchant marine to contribute to filling the operational logistics requirements associated with strategic sealift. With a continuing decline of the U.S. Merchant Marine, the U.S. is increasingly reliant upon foreign-flag ships and crews to serve this function. Countries such as China are making a concerted effort to improve their maritime industries, and there is an ever-increasing percentage of Chinese ships and other nationality-flag ships with Chinese crews sailing the high seas. Such significant resources would naturally be unavailable to the United States in the case of a conflict with China or one of its allies. The risk of insufficient lift capabilities for an operational commander to execute his plan in that case could be unacceptably high and must be managed. There have been a number of measures taken over the past two decades and additional measures are proposed to enhance the U.S. Merchant Marine so that it will be available for national security needs. Programs such as the Maritime Security Program, the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement, and the National Security Sealift Enhancement Act are key to preserving the viability of the U.S. Merchant Marine in a competitive international environment. It is vital for the U.S. military leadership to support these measures to ensure sufficient reliable sealift resources in the long term. In the near term, it is vital to realistically assess merchant marine sealift capabilities and their impact on warplans, and incorporate potential capability limitations into operational planning, specifically operational logistics.
Download or read book Backgrounder written by United States. Navy. Military Sealift Command and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategic Sealift written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Military Sealift Command written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation Desert Shield Desert Storm Sealift Performance and Future Sealift Requirements written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The United States Merchant Marine A Valuable Strategic Resource Now and for the Future written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alfred Thayer Mahan has been quoted as saying "A nation's maritime commerce strength in peacetime is the most telling indication of its overall endurance during war." In today's modern context there still exists within the nation's defense planning the understanding of the need for a maritime capability to support U.S. projected wartime and emergency contingencies. In his February, 1993 Chairman's report, General Colin Powell highlighted the role of sealift capacity to meet the nation's strategic lift needs in addressing the new regional and flexible focus of its worldwide military missions. In his "Annual Report to the President and the Congress" in January 1994, former Secretary of Defense Les Aspin discussed the essential role that mobility forces, including sealift, will play in the nation's effort to respond to regional dangers and opportunities. The question arises, however, whether Mahan's nexus still exists as it pertains to the role of the U.S. merchant marine in the nation's wartime or national emergency sealift effort. The most recent example in which sealift played a significant role in support of the nation's military mission occurred during Desert Storm/Desert Shield. While U.S. sealift needs were basically met, some writers have indicated that about 45% of that sealift capacity came from foreign chartered ships and that there were insufficient U.S. merchant seamen available to meet the manning of the nation's reserve fleet. There were even some foreign ships that were prohibited by their governments from entering the combat zone, thus affecting the effectiveness of the sealift effort. Whether this represents a true picture of U.S. sealift capability or accurately projects the extent to which the U.S. maritime fleet will be needed to meet the nation's strategic requirements is the subject of this paper.
Download or read book Where s the Lift written by Sarah E. Bobbin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States military is highly dependent upon the merchant marine to contribute to filling the operational logistics requirements associated with strategic sealift. With a continuing decline of the U.S. Merchant Marine, the U.S. is increasingly reliant upon foreign-flag ships and crews to serve this function. Countries such as China are making a concerted effort to improve their maritime industries, and there is an ever-increasing percentage of Chinese ships and other nationality-flag ships with Chinese crews sailing the high seas. Such significant resources would naturally be unavailable to the United States in the case of a conflict with China or one of its allies. The risk of insufficient lift capabilities for an operational commander to execute his plan in that case could be unacceptably high and must be managed. There have been a number of measures taken over the past two decades and additional measures are proposed to enhance the U.S. Merchant Marine so that it will be available for national security needs. Programs such as the Maritime Security Program, the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement, and the National Security Sealift Enhancement Act are key to preserving the viability of the U.S. Merchant Marine in a competitive international environment. It is vital for the U.S. military leadership to support these measures to ensure sufficient reliable sealift resources in the long term. In the near term, it is vital to realistically assess merchant marine sealift capabilities and their impact on warplans, and incorporate potential capability limitations into operational planning, specifically operational logistics.
Download or read book The Role of U S Maritime Policy in Strategic Sealift written by Stephen J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2000-03 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic sealift is essential to the Department of Defense for it to carry out its national security mission. Surge sealift is provided primarily by DoD's organic fleet. Sustainment sealift is accomplished through chartering commercial ships. U.S. maritime policy places the primary requirement for sustainment sealift on the U.S. maritime industry. Policies dating to the 1920s attempt to ensure an adequate number of ships by providing operating subsidies and cargo preference. Despite these policies, the size of the U.S. commercial fleet has decline& DoD uses foreign flag ships to meet its needs when U.S.- flagged vessels are not available. Foreign flag ship use is significant and presents risk to the conduct of military operations. The world maritime industry has undergone significant change. The rise of flags of convenience and open registries has altered the industry. This thesis reviews U.S. maritime policy, DoD's requirement for sealift and options for obtaining sealift. It identifies and explores the nature of the risk related to strategic sealift facing the DoD as it enters the 21st century and suggests that the risk associated with the use of foreign flag vessels is low.
Download or read book GAO Study of Military Sealift Command written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategic Sealift written by J. Douglas Foye and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world political, economic and military order is in a state of flux. The Cold War is over. Bipolar spheres of influence are the trappings of the past. In August 1991, President Bush outlined a new defense strategy based on four major elements: deterrence, forward presence, crisis response, and reconstitution. This policy is mandated by the new world order that will require the U.S. defense force to be smaller, CONUS based, mobile, as well as versatile and balanced. In essence, the force must be trained and ready. This readiness infers mobility with a capability for power projection to defend U.S. interests anywhere in the world. Strategic mobility demands we build and deploy a force that can fight on arrival and continue long term operations. The required surge and sustainment implies a strategic sealift capable of implementing this national defense strategy. However, the U.S. strategic sealift capability is on hard times. Ships are aging in both the commercial and military fleets, merchant mariners are becoming fewer and fewer and economic factors hamstring Congress and the Department of Defense for competing issues. To meet our need for sealift new innovative business practices must be entertained to fund the fleet with at least supplemental, if not sustaining, revenues for future operations. A form of trust fund, a straight sealift fund, that supplements Congressional appropriations and aids our merchant marine industry is necessary. Revenues from leasing, sales, scrapping, and international burden sharing can be cycled to stay within a fund rather than be returned to a general fund destined to be at the whims of competing projects. The government must get on track for strategic sealift in the force capability process.
Download or read book Strategic Sealift written by J. Douglas Foye and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world political, economic and military order is in a state of flux. The Cold War is over. Bipolar spheres of influence are the trappings of the past. In August 1991, President Bush outlined a new defense strategy based on four major elements: deterrence, forward presence, crisis response, and reconstitution. This policy is mandated by the new world order that will require the U.S. defense force to be smaller, CONUS based, mobile, as well as versatile and balanced. In essence, the force must be trained and ready. This readiness infers mobility with a capability for power projection to defend U.S. interests anywhere in the world. Strategic mobility demands we build and deploy a force that can fight on arrival and continue long term operations. The required surge and sustainment implies a strategic sealift capable of implementing this national defense strategy. However, the U.S. strategic sealift capability is on hard times. Ships are aging in both the commercial and military fleets, merchant mariners are becoming fewer and fewer and economic factors hamstring Congress and the Department of Defense for competing issues. To meet our need for sealift new innovative business practices must be entertained to fund the fleet with at least supplemental, if not sustaining, revenues for future operations. A form of trust fund, a straight sealift fund, that supplements Congressional appropriations and aids our merchant marine industry is necessary. Revenues from leasing, sales, scrapping, and international burden sharing can be cycled to stay within a fund rather than be returned to a general fund destined to be at the whims of competing projects. The government must get on track for strategic sealift in the force capability process.
