Download or read book Meeting Renewable Energy Targets in the West at Least Cost written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Western Governors' Association commissioned this report to explore ways to reduce costs to the region's electricity consumers for integrating wind and solar, identify barriers to adopting these measures and recommend possible state actions"--Page 1.

Download or read book Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energy Zone Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building transmission to reach renewable energy (RE) goals requires coordination among renewable developers, utilities and transmission owners, resource and transmission planners, state and federal regulators, and environmental organizations. The Western Renewable Energy Zone (WREZ) initiative brings together a diverse set of voices to develop data, tools, and a unique forum for coordinating transmission expansion in the Western Interconnection. In this report we use a new tool developed in the WREZ initiative to evaluate possible renewable resource selection and transmission expansion decisions. We evaluate these decisions under a number of alternative future scenarios centered on meeting 33% of the annual load in the Western Interconnection with new renewable resources located within WREZ-identified resource hubs. Of the renewable resources in WREZ resource hubs, and under the assumptions described in this report, our analysis finds that wind energy is the largest source of renewable energy procured to meet the 33% RE target across nearly all scenarios analyzed (38-65%). Solar energy is almost always the second largest source (14-41%). Solar exceeds wind by a small margin only when solar thermal energy is assumed to experience cost reductions relative to all other technologies. Biomass, geothermal, and hydropower are found to represent a smaller portion of the selected resources, largely due to the limited resource quantity of these resources identified within the WREZ-identified hubs (16-23% combined). We find several load zones where wind energy is the least cost resource under a wide range of sensitivity scenarios. Load zones in the Southwest, on the other hand, are found to switch between wind and solar, and therefore to vary transmission expansion decisions, depending on uncertainties and policies that affect the relative economics of each renewable option. Uncertainties and policies that impact bus-bar costs are the most important to evaluate carefully, but factors that impact transmission costs and the relative market value of each renewable option can also be important. Under scenarios in which each load zone must meet 33% of its load with delivered renewable energy from the WREZ-identified resource hubs, the total transmission investment required to meet the 33% west-wide RE target is estimated at between $22 billion and $34 billion. Although a few of the new transmission lines are very long - over 800 miles - most are relatively short, with average transmission distances ranging from 230-315 miles, depending on the scenario. Needed transmission expenditure are found to decline to $17 billion if wide use of renewable energy credits is allowed; consideration of renewable resources outside of WREZ-identified hubs would further reduce this transmission cost estimate. Even with total transmission expenditures of $17-34 billion, however, these costs still represent just 10-19% of the total delivered cost of renewable energy.

Download or read book Renewable Energy Integration written by Lawrence E. Jones and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Integration: Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids, Second Edition, offers a distilled examination of the intricacies of integrating renewables into power grids and electricity markets. It offers informed perspectives from internationally renowned experts on related challenges and solutions based on demonstrated best practices developed by operators around the world. The book's focus on practical implementation of strategies provides real-world context for the theoretical underpinnings and the development of supporting policy frameworks. The second edition considers myriad integration issues, thus ensuring that grid operators with low or high penetration of renewable generation can leverage the best practices achieved by their peers. It includes revised chapters from the first edition as well as new chapters. Lays out the key issues around the integration of renewables into power grids and markets, from the intricacies of operational and planning considerations to supporting regulatory and policy frameworks. Provides updated global case studies that highlight the challenges of renewables integration and present field-tested solutions and new Forewords from Europe, United Arab Emirates, and United States. Illustrates technologies to support the management of variability, uncertainty, and flexibility in power grids.

Download or read book Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation written by Ottmar Edenhofer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.

Download or read book Meeting the Mandated Renewable Electricity Target written by Barry Naughten and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poverty in Guatemala written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available evidence suggests that poverty levels in Guatemala are higher than other Central American countries, with data for 2000 showing over half of all Guatemalans (about 6.4 million people) living in poverty, with about 16 per cent classified as living in extreme poverty. This report provides a multi-dimensional analysis of poverty in the country, using both quantitative and qualitative data, as well as examining the impact of government policies and spending on the poor. Policy options and priorities for poverty reduction strategies are identified under the key challenges of building opportunities and assets, reducing vulnerabilities, improving institutions and empowering communities.

Download or read book Electricity from Renewable Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies.

Download or read book Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies written by Imene Yahyaoui and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies: Volume 1: Solar and Wind Energies examines both the theoretical and practical elements of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaics, solar, photothermal and wind energies. Yahyaoui and a team of expert contributors present the most up-to-date information and analysis on renewable energy generation technologies in this comprehensive resource. Covers the principles and methods of each technology, an analysis of their implementation, management and optimization, and related economic advantages and limitations. Features recent case studies and models of each technology. A valuable resource for anyone working in the renewable energy field or wanting to learn more about theoretical and technological aspects of the most recent inventions and research in the field. Offers a comprehensive guide to the most advanced contemporary renewable power generation technologies written by a team of top experts Discusses the energy optimization, control and limitations of each technology, as well as a detailed economic study of the associated costs of implementation and management Includes global case studies and models to exemplify the technological possibilities and limitations of each power generation method

Download or read book Advances in Green Electronics Technologies in 2023 written by Albert Sabban and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green computing involves developing, designing, engineering, producing, using, and disposing of computing modules and devices to reduce environmental hazards and pollution. Green computing technologies are crucial for protecting the planet from environmental hazards and pollution. This book presents new subjects and innovations in green computing technologies and in green computing and electronics industries. Chapters address such topics as green wearable sensors, variable renewable energy, managing energy consumption using the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, using forest waste to produce biofuel and biodiesel, green computing in ophthalmological practice, and much more.

Download or read book Global Renewables Outlook Energy Transformation 2050 written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outlook highlights climate-safe investment options until 2050, policies for transition and specific regional challenges. It also explores options to eventually cut emissions to zero.

Download or read book Guide to Purchasing Green Power written by and published by Environmental Protection Agency. This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This guide can be downloaded from: www.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/renewable%5Fpurchasepower.cfm, www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygreenpower.htm, www.thegreenpowergroup.org/publications.html, www.resource-solutions.org."--Verso. t.p.

Download or read book Future of wind written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to speed up the deployment of wind power, both onshore and offshore, until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.

Download or read book Analysis of Hanford based Options for Sustainable DOE Facilities on the West Coast written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation s Electricity System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.

Download or read book The Economics of Renewable Energy written by Roger Fouquet and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major reference work brings together for the first time key articles on the economics of renewable energy. From a modest role as a backstop technology in the 1970s to a central role in low carbon transitions today, this collection reveals the emergence and growing importance of this sub-field of economics. Topics covered in this timely volume include the costs of renewable power (taking account of issues related to technological development, intermittency and interconnection), policies that promote renewable energy development, its public and private demand, and its impact on the environment and the economy. This indispensable collection is complemented by a comprehensive introduction that will serve as an essential source of reference for students and researchers.

Download or read book Regional Impacts of EPA Carbon Regulations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Open and Collaborative Climate Change Mitigation Planning for Electric Power Grids written by Josiah Lohse Johnston and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming is one of the most significant problems facing humanity, and reducing emissions from the electricity sector is critical for mitigating global warming impacts. My work here focuses on developing computational tools to plan cost effective mitigation pathways for the electricity sector and using them collaboratively. The complexity and scale of globally transitioning electrical power grids away from fossil fuels over the coming decades will require a large-scale collaborative effort with effective coordination of many actors trained in diverse disciplines. Historically, energy-modeling efforts have tended to be siloed and fragmented between and even within research groups. In my research I have attempted to provide an alternative to that status quo by improving an open source renewable planning model, Switch, increasing its usability and accessibility to interdisciplinary researchers, and collaboratively applying it to mitigation planning. We used the Switch model to conduct detailed research into cost effective mitigation pathways for the Western portion of North America, or the WECC power grid. We found that renewable portfolio standards were insufficient to meet climate stabilization goals, and more targeted policies were needed that specifically focused on emission reductions. We identified investment plans that could lead to dramatic decreases in emissions without significantly increasing electricity costs over the next twenty years by retiring coal and replacing it with natural gas and renewables while evolving the grid to better accommodate variable renewable energy. We found that meeting overall 2050 targets will require concerted action on many fronts, including aggressive efficiency programs, electrification of transportation and heating, and dramatically reducing emissions from the electricity sector. Meeting 2050 emission goals without significantly increasing energy costs also will require additional technological innovation. Two promising technological pathways for long-term cost containment are developing low cost solar in conjunction with low cost storage or demand response, and developing Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Sequestration (BECCS) to provide emission offsets during the last stages of emission reductions. We found that the emissions offsets provided by BECCS were much more valuable than the energy, suggesting that other sequestration options such as improved land management that increases soil carbon deposition could be a particularly valuable part of an economy-wide portfolio. We started this research in the early days of the natural gas boom caused by widespread use of hydraulic fracturing. As data emerged on potentially high methane leakage rates in the natural gas supply chain, we investigated how leakage impacts roles Natural Gas (NG) can play in a low emission power grid. We found that leakage rates significantly reduce the use of NG as a direct substitute for coal, but have a smaller impact on the use of combustion turbines for reserves and peaking capacity. Higher leakage rates increase electricity costs in optimal solutions by an average of 1.3% ±0.068 and decrease NG consumption by 18% ±0.55 for each percentage point increase in the leakage rate in the next decade. Increased leakage can increase or decrease the use of NG to complement renewables, depending on the emissions cap context and technological alternatives. In the 2020 and 2030 timeframes under moderate emission caps, higher leakage rates prompt the installation of more renewables and prompt NG Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) to shift from baseload operation to running as-needed to complement renewables. In the 2030 timeframe, higher leakage often prompts installation of new NG Combustion turbines with Compressed Air Energy Storage, which is used to complement variability from renewable resources within a day. Scenarios that include low-cost battery storage or low-emission baseload options of Coal CCS or Nuclear have less Compressed Air Energy Storage installed in the 2030 timeframe because these technologies provide alternate emission reduction paths. In the 2040 and 2050 timeframes with tighter emission caps, NG is already used primarily to complement renewables and higher leakage rates tend to decrease its use in any role. Throughout this process, I made significant advancements to Switch as an analytical tool for collaborative work by interdisciplinary research teams. I initially increased the usability and lowered the learning curve while training colleagues who lacked computer science backgrounds, as well as developing execution workflows to increase reproducibility and leverage high performance workstations and computing clusters. I played a crucial role in developing detailed databases to describe the WECC electricity grid and calculating renewable energy potential at a high geographic and temporal resolution over a large area. I developed new techniques for describing policies and tracking both the renewable fraction and emission intensity of electricity. I developed techniques for simulating grid dispatch of investment portfolios on ~100x as many timepoints to better estimate reliability, costs and emissions. I used that instrumentation ability to improve sampling methods and solution quality. Interviews with current and potential users indicated a need for a completely open source software stack, streamlined workflows for data ingestions and processing, as well as a graphical front-end to complement the command line interface. These usability enhancements are the subject of ongoing and future work. Overall, this open collaborative approach has proven quite successful. We trained four other research teams on two campuses to develop versions of this model for China, Chile and Nicaragua and to conduct a detailed systems-level analysis of Carbon Capture and Sequestration technologies. Those efforts led to recognition by the United Nations during the 2014 Climate Summit. The complete text of this dissertation is freely available online through the University of California Berkeley though other organizations may distribute this text behind a paywall. We have developed partnerships with a second academic campus, a consulting firm and Google who are all contributing to a new implementation of Switch in a completely open source software stack that supports stochastic programming and decomposition (Pyomo). We hope that the new version can serve as a open platform for evaluating and comparing research methodologies as well as supporting investment planning and policy analysis for consulting firms, government agencies, academics, utilities and NGOs.