Download or read book Mechatronics in Medicine A Biomedical Engineering Approach written by Siamak Najarian and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting-edge coverage of mechatronics in medical systems Mechatronics in Medicine: A Biomedical Engineering Approach describes novel solutions for utilizing mechatronics to design innovative, accurate, and intelligent medical devices and optimize conventional medical instruments. After an introduction to mechatronics, the book addresses sensing technologies, actuators and feedback sensors, mechanisms and mechanical devices, and processing and control systems. Artificial intelligence, expert systems, and medical imaging are also covered. This pioneering guide concludes by discussing applications of mechatronics in medicine and biomedical engineering and presenting seven real-world medical case studies. In-depth details on: Sensing technology Electromechanical, fluid, pneumatic power, and other types of actuators Feedback sensors Mechanisms, mechanical devices, and their functions Principles and methods of processing and controlling mechatronics systems Artificial intelligence, expert systems, artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and neuro fuzzy systems Medical imaging, including ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, and nuclear imaging Medical case studies in mechatronics
Download or read book Control Systems Design of Bio Robotics and Bio Mechatronics with Advanced Applications written by Ahmad Taher Azar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control Systems Design of Bio-Robotics and Bio-Mechatronics with Advanced Applications delivers essential and advanced bioengineering information on the application of control and robotics technologies in the life sciences. Judging by what we have witnessed so far, this exciting field of control systems and robotics in bioengineering is likely to produce revolutionary breakthroughs over the next decade. While this book is intended for senior undergraduate or graduate students in both control engineering and biomedical engineering programs, it will also appeal to medical researchers and practitioners who want to enhance their quantitative understanding of physiological processes. - Focuses on the engineering and scientific principles underlying the extraordinary performance of biomedical robotics and bio-mechatronics - Demonstrates the application of principles for designing corresponding algorithms - Presents the latest innovative approaches to medical diagnostics and procedures, as well as clinical rehabilitation from the point-of-view of dynamic modeling, system analysis and control
Download or read book Introduction to Biomechatronics written by Graham Brooker and published by IET. This book was released on 2012-06-30 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Biomechatronics provides biomedical engineering students and professionals with the fundamental mechatronic (mechanics, electronics, robotics) engineering knowledge they need to analyze and design devices that improve lives.
Download or read book Biomedical Engineering Frontier Research and Converging Technologies written by Hanjoong Jo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an integrative overview of the latest research and developments in the broad field of biomedical engineering. Each of the chapters offers a timely review written by leading biomedical engineers and aims at showing how the convergence of scientific and engineering fields with medicine has created a new basis for practically solving problems concerning human health, wellbeing and disease. While some of the latest frontiers of biomedicine, such as neuroscience and regenerative medicine, are becoming increasingly dependent on new ideas and tools from other disciplines, the paradigm shift caused by technological innovations in the fields of information science, nanotechnology, and robotics is opening new opportunities in healthcare, besides dramatically changing the ways we actually practice science. At the same time, a new generation of engineers, fluent in many different scientific “languages,” is creating entirely new fields of research that approach the “old” questions from a new and holistic angle. The book reports on the scientific revolutions in the field of biomedicine by describing the latest technologies and findings developed at the interface between science and engineering. It addresses students, fellows, and faculty and industry investigators searching for new challenges in the broad biomedical engineering fields.
Download or read book Medical Mechatronics written by Mr. Chahat Gulati and published by RK Publication. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Mechatronics the integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, computer science, and biological principles to create advanced healthcare technologies. This comprehensive guide explores medical mechatronics' design, development, and application in diagnostics, surgical tools, rehabilitation, and patient monitoring systems. By examining real-world case studies, the illustrates how cutting-edge devices enhance precision, reliability, and patient outcomes. Suitable for students, researchers, and practitioners, it provides a deep understanding of how interdisciplinary engineering innovations are transforming the medical field, improving both patient care and the effectiveness of healthcare professionals.
Download or read book Technological Advancements in Biomedicine for Healthcare Applications written by Wu, Jinglong and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology continues to play a major role in all aspects of society, particularly healthcare. Advancements such as biomedical image processing, technology in rehabilitation, and biomedical robotics for healthcare have aided in significant strides in the biomedical engineering research field. Technological Advancements in Biomedicine for Healthcare Applications presents an overview of biomedical technologies and its relationship with healthcare applications. This reference source is essential for researchers and practitioners aiming to learn more about biomedical engineering and its related fields.
Download or read book Mechatronics written by Godfrey Onwubolu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-25 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechatronics is a core subject for engineers, combining elements of mechanical and electronic engineering into the development of computer-controlled mechanical devices such as DVD players or anti-lock braking systems. This book is the most comprehensive text available for both mechanical and electrical engineering students and will enable them to engage fully with all stages of mechatronic system design. It offers broader and more integrated coverage than other books in the field with practical examples, case studies and exercises throughout and an Instructor's Manual. A further key feature of the book is its integrated coverage of programming the PIC microcontroller, and the use of MATLAB and Simulink programming and modelling, along with code files for downloading from the accompanying website.*Integrated coverage of PIC microcontroller programming, MATLAB and Simulink modelling*Fully developed student exercises, detailed practical examples*Accompanying website with Instructor's Manual, downloadable code and image bank
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Advancements in Robotics and Mechatronics written by Habib, Maki K. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 1123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of mechatronics integrates modern engineering science and technologies with new ways of thinking, enhancing the design of products and manufacturing processes. This synergy enables the creation and evolution of new intelligent human-oriented machines. The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Robotics and Mechatronics presents new findings, practices, technological innovations, and theoretical perspectives on the the latest advancements in the field of mechanical engineering. This book is of great use to engineers and scientists, students, researchers, and practitioners looking to develop autonomous and smart products and systems for meeting todays challenges.
Download or read book Mechatronics written by Eugenio Brusa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mastering the art of mechatronics' currently looks like one of the most attractive tasks of modern engineering technology and science. Many applications resort to the interdisciplinary approach of mechatronics to enhance the performance, quality and safety of either product or process. Some are very traditional (like hard disk drives, biomedical, automotive and aerospace systems) while others are fairly new (like micro and nano electromechanical systems, unmanned air vehicles, intelligent machining, manufacturing systems or bioinspired devices). This book describe some practical examples, which demonstrate how different competences, disciplines and technologies meet in an innovative mechatronic system. They deal with several domains like the hard disk drive technology, biomedical prostheses, fluidic automation, UAV Vision System, vibration monitoring and suppression in steelmaking plants, materials machining and smart composites. These examples will show the reader, who is still looking for the real meaning of mechatronics, how some innovative technologies allow implementing a sort of artificial intelligence in several systems currently produced. Examples describe neural network positioning control, chaos prevention, myoelectric stimulation of prosthesis, human detection by vision system, multi-physics modeling and control of dynamics. Some topics are related to small scale, as in the case of a finger of a biotronic hand. Nevertheless, the same approach is applied even to huge machines, like the electric arc furnace. It is worth noticing that the authors resorted even to the additive manufacturing, as in prototyping bio-prostheses, or to fiber optics embedded into composite structures. Those technologies allow reducing cost, weight or volume of product. In some cases, the mechatronic approach improves the quality and the accuracy of some material processing, like in rolling or in turning against the risk of selfexcited chatter vibration. The examples described in this book cover a wide range of mechatronic applications
Download or read book Neuroendoscopy written by Spyros Sgouros and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of technological improvements, neuroendoscopy is now used in the treatment of many more patients, enabling the performance of previously unavailable operations with low complication rates and rapid patient recovery. This book presents the distilled experience of world experts in this evolving field. Current applications in a wide variety of settings are explained in detail and likely future developments are identified. In addition, the available neuroendoscopic instruments are reviewed and the results of international trials and collaborative studies, presented. This book will fully acquaint the reader with the breadth and depth of available neuroendoscopy techniques and their impressive therapeutic potential. It should serve as the reference book on neuroendoscopy for the next 10 years.
Download or read book Biomechatronics written by Marko B. Popovic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechatronics is rapidly becoming one of the most influential and innovative research directions defining the 21st century. Biomechatronics provides a complete and up-to-date account of this advanced subject at the university textbook level. Each chapter is co-authored by top experts led by Professor Marko B. Popovic, researcher and educator at the forefront of advancements in this fascinating field. Beginning with an introduction to biomechatronics and its historical background, this book delves into the most groundbreaking recent developments in a wide variety of subjects, such as artificial organs and tissues, prosthetic limbs, neural interfaces, orthotic systems, wearable systems for physical augmentation, physical therapy and rehabilitation, robotic surgery, natural and synthetic actuators, sensors, and control systems. A number of practice problems and solutions are provided at the end of the book. Two years in the making, the book Biomechatronics is a result of dedicated work of a team of close to thirty contributors from all across the globe including top researchers and educators from the USA (Popovic, Lamkin-Kennard, Sinyukov, Troy, Goodworth, Johnson, Kaipa, Onal, Bowers, Djuric, Fischer, Ji, Jovanovic, Luo, Padir, Tetreault), Japan (Tashiro, Iramina, Ohta, Terasawa), Sweden (Boyraz), Turkey (Arslan, Karabulut, Ortes), Germany (Beckerle, Willwacher), New Zealand (Liarokapis), and Switzerland (Dobrev). - The only biomechatronics textbook written especially for students at a university level - Ideal for undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the biomechatronics, biomechanics, robotics, and biomedical engineering fields - Provides an overview of state-of-the-art science and technology of modern day biomechatronics, introduced by the leading experts in this fascinating field
Download or read book Mems for Biomedical Applications written by Shekhar Bhansali and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the biomedical field is leading to a new generation of medical devices. MEMS for biomedical applications reviews the wealth of recent research on fabrication technologies and applications of this exciting technology.The book is divided into four parts: Part one introduces the fundamentals of MEMS for biomedical applications, exploring the microfabrication of polymers and reviewing sensor and actuator mechanisms. Part two describes applications of MEMS for biomedical sensing and diagnostic applications. MEMS for in vivo sensing and electrical impedance spectroscopy are investigated, along with ultrasonic transducers, and lab-on-chip devices. MEMS for tissue engineering and clinical applications are the focus of part three, which considers cell culture and tissue scaffolding devices, BioMEMS for drug delivery and minimally invasive medical procedures. Finally, part four reviews emerging biomedical applications of MEMS, from implantable neuroprobes and ocular implants to cellular microinjection and hybrid MEMS.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, MEMS for biomedical applications provides an authoritative review for scientists and manufacturers involved in the design and development of medical devices as well as clinicians using this important technology. - Reviews the wealth of recent research on fabrication technologies and applications of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the biomedical field - Introduces the fundamentals of MEMS for biomedical applications, exploring the microfabrication of polymers and reviewing sensor and actuator mechanisms - Considers MEMS for biomedical sensing and diagnostic applications, along with MEMS for in vivo sensing and electrical impedance spectroscopy
Download or read book AMST 05 Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology written by Elso Kuljanic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manufacturing a product is not difficult, the difficulty consists in manufacturing a product of high quality, at a low cost and rapidly. Drastic technological advances are changing global markets very rapidly. In such conditions the ability to compete successfully must be based on innovative ideas and new products which has to be of high quality yet low in price. One way to achieve these objecti ves would be through massive investments in research of computer based technology and by applying the approaches presented in this book. The First International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology AMST87 was held in Opatija (Croatia) in October 1987. The Second International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology AMSV90 was held in Trento (Italy) in lune 1990. The Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Conferences on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology were all held in Udine (Italy) as follows: AMST93 in April 1993, AMST96 in September 1996, AMST99 in June 1999 and AMST02 in June 2002.
Download or read book The Mechatronics Handbook 2 Volume Set written by Robert H. Bishop and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive reference on mechatronics, The Mechatronics Handbook was quickly embraced as the gold standard in the field. From washing machines, to coffeemakers, to cell phones, to the ubiquitous PC in almost every household, what, these days, doesn’t take advantage of mechatronics in its design and function? In the scant five years since the initial publication of the handbook, the latest generation of smart products has made this even more obvious. Too much material to cover in a single volume Originally a single-volume reference, the handbook has grown along with the field. The need for easy access to new material on rapid changes in technology, especially in computers and software, has made the single volume format unwieldy. The second edition is offered as two easily digestible books, making the material not only more accessible, but also more focused. Completely revised and updated, Robert Bishop’s seminal work is still the most exhaustive, state-of-the-art treatment of the field available.
Download or read book Encyclopedia Of Medical Robotics The In 4 Volumes written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 1555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Medical Robotics combines contributions in four distinct areas of Medical robotics, namely: Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotics, Micro and Nano Robotics in Medicine, Image-guided Surgical Procedures and Interventions, and Rehabilitation Robotics. The volume on Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotics focuses on robotic technologies geared towards challenges and opportunities in minimally invasive surgery and the research, design, implementation and clinical use of minimally invasive robotic systems. The volume on Micro and Nano robotics in Medicine is dedicated to research activities in an area of emerging interdisciplinary technology that is raising new scientific challenges and promising revolutionary advancement in applications such as medicine and biology. The size and range of these systems are at or below the micrometer scale and comprise assemblies of micro and nanoscale components. The volume on Image-guided Surgical Procedures and Interventions focuses primarily on the use of image guidance during surgical procedures and the challenges posed by various imaging environments and how they related to the design and development of robotic systems as well as their clinical applications. This volume also has significant contributions from the clinical viewpoint on some of the challenges in the domain of image-guided interventions. Finally, the volume on Rehabilitation Robotics is dedicated to the state-of-the-art of an emerging interdisciplinary field where robotics, sensors, and feedback are used in novel ways to re-learn, improve, or restore functional movements in humans.Volume 1, Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotics, focuses on an area of robotic applications that was established in the late 1990s, after the first robotics-assisted minimally invasive surgical procedure. This area has since received significant attention from industry and researchers. The teleoperated and ergonomic features of these robotic systems for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) have been able to reduce or eliminate most of the drawbacks of conventional (laparoscopic) MIS. Robotics-assisted MIS procedures have been conducted on over 3 million patients to date — primarily in the areas of urology, gynecology and general surgery using the FDA approved da Vinci® surgical system. The significant commercial and clinical success of the da Vinci® system has resulted in substantial research activity in recent years to reduce invasiveness, increase dexterity, provide additional features such as image guidance and haptic feedback, reduce size and cost, increase portability, and address specific clinical procedures. The area of robotic MIS is therefore in a state of rapid growth fueled by new developments in technologies such as continuum robotics, smart materials, sensing and actuation, and haptics and teleoperation. An important need arising from the incorporation of robotic technology for surgery is that of training in the appropriate use of the technology, and in the assessment of acquired skills. This volume covers the topics mentioned above in four sections. The first section gives an overview of the evolution and current state the da Vinci® system and clinical perspectives from three groups who use it on a regular basis. The second focuses on the research, and describes a number of new developments in surgical robotics that are likely to be the basis for the next generation of robotic MIS systems. The third deals with two important aspects of surgical robotic systems — teleoperation and haptics (the sense of touch). Technology for implementing the latter in a clinical setting is still very much at the research stage. The fourth section focuses on surgical training and skills assessment necessitated by the novelty and complexity of the technologies involved and the need to provide reliable and efficient training and objective assessment in the use of robotic MIS systems.In Volume 2, Micro and Nano Robotics in Medicine, a brief historical overview of the field of medical nanorobotics as well as the state-of-the-art in the field is presented in the introductory chapter. It covers the various types of nanorobotic systems, their applications and future directions in this field. The volume is divided into three themes related to medical applications. The first theme describes the main challenges of microrobotic design for propulsion in vascular media. Such nanoscale robotic agents are envisioned to revolutionize medicine by enabling minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. To be useful, nanorobots must be operated in complex biological fluids and tissues, which are often difficult to penetrate. In this section, a collection of four papers review the potential medical applications of motile nanorobots, catalytic-based propelling agents, biologically-inspired microrobots and nanoscale bacteria-enabled autonomous drug delivery systems. The second theme relates to the use of micro and nanorobots inside the body for drug-delivery and surgical applications. A collection of six chapters is presented in this segment. The first chapter reviews the different robot structures for three different types of surgery, namely laparoscopy, catheterization, and ophthalmic surgery. It highlights the progress of surgical microrobotics toward intracorporeally navigated mechanisms for ultra-minimally invasive interventions. Then, the design of different magnetic actuation platforms used in micro and nanorobotics are described. An overview of magnetic actuation-based control methods for microrobots, with eventually biomedical applications, is also covered in this segment. The third theme discusses the various nanomanipulation strategies that are currently used in biomedicine for cell characterization, injection, fusion and engineering. In-vitro (3D) cell culture has received increasing attention since it has been discovered to provide a better simulation environment of in-vivo cell growth. Nowadays, the rapid progress of robotic technology paves a new path for the highly controllable and flexible 3D cell assembly. One chapter in this segment discusses the applications of micro-nano robotic techniques for 3D cell culture using engineering approaches. Because cell fusion is important in numerous biological events and applications, such as tissue regeneration and cell reprogramming, a chapter on robotic-tweezers cell manipulation system to achieve precise laser-induced cell fusion using optical trapping has been included in this volume. Finally, the segment ends with a chapter on the use of novel MEMS-based characterization of micro-scale tissues instead of mechanical characterization for cell lines studies.Volume 3, Image-guided Surgical Procedures and Interventions, focuses on several aspects ranging from understanding the challenges and opportunities in this domain, to imaging technologies, to image-guided robotic systems for clinical applications. The volume includes several contributions in the area of imaging in the areas of X-Ray fluoroscopy, CT, PET, MR Imaging, Ultrasound imaging, and optical coherence tomography. Ultrasound-based diagnostics and therapeutics as well as ultrasound-guided planning and navigation are also included in this volume in addition to multi-modal imaging techniques and its applications to surgery and various interventions. The application of multi-modal imaging and fusion in the area of prostate biopsy is also covered. Imaging modality compatible robotic systems, sensors and actuator technologies for use in the MRI environment are also included in this work., as is the development of the framework incorporating image-guided modeling for surgery and intervention. Finally, there are several chapters in the clinical applications domain covering cochlear implant surgery, neurosurgery, breast biopsy, prostate cancer treatment, endovascular interventions, neurovascular interventions, robotic capsule endoscopy, and MRI-guided neurosurgical procedures and interventions.Volume 4, Rehabilitation Robotics, is dedicated to the state-of-the-art of an emerging interdisciplinary field where robotics, sensors, and feedback are used in novel ways to relearn, improve, or restore functional movements in humans. This volume attempts to cover a number of topics relevant to the field. The first section addresses an important activity in our daily lives: walking, where the neuromuscular system orchestrates the gait, posture, and balance. Conditions such as stroke, vestibular deficits, or old age impair this important activity. Three chapters on robotic training, gait rehabilitation, and cooperative orthoses describe the current works in the field to address this issue. The second section covers the significant advances in and novel designs of soft actuators and wearable systems that have emerged in the area of prosthetic lower limbs and ankles in recent years, which offer potential for both rehabilitation and human augmentation. These are described in two chapters. The next section addresses an important emphasis in the field of medicine today that strives to bring rehabilitation out from the clinic into the home environment, so that these medical aids are more readily available to users. The current state-of-the-art in this field is described in a chapter. The last section focuses on rehab devices for the pediatric population. Their impairments are life-long and rehabilitation robotics can have an even bigger impact during their lifespan. In recent years, a number of new developments have been made to promote mobility, socialization, and rehabilitation among the very young: the infants and toddlers. These aspects are summarized in two chapters of this volume.
Download or read book BioElectroMagnetics written by Riadh Habash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-04 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an educational resource of evolving scientific knowledge in the area of bioelectromagnetics that may serve the interests of students and decision-makers, as well as society as a whole. It is distinguished by extensive descriptions of fundamental biophysical concepts and their relevance to human health. Reflecting the transdisciplinary approach from several different intellectual streams including physics, biology, epidemiology, medicine, environment, risk science, and engineering, the book is quite a venture into the battling studies to assess the latest research on health effects and biomedical applications of EM energy. This new edition of the book particularly looks at the potential threats from the emerging 5G wireless networks, which will deploy large numbers of low-powered smartphones, notebooks, tablets, radio access networks, and other transmitters. Features Introduces necessary biophysical principles of EM fields in the context of their interaction with living systems. Strengthens understanding of cutting-edge research on several major areas in the broad area of bioelectromagnetics. Presents safety standards and guidelines for human exposure to EM fields. Discusses techniques that have been developed to ensure adequate EM-thermal dosimetry required for both health effects and biomedical applications. Provides insight into the determinants of EM health risk assessment and public concerns. Includes extensive reference list at the end of each chapter to enhance further study. Riadh Habash is a special appointment professor and McLaughlin Research Chair in Electromagnetic Fields and Health at the University of Ottawa, Canada. He has been the recipient of many awards, including the National Wighton Fellowship Award, and has authored or co-authored over 90 research articles, six books, and five book chapters. His most recent books are Green Engineering in 2017 and Professional Practice in 2019 (CRC Press), with the remaining previous books targeting the area of bioelectromagnetics.
Download or read book Biomechatronics in Medical Rehabilitation written by Shane (S.Q.) Xie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the key technologies in developing biomechatronic systems for medical rehabilitation purposes. It includes a detailed analysis of biosignal processing, biomechanics modelling, neural and muscular interfaces, artificial actuators, robot-assisted training, clinical setup/implementation and rehabilitation robot control. Encompassing highly multidisciplinary themes in the engineering and medical fields, it presents researchers’ insights into the emerging technologies and developments that are being utilized in biomechatronics for medical purposes. Presenting a detailed analysis of five key areas in rehabilitation robotics: (i) biosignal processing; (ii) biomechanics modelling; (iii) neural and muscular interfaces; (iv) artificial actuators and devices; and (v) the use of neurological and muscular interfaces in rehabilitation robots control, the book describes the design of biomechatronic systems, the methods and control systems used and the implementation and testing in order to show how they fulfil the needs of that specific area of rehabilitation. Providing a comprehensive overview of the background of biomechatronics and details of new advances in the field, it is especially useful for researchers, academics and graduates new to the field of biomechatronics engineering, and is also of interest to researchers and clinicians in the medical field who are not engineers.
