Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of First row Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysts written by Bas Venderbosch and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Homogeneous Photocatalysis written by M. Chanon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-03-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis and related processes occupy a strategic position for the future of photochemistry. This volume provides an introduction to basic concepts and explains how applications work at the molecular level.

Download or read book Non Noble Metal Catalysis written by Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert overview of current research, applications, and economic and environmental advantages The study and development of new homogeneous catalysts based on first-row metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) has grown significantly due to the economic and environmental advantages that non-noble metals present. Base metals offer reduced cost, greater supply, and lower toxicity levels than noble metals?enabling greater opportunity for scientific investigation and increased development of practical applications. Non-Noble Metal Catalysis provides an authoritative survey of the field, from fundamental concepts and computational methods to industrial applications and reaction classes. Recognized experts in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the conceptual and practical aspects of non-noble metal catalysts. Examination of topics including non-innocent ligands, proton-coupled electron transfer, and multi-nuclear complexes provide essential background information, while areas such as kinetic lability and lifetimes of intermediates reflect current research and shifting trends in the field. This timely book demonstrates the efficacy of base metal catalysts in the pharmaceutical, fine-chemical, and agrochemical industries, addressing both environmental and economic concerns. Providing essential conceptual and practical exploration, this valuable resource: -Illustrates how unravelling new reactivity patterns can lead to new catalysts and new applications -Highlights the multiple advantages of using non-noble metals in homogenous catalysis -Demonstrates how the availability of non-noble metal catalysis reduces costs and leads to immense savings for the chemical industry -Reveals how non-noble metal catalysis are more sustainable than noble metals such as palladium or platinum Non-Noble Metal Catalysis: Molecular Approaches and Reactions is an indispensable source of up-to-date information for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, industrial chemists, organometallic chemists, and those seeking to broaden their knowledge of catalytic chemistry.

Download or read book Homogeneous Transition metal Catalysis written by Christopher Masters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soluble catalysts are used extensively in many branches of chemistry and are indeed a vital constituent of many natural processes. They find wide application throughout the chemical industry where they assist in the production of several million tonnes of chemicals each year. Since homogeneous systems, especially those incorporating transition metals, often function effectively under milder conditions than their heterogeneous counterparts, they are becoming increasingly important at a time when the chemical industry in particular, and society in general, is seeking ways of conserving energy and of making the best possible use of available resources. My principal objective in- writing this book is to engender sufficient enthusiasm for, and knowledge of, the subject in the reader that he or she will be encouraged to begin, or continue, to make their own contribution to advancing our knowledge of homogeneous catalysis. After attempting to acquaint the reader with some of the ground rules I have tried to describe the present scope, and the future potential, of this fascinating field of chemistry by drawing both on academic and on industrial data sources. This approach stems from a personal conviction that future progress could be considerably hastened by a more meaningful dialogue between chemists working both in industrial and in academic research institutions. Wherever possible, examples of the commercial application of homogeneous catalyst systems have been included and no attempt has been made in any way to disguise the many unresolved questions and exciting challenges which still pervade this rapidly developing area.

Download or read book Cobalt Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkenes written by Hongyu Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metal-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions represent one of the cornerstones in homogeneous catalysis. The asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules is an atom-economical method for the synthesis of enantio-enriched compounds and is of particular interest to the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemical industries. Catalysts based on second- and third-row transition metals, including rhodium, iridium and ruthenium, have been intensively studied in the past five decades and applied widely in industries. Thorough mechanistic studies have been carried out, facilitating catalyst designs and process optimizations. There has been a growing interest in developing relatively Earth abundant, 3d transition metal hydrogenation catalysts based on manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel as alternatives to 4d and 5d transition metals owing to their reduced cost, uninterrupted supply chains and relatively lower toxicity. First-row metals have kinetically and thermodynamically accessible oxidation states separated by one-electrons, which offers opportunities for catalyst designs with new reaction mechanisms. Despite recent progress, the understandings of catalyst speciation upon in situ activation are still limited. Elucidating the coordination chemistry, oxidation states and spin states of active catalysts is of fundamental importance to inform catalyst designs and improve the catalytic performance of first-row metals.In this dissertation, the synthesis, characterization and mechanistic studies of a host of cobalt catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of carbon?carbon double bonds will be introduced. In particular, cobalt catalysts supported by chiral bidentate phosphine ligands have been identified as a ?privileged? class of catalysts and will be the focus of this dissertation.The cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation affording the epilepsy medication, levetiracetam, has been developed and applied to a 200-gram, pilot scale hydrogenation. The unique stability and high activity of reduced cobalt catalysts in protic solvents represent major advances for first-row alkene hydrogenation catalysts. The reaction mechanisms of enamide asymmetric hydrogenation with the formally cobalt(0) catalysts were investigated by experimental and computational methods. The enantioselectivity originates from the different reactivity of a pair of diastereomeric bis(phosphine)cobalt(0)?enamide complexes with H2. The cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ?, ?-unsaturated carboxylic acids with unusual homolytic H2 cleavage has been achieved, affording chiral acid products including Naproxen, Flurbiprofen and an L-DOPA precursor. The reactions between bis(phosphine)cobalt(II) dialkyl precatalysts and alcohols have been investigated and the bis(phosphine)Co(II) alkoxide products remained catalytically active. A cobalt-promoted methanol dehydrogenation reaction was also studied. The long-sought-after cobalt analogs of Schrock-Osborn type rhodium catalysts have been synthesized and characterized. A cationic bis(phosphine)cobalt(I) arene catalyst was discovered to be highly active for the asymmetric hydrogenation affording the type 2 diabetes medication, Sitagliptin. The ligand substitution of bis(phosphine)cobalt(0)(diene) catalysts was investigated using kinetic methods establishing a dissociative substitution mechanism. Solid state parameters and electronic structure studies imply their alternative assignment as bis(phosphine)cobalt(II) metallacyclopropane, providing a rationale for the unique protic stability. A family of cobalt precatalysts supported by the bis(phosphine), (R,R)-BenzP*, has been synthesized and characterized. The magnetic properties of dimeric bis(phosphine)Co(I)monochloride precatalysts have also been elucidated.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Electrochemistry written by Marc Robert and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies on the Combination of Enamine and Transition Metal Catalysis written by Jeffrey Francis Van Humbeck and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Organometallic Chemistry written by Pedro J. Perez and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, Volume 70, contains authoritative review articles of worldwide known researchers in the field of organometallic chemistry. This longstanding serial is known for its comprehensive coverage of topics in organometallic synthesis, reactions, mechanisms, homogeneous catalysis, and more. It is ideal for a wide range of researchers involved in organometallic chemistry, including synthetic protocols, mechanistic studies and practical applications. Topics of note in this new release include Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Catalyzed by Organometallic Complexes, Single-electron Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis, Recent advances in catalytic hydrosilylation of carbonyl groups mediated by well-defined first-row late transition metals, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field of organometallic chemistry Covers topics in organometallic synthesis, reactions, mechanisms, homogeneous catalysis, and more Informs and updates readers on the latest developments in the field Carefully edited to provide easy-to-read material

Download or read book Handbook of Biofuels Production written by Rafael Luque and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Biofuels Production, Second Edition, discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage. Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels production plants. The book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technology. Key changes for this second edition include increased coverage of emerging feedstocks, including microalgae, more emphasis on by-product valorization for biofuels’ production, additional chapters on emerging biofuel production methods, and discussion of the emissions associated with biofuel use in engines. The editorial team is strengthened by the addition of two extra members, and a number of new contributors have been invited to work with authors from the first edition to revise existing chapters, thus offering fresh perspectives. Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies being used for biofuel production Discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage Reviews the production of both first and second generation biofuels Addresses integrated biofuel production in biorefineries and the use of waste materials as feedstocks

Download or read book Application of Transition Metal Catalysts in Organic Synthesis written by L. Brandsma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous catalysis is an important strategy for the synthesis of high-valued chemicals. L. Brandsma has carefully selected and checked the experimental procedures illustrating the catalytic use of copper, nickel, and palladium compounds in organic synthesis. All procedures are on a preparative scale, make economic use of solvents and catalysts, avoid toxic substances and have high yields.

Download or read book Mechanistic Studies for Catalytic Transformation of Small Oxygenates on Transition Metals written by Suyash Singh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, heterogeneous catalysis has played a central role in the development of efficient chemical processes for the conversion of fossil resources to fuels and chemicals, and identification of new, sustainable routes to upgrade renewable carbon sources that minimize the ecological footprint. More recently, unprecedented advances in electronic structure theory and related computational methods have provided a major thrust to the efforts that utilize density function theory (DFT) calculations for developing fundamental atomic-level understanding of these processes, and subsequently designing new and improved catalysts. In this dissertation, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is presented to study the reaction mechanisms for the catalytic conversion of formic acid (FA) and propylene oxide on transition metals. An iterative methodology comprising of DFT calculations, reaction kinetics measurements, and mean-field microkinetic modeling is employed to determine the nature of active sites on supported catalysts, explain the experimentally observed trends, and obtain predictions for the surface environment under reaction conditions. A detailed analysis of the DFT derived thermochemistry and kinetics parameters over a wide range of transition metal surfaces is performed to identify the key reactivity descriptors for FA decomposition on transition metal catalysts, and develop semi-empirical linear correlations that are then used to develop a microkinetic modeling based framework for the identification and design of improved (active and selective) bimetallic alloy catalysts. Finally, the possible utilization and applications of these methods and ideas in other key chemical transformations are proposed, and suggestions for future work are included.

Download or read book Theoretical Aspects of Transition Metal Catalysis written by Gernot Frenking and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metal catalysis belongs to the most important chemical research areas because a ubiquitous number of chemical reactions are catalyzed by transition metal compounds. Many efforts are being made by industry and academia to find new and more efficient catalysts for chemical processes. Transition metals play a prominent role in catalytic research because they have been proven to show an enormous diversity in lowering the activation barrier for chemical reactions. For many years, the search for new catalysts was carried out by trial and error, which was costly and time consuming. The understanding of the mechanism of the catalytic process is often not very advanced because it is difficult to study the elementary steps of the catalysis with experimental techniques. The development of modern quantum chemical methods for calculating possible intermediates and transition states was a breakthrough in gaining an understanding of the reaction pathways of transition metal catalyzed reactions. This volume, organized into eight chapters written by leading scientists in the field, illustrates the progress made during the last decade. The reader will obtain a deep insight into the present state of quantum chemical research in transition metal catalysis.

Download or read book Empowering the Base Metals written by Jeffrey Camacho Bunquin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbon-soluble, low-coordinate, phosphoranimide-supported complexes of the base metals (iron, cobalt and nickel) were developed and evaluated for a range of stoichiometric and catalytic bond-forming and bond-breaking transformations. An unprecedented family of tetrametallic clusters of Co(I) and Ni(I), with formula [M(NPtBu3)]4, was synthesized in high yields and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis and by solution-phase magnetic susceptibility measurements. These ancillary-ligand-free clusters exhibit high room-temperature magnetic susceptibility and are structurally unique; each metal center in the coplanar, tetranuclear core is linear, two-coordinate. A rare homoleptic, mononuclear, three-coordinate Co(III) d6 complex [Co(NPtBu3)3] was also synthesized in high yield and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray analysis. The ancillary ligand-free "surface-mimetic" clusters constitute a new class of high-activity homogeneous catalysts for room-temperature hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of polar and nonpolar unsaturates. Both clusters hydrogenate unactivated and sterically hindered alkenes and alkynes to the corresponding alkanes (1 atm H2). These clusters also hydrosilylate a range of functionalized aldehydes and ketones, utilizing a diverse scope of organosilyl hydride reagents. Radical clock hydrosilylation studies revealed differences in the mechanistic behavior of the isostructural Co(I) and Ni(I) clusters: the cobalt catalyst functions through a non-radical mechanism while nickel catalyst shows contributions from radical-type pathway(s). More importantly, both Co(I) and Ni(I) clusters are high-activity catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of carbon-heteroatom bonds under remarkably mild conditions (90-150 °C, 1 atm H2). Both clusters constitute the very first set of homogeneous, first-row transition metal catalysts for the mild-condition hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene derivatives. The tetranuclear clusters also activate C-O bonds in symmetrical and unsymmetrical aryl ethers and dibenzofuran-type substrates, producing aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols. In some preliminary experiments, the Ni(I) cluster and the mononuclear Co(III) complex were shown active for the hydrogenolysis of C-N bond in neutral and basic aromatic nitrogenous substrates. Results of hydrogenolysis studies show catalyst selectivity for the direct hydrogenolysis of CarylX bonds (X = S, O, N) with complete suppression of aromatic ring hydrogenation pathways. Lastly, the both Co(I) and Ni(I) clusters effect the deoxygenation of a range of functionalized carbonyl substrates, producing unique mixtures of hydrocarbons under mild hydrosilylation conditions.

Download or read book Pincer Compounds written by David Morales-Morales and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pincer Compounds: Chemistry and Applications offers valuable state-of-the-art coverage highlighting highly active areas of research—from mechanistic work to synthesis and characterization. The book focuses on small molecule activation chemistry (particularly H2 and hydrogenation), earth abundant metals (such as Fe), actinides, carbene-pincers, chiral catalysis, and alternative solvent usage. The book covers the current state of the field, featuring chapters from renowned contributors, covering four continents and ranging from still-active pioneers to new names emerging as creative strong contributors to this fascinating and promising area. Over a decade since the publication of Morales-Morales and Jensen’s The Chemistry of Pincer Compounds (Elsevier 2007), research in this unique area has flourished, finding a plethora of applications in almost every single branch of chemistry—from their traditional application as very robust and active catalysts all the way to potential biological and pharmaceutical applications. Describes the chemistry and applications of this important class of organometallic and coordination compounds Includes contributions from global leaders in the field, featuring pioneers in the area as well as emerging experts conducting exciting research on pincer complexes Highlights areas of promising and active research, including small molecule activation, earth abundant metals, and actinide chemistry

Download or read book Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-27 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions, a volume in the Advances Homogeneous in Catalysis series, covers oxidation and hydrogenation reactions in detail. Split into two sections, the first is devoted to various homogeneous oxidation processes, such as oxidation of olefins, phenols, and aromatic acids. The second presents homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, and olefins. Relevant reactor design, industrial case studies, economic analysis and environmental issues of both oxidation and hydrogenation homogeneous reactions are considered. This book will be of particular interest and benefit to catalysts users, manufacturers, and creators. Includes fundamentals, reactor design and process description of oxidation homogeneous reactions Describes various oxidation homogeneous reactions Explains oxidation economic and environmental challenges

Download or read book Tailored Metal Catalysts written by Y. Iwasawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1985-12-31 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well tailored metal catalysts are catalysts of the new generation resulting from scientific development at the boundary between homogeneous and hetero­ geneous chemistry. The main factors involved in making tailored metal catalysts are not those of traditional impregnation in which the chemistry is in general unknown and ill-defined, or of simple ion exchange which involves long-range forces with little control on the local structure through definite and special bond direction. Tailored Metal Catalysts thus has a rather different emphasis from normal review publications in the field of catalysis. Here we concentrate more on the distinct surface chemistry and catalytic properties of important established materials with well-characterized active structures or precursors, although at the same time providing a systematic presentation of relevant data. Many pioneering works have been undertaken in the field of tailored metal catalysts since the early research on polymer-attached homogeneous metal complexes by the British Petroleum Company Ltd. and the Mobil Oil Corpora­ tion around 1969; transition metal complexes attached on polymers by Grubbs (1971), Heinemann (1971), Manassen (1971), Pittman (1971), Bursian et al. (1972), Kagan (1973), Bailar (1974); transition metal complexes attached on inorganic oxides by Allum et al. (1972), Ballard (1973), Candlin and Thomas (1974), Murrell (1974), Yermakov (1974); metal carbonyls/polymers by Moffat (1970); metal carbonyls/inorganic oxides by Parkyns (1965), Davie et al. (1969), Banks et al. (1969), Howe (1973), Burwell (1975); metal carbonyl clusters/ polymers by Colhnan (1972); metal carbonyl clusters/inorganic oxides by Robertson and Webb (1974), Anderson (1974), Smith et al. (1975).

Download or read book Homogeneous Transition metal Catalysis written by Christopher. Masters and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-12-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soluble catalysts are used extensively in many branches of chemistry and are indeed a vital constituent of many natural processes. They find wide application throughout the chemical industry where they assist in the production of several million tonnes of chemicals each year. Since homogeneous systems, especially those incorporating transition metals, often function effectively under milder conditions than their heterogeneous counterparts, they are becoming increasingly important at a time when the chemical industry in particular, and society in general, is seeking ways of conserving energy and of making the best possible use of available resources. My principal objective in· writing this book is to engender sufficient enthusiasm for, and knowledge of, the subject in the reader that he or she will be encouraged to begin, or continue, to make their own contribution to advancing our knowledge of homogeneous catalysis. After attempting to acquaint the reader with some of the ground rules I have tried to describe the .present scope, and the future potential, of this fascinating field of chemistry by drawing both on academic and on industrial data sources. This approach stems from a personal conviction that future progress could be considerably hastened by a more meaningful dialogue between chemists working both in industrial and in academic research institutions. Wherever possible, examples of the commercial application of homogeneous catalyst systems have been included and no attempt has been made in any way to disguise the many unresolved questions and exciting challenges which still pervade this rapidly developing area.