Download or read book Mechanistic Modeling of the High Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction on Ferrochrome written by John Slocum Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ?Pub Inc This dissertation consists of investigations on ferrochrome, copper promoted ferrochrome, and gold on ferrochrome. The first investigation involved the examination of reaction mechanisms for water-gas shift over ferrochrome catalysts under high temperature operation. Mechanisms were developed to represent the two primary mechanism types presented in literature, namely the regenerative and associative mechanisms. Both mechanism types have been suggested within the literature based on the fit of rate expressions derived from them, and experimental characterizations have provided support for both mechanisms. Mechanistic kinetic modeling was performed and comparisons to experimentally available information were made between each of the mechanisms considering both mechanistic parameters and predicted behavior under reaction conditions. A combined mechanism was additionally proposed to provide both mechanistic pathways, and comparisons to each of the individual mechanisms were made. The results of the mechanistic kinetic modeling suggest that an associative mechanism does not accurately describe water-gas shift. Both the regenerative and combined mechanisms yield quantitatively and qualitatively similar predictions. The observations made during the mechanistic kinetic modeling were then used to develop a computational chemistry model of the active site for water-gas shift over ferrochrome. Cluster models representing potential active sites of the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of magnetite were generated and compared using the enthalpy of localization for the surface oxygen species as a selection criterion. The cluster developed from the (111) surface showed the best qualitative agreement to the regenerative and combined mechanisms, suggesting the (111) surface of magnetite may be catalytically active. The combined mechanism as formulated for the mechanistic kinetic modeling of an unpromoted ferrochrome catalyst was then fit to experimental data generated for a copper promoted ferrochrome catalyst. While copper has been shown in the past to be an effective promoter for ferrochrome water-gas shift catalysts, the method of promotion is still unclear. The mechanistic kinetic study of a copper promoted ferrochrome catalyst suggested that copper acts as a substitutional promoter, modifying key parameters within the mechanistic model. The changes in the kinetic parameters caused by copper in the combined mechanistic model mirror predictions made using a "virtual" catalyst developed from the mechanistic model for an unpromoted ferrochrome. Finally, an experimental study of the preparation and performance of gold promoted low temperature ferrochrome catalysts was underataken. The key to active gold catalysts lies in the size of gold particles supported on the surface of the catalyst. The investigation of nanoparticles preparation techniques and their eventual attachment onto a ferrochrome support suggested that while monodisperse gold can be synthesized, the attachment onto the catalyst surface generates agglomerated clusters that are catalytically inactive. Traditional deposition-precipitation techniques yielded active low temperature catalysts. These catalysts were evaluated kinetically, and a rate expression for low temperature water-gas shift was developed. They were observed to deactivate appreciably under reaction conditions, and this aspect of their performance was also quantified.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling the Water gas Shift Reaction written by Walter Francis Podolski and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen and Syngas Production and Purification Technologies written by Ke Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems
Download or read book Water Gas Shift Reaction written by Panagiotis Smirniotis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Gas Shift Reaction: Research Developments and Applications outlines the importance of hydrogen as a future fuel, along with the various hydrogen production methods. The book explains the development of catalysts for Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction at different temperatures and steam/CO ratios, and also discussing the effect of different dopants on the WGS activity of iron oxide and the promotion and inhibition roles of the dopants on the WGS activity of iron oxide are explained. In addition, the book describes extensive characterization of modified ferrite catalysts, especially with Mossbauer spectroscopy and its advantage in understanding properties of metal doped ferrite catalysts, the exact dopant location, and its effect on electron hopping capability and WGS activity of Fe redox couple. Outlines the importance of the Water Gas Shift Reaction and its application for hydrogen production Provides detailed information on potential catalysts, their development, and their pros and cons, giving the reader insights on how modified ferrite catalysts work at different temperatures and different steam to CO ratios Reviews hydrogen technology, its current importance, and production methods Presents a clear presentation of the topics with many graphics and tables Offers basic and advanced knowledge of catalysts characterization instrumental techniques
Download or read book Catalyst Handbook written by Martyn V. Twigg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between theory and practice. It provides fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis and the practicalities of the catalysts and processes used in producing ammonia, hydrogen and methanol via hydrocarbon steam reforming. It also covers the oxidation reactions in making formaldehyde from methanol, nitric acid from ammonia and sulphuric acid from sulphur dioxide. Designed for use in the chemical industry and by those in teaching, research and the study of industrial catalysts and catalytic processes. Students will also find this book extremely useful for obtaining practical information not available in more conventional textbooks.
Download or read book Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials Processing Energy and Environmental Technologies written by Shijie Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection offers new research findings, innovations, and industrial technological developments in extractive metallurgy, energy and environment, and materials processing. Technical topics included in the book are thermodynamics and kinetics of metallurgical reactions, electrochemical processing of materials, plasma processing of materials, composite materials, ionic liquids, thermal energy storage, energy efficient and environmental cleaner technologies and process modeling. These topics are of interest not only to traditional base ferrous and non-ferrous metal industrial processes but also to new and upcoming technologies, and they play important roles in industrial growth and economy worldwide.
Download or read book Environmental Degradation Causes and Remediation Strategies written by Vinod Kumar and published by Agro Environ Media, Publication Cell of AESA, Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy,. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compliance of this book is helpful for academicians, researchers, students, as well as other people seeking the relevant material in current trends of studies on the topic of environmental degradation.
Download or read book Mammals and Birds as Bioindicators of Trace Element Contaminations in Terrestrial Environments written by Elżbieta Kalisińska and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The population explosion that began in the 1960s has been accompanied by a decrease in the quality of the natural environment, e.g. pollution of the air, water and soil with essential and toxic trace elements. Numerous poisonings of people and animals with highly toxic anthropogenic Hg and Cd in the 20th century prompted the creation of the abiotic environment, mainly in developed countries. However, the system is insufficient for long-term exposure to low concentrations of various substances that are mainly ingested through food and water. This problem could be addressed by the monitoring of sentinels – organisms that accumulate trace elements and as such reflect the rate and degree of environmental pollution. Usually these are long-lived vertebrates – herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous birds and mammals, especially game species. This book describes the responses of the sentinels most commonly used in ecotoxicological studies to 17 trace elements.
Download or read book Structure Property Relations in Nonferrous Metals written by Alan Russell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-07-08 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This junior/senior textbook presents fundamental concepts ofstructure property relations and a description of how theseconcpets apply to every metallic element except iron. Part One of the book describes general concepts of crystalstructure, microstructure and related factors on the mechanical,thermal, magnetic and electronic properties of nonferrous metals,intermetallic compounds and metal matrix composites. Part Two discusses all the nonferrous metallic elements from twoperspectives: First it explains how the concepts presented in PartOne define the properties of a particular metallic element and itsalloys. Second is a description of the major engineering uses ofeach metal. This section features sidebar pieces describingparticular physical property oddities, engineering applications andcase studies. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutionsto all the problems in the book is available from the Wileyeditorial department. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all theproblems in the book is available from the Wiley editorialdepartment.
Download or read book Fuel Cells Technologies for Fuel Processing written by Dushyant Shekhawat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. Chapters written by experts in each area Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter Detailed index Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations
Download or read book Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals written by Gaspar Banfalvi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term “heavy metals” is used as a group name of toxic metals and metalloids (semimetals) causing contaminations and ecotoxicity. In strict chemical sense the density of heavy metals is higher than 5 g/cm3. From biological point of view as microelements they can be divided into two major groups. a. For their physiological function organisms and cells require essential microelements such as iron, chromium (III), cobalt, copper, manganese, molidenium, zinc. b. The other group of heavy metals is toxic to the health or environment. Of highest concern are the emissions of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl. The toxicity of heavy metals is well known at organizational level, while less attention has been paid to their cellular effects. This book describes the toxicity of heavy metals on microorganisms, yeast, plant and animal cells. Other chapters of the book deal with their genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The toxicity of several metals touch upon the aspects of environmental hazard, ecosystems and human health. Among the cellular responses of heavy metals irregularities in cellular mechanisms such as gene expression, protein folding, stress signaling pathways are among the most important ones. The final chapters deal with biosensors and removal of heavy metals. As everybody is eating, drinking and exposed to heavy metals on a daily basis, the spirit of the book will attract a wide audience.
Download or read book Environmental Biotechnology Volume 4 written by K. M. Gothandam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the production of bioplastic from various raw materials and recycling wastewater into useful bioproducts by bacteria. In addition, it also addresses the recent advancement in pest control in rice plants, different methods to analyse genotoxicity on soil samples and the effect of phytocompounds on acrylamide-induced toxicity in Drosophilla. Interestingly, this book also discusses mesoporous silica nanoparticles' role as nanocarrier material for inhibiting the cancer cell, especially breast cancer and various biotechnological applications of marine fungal exopolysaccharides.
Download or read book Alkali Activated Materials written by John L. Provis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a State of the Art Report resulting from the work of RILEM Technical Committee 224-AAM in the period 2007-2013. The Report summarises research to date in the area of alkali-activated binders and concretes, with a particular focus on the following areas: binder design and characterisation, durability testing, commercialisation, standardisation, and providing a historical context for this rapidly-growing research field.
Download or read book Coal Gasification and Its Applications written by David A. Bell and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books
Download or read book Gas Purification written by Arthur L. Kohl and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1985 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simulation and Optimization of Furnaces and Kilns for Nonferrous Metallurgical Engineering written by Chi Mei and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-28 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Simulation and Optimization of Furnaces and Kilns for Nonferrous Metallurgical Engineering" is based on advanced theories and research methods for fluid flow, mass and heat transfer, and fuel combustion. It introduces a hologram simulation and optimization methods for fluid field, temperature field, concentration field, and electro-magnetic field in various kinds of furnaces and kilns. Practical examples and a detailed introduction to methods for simulation and optimization of complex systems are included as well. These new methods have brought significant economic benefits to the industries involved. The book is intended for researchers and technical experts in metallurgical engineering, materials engineering, power and thermal energy engineering, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering. Chi Mei, Jiemin Zhou, Xiaoqi Peng, Naijun Zhou and Ping Zhou are all professors at School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
