Download or read book Mechanistic Modeling of the Effect of Pavement Surface Texture and Roughness on Vehicle Rolling Resistance written by Shabnam Rajaei and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rolling resistance of a vehicle plays an important role in the vehicle's fuel consumption. There are different mechanisms involved in the rolling resistance, namely, vehicle dynamics, tire bending and deformation, and tire tread deformation. Pavement surface profile is one of the factors that influences the rolling resistance and it can be divided into four scales of roughness, mega-, macro- and micro-texture. These scales influence different mechanisms of the rolling resistance. The micro-texture scale, which has the shortest wavelengths (less than 0.5 mm), despite being very important for friction and safety, has a negligible effect on the rolling resistance of the tire. The macro-texture scale, with wavelengths smaller 50 mm, mostly affects the tread deformation and tire bending mechanisms of rolling resistance. The mega-texture scale, which includes both wavelengths within and beyond the tire contact patch (between 50 and 500 mm), affects the vehicle dynamics and suspension system in addition to the tire deformation and bending. The roughness scale consists of any wavelengths larger than 500 mm and therefore mostly affects the deformation in the vehicle's suspension. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of these scales on the vehicle's rolling resistance. For capturing the effect of the full surface profile on rolling resistance a model is required such that it is capable of evaluating all of the mechanisms involved in the rolling resistance. Such a model should include the tire as well as the suspension system of the vehicle. Here, for modeling the deformations within the tire, including tire bending and tread deformation, a full 3D finite element tire model is developed and verified. For investigating the energy dissipation in the vehicle suspension system, the tire model is combined with a quarter-car mechanical model, which is a simplified system of a spring and a dashpot in parallel. After decomposition of the surface profile into the above-mentioned scales, the root mean square or RMS is chosen as a common parameter for surface profile characterization to have a robust comparison of the effect of these scales. The effect of each scale of the profile on the rolling resistance is then evaluated separately using the developed models. For each scale, the effect of profile on the tire as well as the suspension is assessed. Then the effects of different scales are compared with each other. The macro-texture scale is found to mostly affect the tire deformations and have a negligible influence on the suspension system. The effect of mega-texture is found to be considerable, influencing the rolling resistance within the tire more than the vehicle's suspension. The roughness scale, however, affects the suspension system more than the tire. For low values of RMS, all of the scales, regardless of their wavelength, influence the rolling resistance similarly. However, for higher RMS values, the mega-texture shows a higher total rolling resistance than roughness. Although high values of RMS for mega-texture can be related to local events in the road profile, they can influence the rolling resistance noticeably.In addition, a good agreement is found between the developed model and the existing empirical studies for different scales. Moreover, the influences of vehicle operating conditions including applied load, driving velocity, tire temperature, and inflation pressure on the effect of surface profile on rolling resistance are investigated.

Download or read book Pavement Roadway and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020 written by John Harvey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing number of agencies, academic institutes, and governmental and industrial bodies are embracing the principles of sustainability in managing their activities. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an approach developed to provide decision support regarding the environmental impact of industrial processes and products. LCA is a field with ongoing research, development and improvement and is being implemented world-wide, particularly in the areas of pavement, roadways and bridges. Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020 contains the contributions to the International Symposium on Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020 (Davis, CA, USA, June 3-6, 2020) covering research and practical issues related to pavement, roadway and bridge LCA, including data and tools, asset management, environmental product declarations, procurement, planning, vehicle interaction, and impact of materials, structure, and construction. Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020 will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policymakers in academia, industry, and government who are interested in the sustainability of pavements, roadways and bridges.

Download or read book Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction II written by K. Anupam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired from the legacy of the previous four 3DFEM conferences held in Delft and Athens as well as the successful 2018 AM3P conference held in Doha, the 2020 AM3P conference continues the pavement mechanics theme including pavement models, experimental methods to estimate model parameters, and their implementation in predicting pavement performance. The AM3P conference is organized by the Standing International Advisory Committee (SIAC), at the time of this publication chaired by Professors Tom Scarpas, Eyad Masad, and Amit Bhasin. Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction II includes over 111 papers presented at the 2020 AM3P Conference. The technical topics covered include: - rigid pavements - pavement geotechnics - statistical and data tools in pavement engineering - pavement structures - asphalt mixtures - asphalt binders The book will be invaluable to academics and engineers involved or interested in pavement engineering, pavement models, experimental methods to estimate model parameters, and their implementation in predicting pavement performance.

Download or read book Effect of Pavement Condition on Vehicle Operating Costs Including Fuel Consumption Vehicle Durability and Damage to Transported Goods written by Imen Zaabar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measuring Road Roughness and Its Effects on User Cost and Comfort written by Thomas D. Gillespie and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1985 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimating the Effects of Pavement Condition on Vehicle Operating Costs written by Karim Chatti and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.

Download or read book Guide for Pavement Friction written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.

Download or read book Tire pavement Interaction Experimental Measurements and Modeling written by Mohammad O. Al-Assi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an adequate level of skid resistance is essential for the safety of motorists. Previous studies demonstrated that the number of crashes is reduced if pavements have sufficient friction, especially in wet conditions. Adequate pavement friction prevents the vehicle from sliding on the pavement surface and provides the grip needed to maintain control over the vehicle. The first phase of this study investigated experimentally the two major friction mechanisms (i.e., adhesion and hysteresis) that contribute to tire-pavement friction. It is postulated that the adhesion between rubber tires and pavements is highly influenced by the surface free energy. However, there are no previous studies carried out to investigate the adhesion between rubber tires and pavements using the surface free energy. The results demonstrated that adhesion friction can be quantified by measuring the surface free energy components of pavement surface aggregates and rubber materials. There was a fair correlation between the adhesive bond energy and the measured coefficient of friction. Higher adhesion between rubber materials and pavement surface provided higher friction. These results provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of rubber-pavement friction and verification of the relationship between adhesion and friction. In addition, there was a strong correlation between friction and rubber rheological properties. Rubber materials with lower modulus provided higher friction compared to those with higher modulus. These results explain the change in skid resistance with temperature throughout the year. The second phase of this study examined different factors that affect skid resistance of pavement surfaces. These parameters included macrotexture, microtexture, and driving speed. The macrotexture of the pavement is related to aggregate gradation of the mix or surface texture pattern. The microtexture is influenced by the roughness of the aggregate particles and their resistance to abrasion and polishing under traffic. This study proposed a new model that can be used to estimate the skid number at a given speed between 20 mph and 60 mph as a function of both macrotexture and microtexture of pavement surface. This model was developed based on the measured frictional characteristics of field test sections. The proposed model can be used if the full-scale friction tester is not available or cannot be used due to the limited length of the test section (e.g., bridge deck). In addition, the model provides a tool to the pavement engineers to ensure adequate skid resistance at various operation speeds during the mix design stage and before the mix is used in the field. A given mix design can be modified to improve its frictional characteristics at early stage which leads to cost savings often spent on the application of surface treatments. The third phase of this study utilized the close-range photogrammetry (CRP) technique to measure the pavement macrotexture and microtexture. Texture parameters were calculated from the collected and analyzed images of the pavement surface. The results of the CRP texture measurements were compared to standard test methods. The CRP texture measurements had excellent correlation with the standard methods; however, the CRP offers simple and accurate, yet inexpensive alternative to the current methods used to measure surface macrotexture and microtexture. In addition, the CRP texture parameters were incorporated in the Persson friction model to predict skid friction as a function of rubber properties. The results demonstrated excellent correlation between measured and predicted friction. This study greatly simplified the texture parameter calculations needed in the Persson friction model with good accuracy.The last component of this study developed a 3D finite element model to investigate the effect of surface characteristics along with rubber properties on the contact stress between the standard skid test tire and pavement surface. Such simulation provides an in-depth understanding of tire-pavement interaction that would require expensive resources to examine in the field. Study parameters included various coefficient of friction, texture (e.g., smooth, and grooved), tire rolling conditions (fully skidding and free rolling) as well as temperature. The developed 3D FE model of the test tire was first validated with laboratory measurements before it was used to examine the effect of the study parameters on tire-pavement contact stresses. The results of the finite element simulations demonstrated that the stress distribution at the tire-pavement interface is non-uniform with maximum values towards the edges of the tire. These findings were consistent with the wearing pattern of the test tire in the field. In addition, the results also demonstrated that the shear stresses increased with surface friction while there was no significant change in the vertical stresses. The grooved surface exhibited higher vertical and shear stresses compared to pavement with smooth texture. The grooved texture is used to improve skid resistance and reduce the noise of pavement surfaces. In addition, temperature was found to have significant impact on the stresses at the tire-pavement interface. The finite element simulation results agreed with the laboratory and field measurements of pavement friction.

Download or read book Mechanism to Quantify Road Surface Degradation and Its Impact on Rolling Resistance written by Dina Caicedo Parra and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To measure the exact fuel consumption of a vehicle, it is essential to determine the total road load being imparted on it. One of the main methods to calculate road load is by performing a coast-down test. In order to get accurate results, there must be an understanding of the impact that each component has on the vehicle/tire. Rolling resistance is one of the primary forces acting against the motion of the vehicle. The major factors that contribute to rolling resistance losses are tire design and operation, ambient conditions and road design. Current standards tend to assume that the impact of a specific road surface in a coast-down test is a constant parameter. However, after performing multiple coast-down tests in the same track, this will cause the road surface texture to degrade. Even with a small degradation, this will possibly affect the results since the rolling resistance coefficient is increasing as well as the road load affecting the vehicle. This thesis provides a framework for road surface degradation due to coast-down testing during a span of one and a half years. First, an overview of road surface texture and its impact on fuel consumption is introduced. Surface texture is composed by 4 wavelengths, each one affecting in different ways the vehicle/tire interaction. This thesis focuses on the two smallest wavelengths -macrotexture and microtexture. Advantages and disadvantages of different methods for measuring road surface are discussed. Then, experimental data was collected with an optical profilometer in a coast-down track before and after it was repaved. This thesis aims to quantify the degradation that each wavelength experienced and to analyze the data as thorough as possible. Also, additional measurements were collected to study the impact of weather effect in the long run. By assuming a linear degradation, a mathematical model is developed to estimate the surface texture value. With more tight fuel consumption and emission regulations, it is important for automakers to account or model the change in surface texture that impacts coast-down tests and potentially would also impact fuel consumption.

Download or read book Advances in Materials and Pavement Prediction written by Eyad Masad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction contains the papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction (AM3P, Doha, Qatar, 16- 18 April 2018). There has been an increasing emphasis internationally in the design and construction of sustainable pavement systems. Advances in Materials and Pavement Prediction reflects this development highlighting various approaches to predict pavement performance. The contributions discuss links and interactions between material characterization methods, empirical predictions, mechanistic modeling, and statistically-sound calibration and validation methods. There is also emphasis on comparisons between modeling results and observed performance. The topics of the book include (but are not limited to): • Experimental laboratory material characterization • Field measurements and in situ material characterization • Constitutive modeling and simulation • Innovative pavement materials and interface systems • Non-destructive measurement techniques • Surface characterization, tire-surface interaction, pavement noise • Pavement rehabilitation • Case studies Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction will be of interest to academics and engineers involved in pavement engineering.

Download or read book Pavement Roadway and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2024 written by Gerardo W. Flintsch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems Second Edition written by Douglas M. Marshall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 1944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of technological capability, miniaturization, and demand for aerial intelligence is pushing unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into the realm of a multi-billion dollar industry. This book surveys the UAS landscape from history to future applications. It discusses commercial applications, integration into the national airspace system (NAS), System function, operational procedures, safety concerns, and a host of other relevant topics. The book is dynamic and well-illustrated with separate sections for terminology and web- based resources for further information.

Download or read book Pavement Life Cycle Assessment written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing number of agencies, academic institutes, and governmental and industrial bodies are embracing the principles of sustainability in managing their activities and conducting business. Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment contains contributions to the Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment Symposium 2017 (Champaign, IL, USA, 12-13 April 2017) and discusses the current status of as well as future developments for LCA implementation in project- and network-level applications. The papers cover a wide variety of topics: - Recent developments for the regional inventory databases for materials, construction, and maintenance and rehabilitation life-cycle stages and critical challenges - Review of methodological choices and impact on LCA results - Use of LCA in decision making for project selection - Implementation of case studies and lessons learned: agency perspectives - Integration of LCA into pavement management systems (PMS) - Project-level LCA implementation case studies - Network-level LCA applications and critical challenges - Use-phase rolling resistance models and field validation - Uncertainty assessment in all life-cycle stages - Role of PCR and EPDs in the implementation of LCA Pavement Life-Cycle Assessment will be of interest to academics, professionals, and policymakers involved or interested in Highway and Airport Pavements.

Download or read book Tire pavement Contact Force Modeling Investigation of the Tire pavement Interaction Mechanism Phase III Final Report Volume 1 written by Allen C. Eberhardt and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pavement Engineering written by Rajib B. Mallick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavement Engineering will cover the entire range of pavement construction, from soil preparation to structural design and life-cycle costing and analysis. It will link the concepts of mix and structural design, while also placing emphasis on pavement evaluation and rehabilitation techniques. State-of-the-art content will introduce the latest concepts and techniques, including ground-penetrating radar and seismic testing. This new edition will be fully updated, and add a new chapter on systems approaches to pavement engineering, with an emphasis on sustainability, as well as all new downloadable models and simulations.

Download or read book Climate Change Energy Sustainability and Pavements written by Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change, energy production and consumption, and the need to improve the sustainability of all aspects of human activity are key inter-related issues for which solutions must be found and implemented quickly and efficiently. To be successfully implemented, solutions must recognize the rapidly changing socio-techno-political environment and multi-dimensional constraints presented by today’s interconnected world. As part of this global effort, considerations of climate change impacts, energy demands, and incorporation of sustainability concepts have increasing importance in the design, construction, and maintenance of highway and airport pavement systems. To prepare the human capacity to develop and implement these solutions, many educators, policy-makers and practitioners have stressed the paramount importance of formally incorporating sustainability concepts in the civil engineering curriculum to educate and train future civil engineers well-equipped to address our current and future sustainability challenges. This book will prove a valuable resource in the hands of researchers, educators and future engineering leaders, most of whom will be working in multidisciplinary environments to address a host of next-generation sustainable transportation infrastructure challenges. "This book proposes a broad detailed overview of the actual scientific knowledge about pavements linked to climate change, energy and sustainability at the international level in an original multidimensional/multi-effects way. By the end, the reader will be aware of the whole global issues to care about for various pavement technical features around the world, among which the implications of modelling including data collection, challenging resources saving and infrastructures services optimisation. This is a complete and varied work, rare in the domain." Dr. Agnes Jullien Research Director Director of Environmental, Development, Safety and Eco-Design Laboratory (EASE) Department of Development, Mobility and Environment Ifsttar Centre de Nantes Cedex- France “An excellent compilation of latest developments in the field of sustainable pavements. The chapter topics have been carefully chosen and are very well-organized with the intention of equipping the reader with the state-of-the-art knowledge on all aspects of pavement sustainability. Topics covered include pavement Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), pervious pavements, cool pavements, photocatalytic pavements, energy harvesting pavements, etc. which will all be of significant interest to students, researchers, and practitioners of pavement engineering. This book will no doubt serve as an excellent reference on the topic of sustainable pavements.” Dr. Wei-Hsing Huang Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology (IJPRT) and Professor of Civil Engineering National Central University Taiwan

Download or read book The Effect of Roughness of Road Surface on Rolling Resistance written by Warren Russell Spencer and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: