Download or read book Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems written by Adam C. Von Haden and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expansion of agricultural lands to meet the growing demand for bioenergy crops in the United States will affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage. Considering that the reduction of net carbon emissions is a primary goal of biofuels, changes in ecosystem carbon storage will influence the overall efficacy of bioenergy cropping systems (BCS). The overall objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon change in BCS to make better predictions under land use change scenarios. In a two-year study at Arlington, WI, USA (ARL), the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was more favorable in an annual, continuous no-till maize (Zea mays L). system compared to a perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) system. The NECB difference was most notably attributable to greater aboveground litter return rates, lower autotrophic soil respiration, and lower heterotrophic soil respiration in maize compared to switchgrass. Greater litter return in maize was a function of greater aboveground net primary production and management decisions regarding biomass harvest proportion. Annual growth and maintenance respiration of belowground biomass were higher in switchgrass than maize, which likely reflects differences in relative belowground growth rates and life histories (i.e. perennial vs. annual). Notable seasonal juxtapositions in soil temperature and moisture (soil microclimate) were evident between perennial and annual systems, with annual systems showing more extreme fluctuations, but the differences in soil microclimate did not directly explain the observed contrasts in heterotrophic soil respiration between systems. In a five-year study of maize, switchgrass, prairie, and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') bioenergy cropping systems, increases in the aggregate-occluded soil organic carbon fraction were observed only in the poplar system at ARL. At Kellogg Biological Station, MI, USA (KBS), a lower fertility site with sandier soils, decreases in the aggregate-occluded fraction were observed in all systems except for poplar. Changes in the aggregate-occluded fraction were related to litter quality and soil clay content. Overall, these results indicate that litter inputs are an important consideration for all BCS and that perennial cropping systems may not always provide carbon storage benefits over annual cropping systems.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems written by Adam Charles von Haden and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expansion of agricultural lands to meet the growing demand for bioenergy crops in the United States will affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage. Considering that the reduction of net carbon emissions is a primary goal of biofuels, changes in ecosystem carbon storage will influence the overall efficacy of bioenergy cropping systems (BCS). The overall objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon change in BCS to make better predictions under land use change scenarios. In a two-year study at Arlington, WI, USA (ARL), the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was more favorable in an annual, continuous no-till maize (Zea mays L). system compared to a perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) system. The NECB difference was most notably attributable to greater aboveground litter return rates, lower autotrophic soil respiration, and lower heterotrophic soil respiration in maize compared to switchgrass. Greater litter return in maize was a function of greater aboveground net primary production and management decisions regarding biomass harvest proportion. Annual growth and maintenance respiration of belowground biomass were higher in switchgrass than maize, which likely reflects differences in relative belowground growth rates and life histories (i.e. perennial vs. annual). Notable seasonal juxtapositions in soil temperature and moisture (soil microclimate) were evident between perennial and annual systems, with annual systems showing more extreme fluctuations, but the differences in soil microclimate did not directly explain the observed contrasts in heterotrophic soil respiration between systems. In a five-year study of maize, switchgrass, prairie, and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') bioenergy cropping systems, increases in the aggregate-occluded soil organic carbon fraction were observed only in the poplar system at ARL. At Kellogg Biological Station, MI, USA (KBS), a lower fertility site with sandier soils, decreases in the aggregate-occluded fraction were observed in all systems except for poplar. Changes in the aggregate-occluded fraction were related to litter quality and soil clay content. Overall, these results indicate that litter inputs are an important consideration for all BCS and that perennial cropping systems may not always provide carbon storage benefits over annual cropping systems.

Download or read book Quantifying Carbon Exchange in Midwest U S Bioenergy Cropping Systems After Land use Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When land-use was changed from natural ecosystems to tillage-based agroecosystems, terrestrial carbon storage was substantially reduced. To reverse this effect, agroecosystems today must use management practices that allocate significant amounts of carbon into the soil and protect that carbon from mechanisms that cause loss. Cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems are one type of land management that may contribute to carbon storage goals along with providing other ecosystem services. From 2010 to 2012, the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of three potential Midwest cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems - continuous maize (Zea maize L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and hybrid poplar (NM6, Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) - was quantified using a component-based modeling approach. Over the course of the experiment, the research site experienced a wide range of growing season drought conditions that illuminated significant differences between cropping systems. In addition, at the outset of the research project the hybrid poplar stands began showing signs of a defoliating fungus that eventually led to the removal of the hybrid poplar system from the final analysis because of incompatibilities with model structure. Final results showed reductions of ecosystem carbon in maize and maintenance of ecosystem carbon in switchgrass. Carbon removal during harvest was a significant contributor to the reduction of ecosystem carbon in maize and it was hypothesized that the legacy effects of past management and the high initial carbon content of the soil contributed to shifts in ecosystem carbon. A significant difference between the NECB of the two ecosystems was only found in the year without water stress, and the most severe drought conditions greatly increased the variability in NECB. The lack of differences in drought years were attributed to reduced maize harvest with increasing drought severity and increased model uncertainty during the most significant drought conditions. The fact that neither bioenergy cropping system increased carbon storage indicates these systems are not ideal for meeting goals to increase terrestrial carbon storage in Southern Wisconsin, assuming they are managed according to the methods described here.

Download or read book Recarbonization of the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems written by Klaus Lorenz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems is a comprehensive book describing the basic processes of carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems, their contribution to carbon sequestration and implications for mitigating abrupt climate change. This book provides the information on processes, factors and causes influencing carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. Drawing upon most up-to-date references, this book summarizes the current understanding of carbon sequestration processes in forest ecosystems while identifying knowledge gaps for future research, Thus, this book is a valuable knowledge source for students, scientists, forest managers and policy makers.

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Carbon Water Nitrogen Processes and Mechanisms of Agricultural and Forest Ecosystems under Future Climate Change written by Yunpu Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-23 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that agricultural and forest ecosystems are the most important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, and therefore understanding the key processes and potential mechanisms of agricultural and forest ecosystems in response to climate change is critical for accurately estimating the carbon sinks in agriculture and forests. However, the response and adaptation of carbon-water-nitrogen processes in agricultural and forest ecosystems to climate change remain unclear. These knowledge gaps create significant uncertainties in future projections, and fully exploring the potential mechanisms and processes of agriculture and forests to climate change is pivotal to projecting the potential risk of climate change on global grain yield and forest carbon sequestrations.

Download or read book Soil Carbon Stabilization to Mitigate Climate Change written by Rahul Datta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stabilization involves to capturing carbon from the atmosphere and fix it in the forms soil organic carbon stock for a long period of time, it will be present to escape as a greenhouse gas in the form of carbon dioxide. Soil carbon storage is an important ecosystem service, resulting from interactions of several ecological processes. This process is primarily mediated by plants through photosynthesis, with carbon stored in the form of soil organic carbon. Soil carbon levels have reduced over decades of conversion of pristine ecosystems into agriculture landscape, which now offers the opportunity to store carbon from air into the soil. Carbon stabilization into the agricultural soils is a novel approach of research and offers promising reduction in the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This book brings together all aspects of soil carbon sequestration and stabilization, with a special focus on diversity of microorganisms and management practices of soil in agricultural systems. It discusses the role of ecosystem functioning, recent and future prospects, soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, and organic matter in soil carbon stabilization. It also explores carbon transformation in soil, biological management and its genetics, microbial transformation of soil carbon, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), and their role in sustainable agriculture. The book offers a spectrum of ideas of new technological inventions and fundamentals of soil sustainability. It will be suitable for teachers, researchers, and policymakers, undergraduate and graduate students of soil science, soil microbiology, agronomy, ecology, and environmental sciences

Download or read book GlobalSoilMap written by Dominique Arrouays and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system contains contributions that were presented at the 1st GlobalSoilMap conference, held 7-9 October 2013 in Orléans, France. These contributions demonstrate the latest developments in the GlobalSoilMap project and digital soil mapping technology for which the ultimate aim is to produce a high resolution digital spatial soil information system of selected soil properties and their uncertainties for the entire world. GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system aims to stimulate capacity building and new incentives to develop full GlobalSoilMap products in all parts of the world.

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere written by Max Beran and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995-10-20 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Prospects for Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere" held at Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, Scotland, 18-21 July 1994

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Ecosystems written by Klaus Lorenz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive book on basic processes of soil C dynamics and the underlying factors and causes which determine the technical and economic potential of soil C sequestration. The book provides information on the dynamics of both inorganic (lithogenic and pedogenic carbonates) and organic C (labile, intermediate and passive). It describes different types of agroecosystems, and lists questions at the end of each chapter to stimulate thinking and promote academic dialogue. Each chapter has a bibliography containing up-to-date references on the current research, and provides the state-of-the-knowledge while also identifying the knowledge gaps for future research. The critical need for restoring C stocks in world soils is discussed in terms of provisioning of essential ecosystem services (food security, carbon sequestration, water quality and renewability, and biodiversity). It is of interest to students, scientists, and policy makers.

Download or read book Precision Conservation written by Jorge A. Delgado and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision conservation is a reality, and we are moving towards improved effectiveness of conservation practices by accounting for temporal and spatial variability within and off field. This is the first book to cover the application of the principles of precision conservation to target conservation practices across fields and watersheds. It has clearly been established that the 21st century will present enormous challenges, from increased yield demands to climate change. Without improved conservation practices it will not be possible to ensure food security and conservation effectiveness. Readers will appreciate the application of the precision conservation concept to increase conservation effectiveness in a variety of contexts, with a focus on recent advances in technology, methods, and improved results. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.

Download or read book Ecosystem Services and Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological functions and human wellbeing depend on ecosystem services. Among the ecosystem services are provisional (food, feed, fuel, fiber), regulating (carbon sequestration, waste recycling, water cleansing), cultural (aesthetic, recreational, spiritual), and supporting services (soil formation, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling). Many relationships of various degree exist among ecosystem services. Thus, land use and soil management to enhance biospheric carbon sinks for carbon sequestration requires a comprehensive understanding on the effects on ecosystem services. Payments for ecosystem services including carbon pricing must address the relationship between carbon sequestration and ecosystem services to minimize risks of overshoot, and promote sustainable use of land-based carbon sinks for human wellbeing.

Download or read book Soil Carbon Storage written by Brajesh Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Carbon Storage: Modulators, Mechanisms and Modeling takes a novel approach to the issue of soil carbon storage by considering soil C sequestration as a function of the interaction between biotic (e.g. microbes and plants) and abiotic (climate, soil types, management practices) modulators as a key driver of soil C. These modulators are central to C balance through their processing of C from both plant inputs and native soil organic matter. This book considers this concept in the light of state-of-the-art methodologies that elucidate these interactions and increase our understanding of a vitally important, but poorly characterized component of the global C cycle. The book provides soil scientists with a comprehensive, mechanistic, quantitative and predictive understanding of soil carbon storage. It presents a new framework that can be included in predictive models and management practices for better prediction and enhanced C storage in soils.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ecology written by Brian D. Fath and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 4292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundbreaking Encyclopedia of Ecology provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the complete field of ecology, from general to applied. It includes over 500 detailed entries, structured to provide the user with complete coverage of the core knowledge, accessed as intuitively as possible, and heavily cross-referenced. Written by an international team of leading experts, this revolutionary encyclopedia will serve as a one-stop-shop to concise, stand-alone articles to be used as a point of entry for undergraduate students, or as a tool for active researchers looking for the latest information in the field. Entries cover a range of topics, including: Behavioral Ecology Ecological Processes Ecological Modeling Ecological Engineering Ecological Indicators Ecological Informatics Ecosystems Ecotoxicology Evolutionary Ecology General Ecology Global Ecology Human Ecology System Ecology The first reference work to cover all aspects of ecology, from basic to applied Over 500 concise, stand-alone articles are written by prominent leaders in the field Article text is supported by full-color photos, drawings, tables, and other visual material Fully indexed and cross referenced with detailed references for further study Writing level is suited to both the expert and non-expert Available electronically on ScienceDirect shortly upon publication

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems written by B. Mohan Kumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree based production systems abound especially in the tropics. Despite the pervasiveness of such multipurpose “trees-outside-forest” resources, they have not attracted adequate attention in the development paradigms of many nation states. These multispecies production systems impact the ecosystem processes favourably. Yet, our understanding of the diversity attributes and carbon dynamics under agroforestry is not adequate. This book focuses on the role of multispecies production systems involving tree and crop species as a means for carbon sequestration and thereby reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Sixteen chapters organized into three broad sections titled: Measurement and Estimation, Agrobiodiversity and Tree Management, and Policy and Socioeconomic Aspects represent a cross section of the opportunities and challenges in current research and emerging issues in harnessing carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems.

Download or read book Understanding and Fostering Soil Carbon Sequestration written by Cornelia Rumpel and published by Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils are known to be an enormous reservoir of carbon and represent an important and dynamic part of the global carbon cycle. However, this reservoir is under constant threat due to a combination of issues, including mismanagement, climate change and intensive agricultural production which has led to depletion of soil organic carbon. Understanding and fostering soil carbon sequestration reviews the wealth of research on important aspects of soil carbon sequestration, including its potential in mitigating and adapting to climate change and improving global food security. The collection explores our understanding of carbon sequestration in soils, detailing the mechanisms and abiotic factors that can affect the process, as well as the socioeconomic, legal and policy issues that can arise as a result of this use.