Download or read book Models of Action written by Clive D.L. Wynne and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents an international group of researchers who model animal and human behavior--both simple and complex. The models presented focus on such subjects as the pattern of eating in meals and bouts, the energizing and shaping impact of reinforcers on behavior, transitive inferential reasoning, responding to a compound stimulus, avoidance and escape learning, recognition memory, category formation, generalization, the timing of adaptive responses, and chromosomes exchanging information. The chapters are united by a common interest in adaptive behavior--whether of human, animal, or artificial system--and clearly demonstrate the rich variety of ways in which this fascinating area of research can be approached. In so doing, the book demonstrates the range of thought that qualifies as theorizing in the contemporary study of the mechanisms of adaptive behavior. It has two purposes: to bring together a very wide range of approaches in one place and to give authors space to explain how their ideas developed. Journal literature often presents fully-formed theories with no explanation of how an idea came to have the shape in which it is presented. In this volume, however, leaders in different fields provide background on the development of their ideas. Where once psychologists and a few zoologists had this field to themselves, now various types of computer scientists have added great energy to the mix.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Adaptive Behavior written by Clark Leonard Hull and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design for a Brain written by W. Ashby and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE book is not a treatise on aIl cerebral mechanisms but a pro poscd solution of a specific problem: the origin of the nervous system's unique ability to produce adaptive behaviour. The work has as basis the fact that the nervous system behaves adap tively and the hypothesis that it is essentiaIly mechanistic; it proceeds on the assumption that these two data are not irrecon cilable. It attempts to deduce from the observed facts what sort of a mechanism it must be that behaves so differently from any machinc made so far. Other proposed solutions have usuaIly left open the question whether so me different theory might not fit the facts equaIly weIl: I have attempted to deduce what is necessary, what properties the nervous system must have if it is to behave at once mechanisticaIly and adaptively. For the deduction to be rigorous, an adequately developed logic of mechanism is essential. Until recently, discussions of mechan ism were carried on almost entirely in terms of so me particular embodiment-the mechanical, the electronic, the neuronie, and so on. Those days are past. There now exists a weIl-developed logic of pure mechanism, rigorous as geometry, and likely to play the same fundamental part, in our understanding of the complex systems of biology, that geometry does in astronomy. Only by the dcvelopment of this basic logic has thc work in this book been made possible.
Download or read book Adaptive Behavior and Learning written by J. E. R. Staddon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the current state of both theoretical and experimental knowledge about learning in animals.
Download or read book Psychological Adaptive Mechanisms written by Thomas P. Beresford, MD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will demonstrate how to use novel, systematic method for recognizing psychological adaptive mechanisms (known in psychoanalytic theory as ego defenses) in clinical encounters. This clinical method is based in published theoretical and empirical studies of these mechanisms over the past 14 years as well as working with successive classes of mental health trainees of varying disciplines at the University of Colorado. The result is an approach that trainees both apprehend and find useful. This work will offer the mental health disciplines, and even wider audiences, a platform both for 1) clinical use in everyday practice, 2) continuing clinical studies of adaptive psychology as well as 3) direct application of psychological adaptive mechanisms theory in clinical research that will improve the diagnosis and treatment of persons with mental or emotional disorders. This an important empirical model for understanding how humans adapt to the stressful experiences of their lives. They have developmental, biological, and evolutionary significance and all of these will be discussed in the book. Psychological Adaptive Mechanisms are observable behaviors that range on a developmental hierarchy from the Primitive defenses of normal early childhood and of major mental illness in adults, through the Mature defenses of fully functioning adulthood. They also serve to limit and to direct the human anxiety response, giving the "fight or flight" reaction to threat many more than those two classically described behavioral options.These mechanisms are likely transduced by the brain and, in providing wider ranges of adaptive behavior, most probably reflect an evolutionary selection towards greater flexibility of adaptation.
Download or read book Socially Dependent Avoidance Learning written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive and neural mechanisms of adaptive behavior in a psychophysical decision task with asymmetric reinforcement written by Andrea Christina Dietl and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mind Mechanism and Adaptive Behavior written by Clark Leonard Hull and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parental Care Evolution Mechanisms And Adaptive Significance written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-11-18 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the Study of Behavior presents its first thematic volume, focusing on the physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying parental care. The book discusses parental care both within and across taxa, with coverage of invertebrates and early vertebrates, fishes, amphibia, reptiles, mammals, birds, and nonhuman primates. A running theme throughout the chapters shows that parental care is anchored to the ecology, reproductive physiology, and embryonic development of a species. Coverage also includes mechanisms of parental care, including analysis of the stimuli that parents respond to and how parental care is initiated, maintained, and terminated. Individual differences within species are also explored, examining stable differences in maternal style, how they arise, and the consequences for both mother and infant.
Download or read book Psychometrics and Psychological Assessment written by Carina Coulacoglou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychometrics and Psychological Assessment: Principles and Applications reports on contemporary perspectives and models on psychological assessment and their corresponding measures. It highlights topics relevant to clinical and neuropsychological domains, including cognitive abilities, adaptive behavior, temperament, and psychopathology.Moreover, the book examines a series of standard as well as novel methods and instruments, along with their psychometric properties, recent meta-analytic studies, and their cross-cultural applications. Discusses psychometric issues and empirical studies that speak to same Explores the family context in relation to children’s behavioral outcomes Features major personality measures as well as their cross cultural variations Identifies the importance of coping and resilience in assessing personality and psychopathology Examines precursors of aggression and violence for prediction and prevention
Download or read book Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems written by Martin V. Butz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the refereed post-proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems. Twenty full papers were chosen from among the many submissions. Papers are organized into sections covering anticipatory aspects in brains, language, and cognition; individual anticipatory frameworks; learning predictions and anticipations; anticipatory individual behavior; and anticipatory social behavior.
Download or read book Design for a Brain written by W. Ross Ashby and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-26 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2014 Reprint of 1960 Second and Revised Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. W. Ross Ashby was an English psychiatrist and a pioneer in cybernetics, the study of complex systems. His two books, "Design for a Brain" and "An Introduction to Cybernetics," were landmark works. They introduced exact and logical thinking into the nascent discipline and were highly influential. This work begins with the premise that the nervous system behaves adaptively and the hypothesis that it is essentially mechanistic; it assumes that these two data are not irreconcilable. It proceeds by first developing an adequately rigorous logic of mechanism, considering such topics as dynamic systems, stability and homeostasis. It then applies this logic to the behaviors of living organisms, and shows that we may deduce that certain types of behavior must be produced by certain types of mechanism.
Download or read book Adaptive Mechanisms in the Ecology of Vision written by S. Archer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Lythgoe was one of the pioneers of the 'Ecology of Vision', a subject that he ably delineated in his classic and inspirational book published some 20 years ago [1]. At heart, the original book aimed generally to identify inter-relationships between vision, animal behaviour and the environment. John Lythgoe excelled at identifying the interesting 'questions' in the ecology of an animal that fitted the 'answers' presented by an analysis of the visual system. Over the last twenty years, however, since Lythgoe's landmark publication, much progress has been made and the field has broadened considerably. In particular, our understanding of the 'adaptive mechanisms' underlying the ecology of vision has reached considerable depths, extending to the molecular dimension, partly as a result of development and application of new techniques. This complements the advances made in parallel in clinically oriented vision research [2]. The current book endeavours to review the progress made in the ecology of vision field by bringing together many of the major researchers presently active in the expanded subject area. The contents deal with theoretical and physical considerations of light and photoreception, present examples of visual system structure and function, and delve into aspects of visual behaviour and communi cation. Throughout the book, we have tried to emphasise one of the major themes to emerge within the ecology of vision: the high degree of adaptability that visual mechanisms are capable of undergoing in response to diverse, and dynamic, environments and behaviours.
Download or read book Psychological Adaptive Mechanisms written by Thomas P. Beresford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a clinical tool for recognizing, and understanding, human adaptive responses to stress and the anxiety it causes. For use in the here-and-now, the recognition algorithm systematically delineates the observable hierarchy of psychological adaptive mechanisms, known in psychoanalytic theory as ego defenses, established in previous longitudinal research. Based in a theoretical model, it teaches practical, systematic recognition of these mechanisms which are not only helpful to know when seeing a patient but also when observing human behavior in everyday life.
Download or read book From Animals to Animats 2 written by Jean-Arcady Meyer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than sixty contributions in From Animals to Animats 2 byresearchers in ethology, ecology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and related fieldsinvestigate behaviors and the underlying mechanisms that allow animals and, potentially, robots toadapt and survive in uncertain environments. Jean-Arcady Meyer is Director of Research, CNRS, Paris.Herbert L. Roitblat is Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Stewart W.Wilson is a scientist at The Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge,Massachusetts. Topics covered: The Animat Approach to Adaptive Behavior,Perception and Motor Control, Action Selection and Behavioral Sequences, Cognitive Maps and InternalWorld Models, Learning, Evolution, Collective Behavior.
Download or read book Evolution of Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Regulating Adaptive Behavior written by Ashley Lauren O'Connell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All animals must integrate internal and environmental information into an appropriate behavior that ultimately aims to increases fitness. In order to investigate the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying adaptive behavior, I examined the role of neuroendocrine molecules at three distinct levels of biological organization. At the level of the individual, I demonstrate that steroid hormone receptors play distinct roles in modulating adaptive behavior, physiology and brain gene expression in dominant and subordinate African cichlid fish. At the level of the social community, I investigate how the behavior and physiology of one individual can affect the behavior, physiology, and brain gene expression of other community members. I found striking covariance patterns that implicate identifiable neuroendocrine pathways as mediators of specific social signals, establishing an important model to investigate the molecular basis of how behavioral phenotypes spread through communities. Finally, I investigate how the neurochemistry of the five major vertebrate classes has changed in a way that covaries with sensory integration, life history, and mating strategy. To address this question, I have laid an important theoretical framework to study the evolution of behavior as well as establishing neuroanatomical brain homologies across vertebrate lineages. I show that variation in where neurochemicals (dopamine, steroids, neuropeptides) are produced in the brain varies across vertebrates while where signals are received (ie receptors) are conserved, providing a novel theory of social brain evolution. In summary, I use a multidisciplinary approach to study hormonal contributions to the proximate and ultimate mechanisms of social behavior on many levels of biological organization and have contributed important novel insights that have significantly increased our understanding of the evolution of behavior and its neural and molecular underpinnings.
Download or read book Insect Defenses written by David L. Evans and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work takes a fresh, modern approach to investigate and explain the predator and prey relationships of insects and spiders, the major terrestrial fauna on earth. Devoted to broad and in-depth analysis of arthropod defenses against predators, the book's approach is both experimentally and theoretically based with major emphasis on evolution, predator strategies and tactics, and prey defensive adaptations and behaviors. The authors explain such topics as cryptic and aposematic coloration, the conflict between sexual and survival needs, web spider prey choice and evolution of prey counter defenses, predator-prey interactions and the origins of intelligence, bird predatory tactics, and caterpillar defense strategies. Also examined is the use of timing for fitness and survival, evolutionary gamesmanship in the predatory bat-moth relationship, colony defense by aper wasps, startle as a defense by moths, aggregation as a defense, chemicals as defenses, plant chemicals as defenses, and venoms as defenses. The authors illustrate each topic with numerous specific well-documented examples presented in a clear, readable style.
