Download or read book Mechanism of Action of Antieukaryotic and Antiviral Compounds written by Fred E. Hahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Antibiotics I was published in 1967, the teleological view was held by some that" antibiotics" were substances elaborated by certain microorgan isms for the purpose of competing with other microorganisms for survival in mixed ecological environments. However, not only had J. EHRLICH and his associates shown 15 years earlier that chloramphenicol was produced by Strepto myces venezuelae in cultures of sterilized soils but not in parallel cultures of the same soils which were not sterilized, but operationally, the search for anti cancer antibiotics was actively under way (Antibiotics I reporting on numerous such substances), although the concept of antibiosis could not logically justify such undertakings. This editor hesitates to accept the use of the term "antibiotic" for anti microbial agents of non microbiological origins which is sometimes encountered, but neither does he subscribe to the view that antibiotics are in some fundamental manner different from chemotherapeutic substances of other origins. Modes and mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic compounds are not systematic functions of their origins nor of the taxonomical position of the target organisms. Consequently, in the selection of topics for Antibiotics III (published in 1975), synthetic drugs and natural products of higher plants (alkaloids) were represented, along with antibiotics in the strict sense of the definition. We now present Antibiotics V, for whose assembly the same selection criteria were applied as for Antibiotics Ill. The aggregate length of the contributions rendered it impractical to place the entire text between the covers of one book.

Download or read book Mechanism of Action of Antibacterial Agents written by Fred E. Hahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of Antibiotics was published in 1967 and contained a series of review papers on antibiotic actions. The editors, Drs. GOTTLIEB and SHAW, were aware of the rapid development of this field of study and provided a number of addenda in an effort to keep knowledge up to date while the book was in production. One year after the publication of Antibiotics I, this editor had a conference with Dr. KONRAD F. SPRINGER in which it became clear that another volume on actions of antibiotics would be necessary. For a variety of reasons, this was delayed until 1975 and became Antibiotics III. It did not contain addenda since it was recognized by the editors, Drs. CORCORAN and HAHN, that still another volume would have to follow and that in a moving field, such as the study of the actions of antibacterial drugs, no publication can be definitive or remain current, except for a limited period of time. The editors of Volume III grouped the contributions into sections: 1. Inter ference with nucleic acid biosyntheses, 2. Interference with protein biosynthesis, and 3. Interference with cell wall/membrane biosynthesis, specific enzyme sys tems, and those in which the mode of action was not known with certainty.

Download or read book Basic Exercises in Immunochemistry written by A. Nowotny and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biochemistry of Antimicrobial Action written by T. J. Franklin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid advances made in the study of the synthesis, structure and function of biological macromolecules in the last fifteen years have enabled scientists concerned with antimicrobial agents to achieve a considerable measure of understanding of how these substances inhibit cell growth and division. The use of antimicrobial agents as highly specific inhibitors has in turn substantially assisted the investigation of complex biochemical pro cesses. The literature in Ihis field is so extensive however, that we considered an attempt should be made to draw together in an introductory book the more significant studies of recent years. This book, which is in fact based on lec ture courses given by us to undergraduates at Liverpool and Manchester Universities, is therefore intended as an introduction 'to the biochemistry of antimicrobial action for advanced students in many disciplines. We hope that it may also be useful to established scientists who are new to this area of research. The book is concerned with a discussion of medically important antimicro bial compounds and also a number of agents that, although having no medical uses, have proved invaluable as research tools in biochemistry. Our aim has been to esent pr the available information in a simple and readable way, emphasizing the established facts rather than more controversial material. Whenever possible, however, we have indicated the gaps in the present knowledge of the subject where further information is required.

Download or read book Chemotherapy of Viral Infections written by P E. Came and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " . . . the motto for the therapeutics of the future will have to be de sedibus et causis pharmacorum. " P. EHRLICH, 1909 Exciting events in the basic disciplines of virology, immunology, and pharmacology continue to advance the understanding of the pathogenesis and control of virus diseases. At the same time, the rational development of antiviral agents is attracting, to an increasing extent, the interest of workers in other disciplines. Improvements in technology facilitate the definition of potential target sites for antiviral intervention and unmask new viral and host genes. The outcome is a further steady development of new antiviral agents which approach the "magic bullets" first proposed by PAUL EHRLICH. Remarkable advances in protein synthetic methods that yield polypeptides which inhibit active sites of viral proteins have aided substantially in the basic and clinical study of these antiviral agents. In addition, the extremely rapid progression in recombinant DNA techniques, leading to the synthesis of large quantities of gene products, is also increasing our opportunities at a dashing pace. New information and developing technology facilitate research on the mechanism of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of new agents. The list of clinically effective antiviral agents is expanding and the number of potentially useful compounds is growing rapidly. This book is a combined theoretical text and practical manual which, it is hoped, will be of use to all who have an interest in virus diseases, particularly scientists, physicians and graduate students.

Download or read book Modes and Mechanisms of Microbial Growth Inhibitors written by Fred E. Hahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is not certain that the editors of Antibiotics I (1967), Drs. GOTTLffiB and SHAW, fully realized that they were laying the foundation for an entire series of which we present here Vol. VI. For some time to come, this will be the last volume of the Antibiotics series. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the discovery of medicinally useful antibiotics has leveled off, because the number of microbiological products with antimicrobial properties is not infinite. In 1972 some 2500 antibiotic substances were known, of which approximately one per cent are clinically useful. Further search for antibiotics has led to increasing frequency of rediscoveries and drasti cally decreasing frequency of discoveries of new antibiotics. As the search for antibiotics with a standard methodology in conventional ecological niches has exhausted itself, there is a paucity of new and interesting substances on which to undertake modes/mechanisms of action studies. Secondly, the mechanism of action field has come of age and its results are now academic knowledge. This also holds true for synthetic chemothera peutic drugs and becomes the case rapidly for toxic substances with anti-eukar yotic action. The study of mechanisms of action was undertaken for two reasons: one was the basic scientific desire to know how antimicrobial substances inter fered with microbial biochemistry; the second one was the hope that such infor mation would be useful in the premeditated design of synthetic antimicrobials.

Download or read book Protein Biosynthesis in Eukaryotes written by R. Perez-Bercoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biosynthesis written by John W. Corcoran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Series on Antibiotics produced by Springer-Verlag began more than a decade ago with the nearly simultaneous appearance of two volumes, one dealing with the mode of action of antibiotics and the other concerning the biosynthesis of them. The standards set by the original Editors were high, and these books have proved useful to many. The rapid advances in our knowl edge of the mode of action of antibiotics and other antitumor agents has stimu lated two further works in the same series (Volume III, 1975; and Volumes Vj1 and Vj2, 1979). For some time it had appeared to Dr. Konrad Springer that the time might' be ripe' for bringing the subject of the biosynthesis of antibiotics up-to-date. This Editor agreed to survey the literature and discuss this possibility with his colleagues who are active in research on antibiotics. In spite of the appearance of numerous review articles, both of a highly special ized and general nature, on the biosynthesis of antibiotics, it was agreed generally that it would be extremely useful to add a new volume on biosynthesis to the Series. Such a work should focus on collecting a group of contributions dealing with those antibiotics whose biosynthesis is understood in much greater detail now than it was in the middle 1960's. Since Volume II on biosynthesis continues to be available, this addition to the series has not dealt with each and every antibiotic whose biosynthesis was studied long ago.

Download or read book Dictionary of Antibiotics and Related Substances written by Barrie W. Bycroft and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-09 with total page 2117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial and parasitic diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide, according to a report by the London School of Economics. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant "superbugs," like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), traditional antibiotics such as penicillin and its derivatives are in danger of becoming obsolete. In

Download or read book Organ Directed Toxicities of Anticancer Drugs written by Miles P. Hacker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of chemotherapy as an effective means to treat cancer has had a major impact on selected human malignancies. Due to a general inability to dif ferentiate between normal and neoplastic cells, little selectivity exists in currently used oncolytic drugs. Consequently, significant toxicity to the patient is expected when systemic cancer chemotherapy is chosen as an appropriate therapeutic in tervention. Much of this toxicity, such as damage to the bone marrow, gastroin testinal tract, or hair follicles, is predictable based upon the fact that anticancer drugs kill actively dividing cells. These types of toxicities, while serious, are usually manageable and reversible and are, therefore, not often considered to be dose limiting. Unfortunately, several of the most important anticancer drugs also damage tissues in which the growth fraction is relatively small. Such toxicities can not be predicted based on the chemical structure of the drugs, are often not detected in preclinical studies, and are encountered frequently for the first time in clinical studies. Further, unlike most of the proliferative-dependent toxicities, the unpre dicted toxicities are usually irreversible or only partially reversible upon cessation of drug administration. Because of this, the unpredicted toxicities are referred to as dose limiting. They represent a significant barrier to the ultimate efficacy of several of our most important anticancer drugs.

Download or read book Structural and Functional Aspects of Enzyme Catalysis written by H. Eggerer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes perform the executive role in growth, energy conversion, and repair of a living organism. Their activity is adjusted to their en vironment within the cell, being turned off, switched on, or finely tuned by specific metabolites according to demands at the physiologi cal level. Each enzyme discovered in the long history of enzymology has revealed its own individuality. Even closely related members of a family differ in specificity, stability or regulatory properties. Despite these, at first sight overwhelming aspects of individuality, common factors of enzymic reactions have been recognized. Enzymes are stereospecific catalysts even when a nonspecific process would yield the same product. Knowledge of the detailed stereochemistry of an enzymic reaction helps to deduce reaction mechanisms and to ob tain insight into the specific binding of substrates at the active site. This binding close to catalytically competent groups is related to the enormous speed of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The physical ba sis of rate-enhancement is understood in principle and further exploit ed in the design of small organic receptor molecules as model enzymes. These aspects of enzyme catalysis are discussed in Session 1. Session 2 emphasizes the dynamic aspects of enzyme substrate inter action. Substrate must diffuse from solution space to the enzyme's surface. This process is influenced and can be greatly facilitated by certain electrostatic propterties of enzymes. The dynamic events during catalysis are studied by relaxation kinetics or NMR techniques.

Download or read book Disease Metabolism and Reproduction in the Toxic Response to Drugs and Other Chemicals written by P. L. Chambers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Plants II written by Benno Parthier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Specificity in Nucleic Acid Drug Interactions written by A. Pullman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the central problems in the study of the mechanism of DNA-ligand interactions is the existence and nature of sequence specificity with respect to the base pairs of DNA. The presence of such a specificity could be of particular significance because it might possibly mean the involvement of specific genes in the effectiveness of the different drugs. The elucidation of the factors responsible for the specificity could then be important for the development of compounds susceptible to contribute to the control of gene expression and also to the development of rationally conceived, improved new generations of effective and specific chemotherapeutic agents. Important recent achievements, experimental and theoretical, in the analysis of such sequence specificities open prospects for possible rapid progress in this field. The 23rd Jerusalem symposium was devoted to the exploration of these recent achievements in relation to many types of ligand, with special emphasis on antitumor drugs. All major types of interaction, intercalation, groove binding, covalent linking, coordination, have been considered. So was also the effect of the interaction on the structure and properties of the nucleic acids and the relationship between the interaction and biological or pharmacological activities. We feel that this Volume presents a relatively complete up-to-date account of the state of the art in this important field of research.

Download or read book Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals written by D E Hathway and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Download or read book Experimental and Clinical Progress in Cancer Chemotherapy written by Franco M. Muggia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 1, this volume brings to the reader highlights in three different areas of cancer therapeutics: new concepts and models; drug classes; and clinical settings. Topics were chosen because of their timeliness or probable current impact in cancer treatment. Authors were selected on the basis of their ability to provide a critical overview of specific subjects and their involvement in original work. I shall review the aims of this second volume, and then elaborate on the scope of its con tents. The principal aim of the volumes on cancer chemotherapy in the' Cancer Treatment and Research' series, as stated in the preface to the first volume, is to assemble in a concentrated form selected ingredients of chemothera peutic progress. These ingredients are to include concepts in therapeutic strategy, pre-clinical studies, development of major classes of compounds, identificatlon of new directions and of landmarks of clinical progress. Thus we do not foresee overlap with series which provide an yearly update of chemotherapy in an encyclopedic manner, or reviews of cancer chemother apy. Unlike those publications, our volumes are not intended to seek a place in shelves as a reference manual. It is this Editor's hope that persons repre senting various biomedical disciplines will seek the' Cancer Treatment and Research' chemotherapy volumes to survey advances in the field at regular intervals.

Download or read book Dictionary of Food Compounds with CD ROM written by Shmuel Yannai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 2092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing world population, competition for arable land and rich fishing grounds, and environmental concerns mandate that we exploit in a sustainable way the earth’s available plant and animal resources for human consumption. To that end, food chemists, technologists, and nutritionists engage in a vast number of tasks related to food availability, quality, safety, nutritional value, and sensory properties—as well as those involved in processing, storage, and distribution. To assist in these functions, it is essential they have easy access to a collection of information on the myriad compounds found in foods. This is particularly true because even compounds present in minute concentrations may exert significant desirable or negative effects on foods. Includes a foreword by Zdzislaw E. Sikorski, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Editor of the CRC Press Chemical & Functional Properties of Food Components Series. Dictionary of Food Compounds, Second Edition is presented in a user-friendly format in both hard copy and fully searchable downloadable resources. It contains entries describing natural components of food raw materials and products as well as compounds added to foods or formed in the course of storage or processing. Each entry contains the name of the component, the chemical and physical characteristics, a description of functional properties related to food use, and nutritional and toxicological data. Ample references facilitate inquiry into more detailed information about any particular compound. Food Compounds Covered: Natural Food ConstituentsLipids Proteins Carbohydrates Fatty acids Flavonoids Alkaloids Food ContaminantsMycotoxins Food AdditivesColorants Preservatives Antioxidants Flavors NutraceuticalsProbiotics Dietary Supplements Vitamins This new edition boasts an additional 12,000 entries for a total of 41,000 compounds, including 900 enzymes found in food. No other reference work on food compounds is as complete or as comprehensive.