Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Aging Soft Tissues written by Brian Derby and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the structure and mechanics of aging soft tissues, this edited volume presents authoritative reviews from leading experts on a range of tissues including skin, tendons, vasculature and plantar soft tissues. It provides an overview of in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques including state-of-the-art methodologies, as well as focusing on the structural changes that occur within the main components of these tissues resulting in detrimental mechanical property changes. It also highlights the current challenges of this field, and offers an insight into future developments. Age-related changes in the mechanical properties of soft tissues have a profound effect on human morbidity and mortality, and with changing global demographics, there is growing interest in this area. There has been increasing interest in robustly characterizing these mechanical changes to develop structure-property relationships, and growing awareness of the need for enhanced predictive models for computational simulations. This book seeks to address the challenges involved in applying these engineering techniques to reliably characterize these tissues. Focusing on a wide range of tissues and presenting cutting-edge techniques, this book provides an invaluable reference to academics and researchers in a range of disciplines including biomechanics, materials science, tissue engineering, life sciences and biomedicine.

Download or read book Estimation of Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Subjected to Dynamic Impact written by Mohamed R. S. Amar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomechanics of Soft Tissue in Cardiovascular Systems written by Gerhard A. Holzapfel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is written by leading experts in the field presenting an up-to-date view of the subject matter in a didactically sound manner. It presents a review of the current knowledge of the behaviour of soft tissues in the cardiovascular system under mechanical loads, and the importance of constitutive laws in understanding the underlying mechanics is highlighted. Cells are also described together with arteries, tendons and ligaments, heart, and other biological tissues of current research interest in biomechanics. This includes experimental, continuum mechanical and computational perspectives, with the emphasis on nonlinear behaviour, and the simulation of mechanical procedures such as balloon angioplasty.

Download or read book Mechanical Behavior of Tissue Simulants and Soft Tissues Under Extreme Loading Conditions written by Zeynep Ilke Kalcioglu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in computer-integrated surgery and in tissue-engineered constructs necessitate advances in experimental and analytical techniques in characterizing properties of mechanically compliant materials such as gels and soft tissues, particularly for small sample volumes. One goal of such developments is to quantitatively predict and mimic tissue deformation due to high rate impact events typical of industrial accidents and ballistic insults. This aim requires advances in mechanical characterization to establish tools and design principles for tissue simulant materials that can recapitulate the mechanical responses of hydrated soft tissues under dynamic contact-loading conditions. Given this motivation, this thesis studies the mechanical properties of compliant synthetic materials developed for tissue scaffold applications and of soft tissues, via modifying an established contact based technique for accurate, small scale characterization under fully hydrated conditions, and addresses some of the challenges in the implementation of this method. Two different engineered material systems composed of physically associating block copolymer gels, and chemically crosslinked networks including a solvent are presented as potential tissue simulants for ballistic applications, and compared directly to soft tissues from murine heart and liver. In addition to conventional quasistatic and dynamic bulk mechanical techniques that study macroscale elastic and viscoelastic properties, new methodologies are developed to study the small scale mechanical response of the aforementioned material systems to concentrated impact loading. The resistance to penetration and the energy dissipative constants are quantified in order to compare the deformation of soft tissues and mechanically optimized simulants, and to identify the underlying mechanisms by which the mechanical response of these tissue simulant candidates are modulated. Finally, given that soft tissues are biphasic in nature, atomic force microscopy enabled load relaxation experiments are utilized to develop approaches to distinguish between poroelastic and viscoelastic regimes, and to study how the anisotropy of the tissue structure affects elastic and transport properties, in order to inform the future design of tissue simulant gels that would mimic soft tissue response.

Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Human Tissues written by Arnab Chanda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-05-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph brings forth biomechanical research methods and outcomes on human tissue experiments such as those of the brain and the heart under a single umbrella. Different mechanical characterization techniques employed in human tissue property estimation are presented in detail. The contents also focus on a hyperelastic constitutive model (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden) for both isotropic and anisotropic tissue characterization. It also discusses energy dissipation in soft tissues and associated viscoelasticity. Human tissues, including skin, muscles, connective tissues, and tissues in all functional organs are listed and their mechanical properties are presented in detail. These tissue properties are indispensable for computational modeling of biological systems, validation of biomechanical tissue testing, medical simulation through development of artificial phantoms and surrogates, and testing of medical devices and interventions. This book will serve as a key reference forresearch in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, finite element modeling of biological systems, biomaterials, biotechnology, implant and medical device development, and healthcare wearables.

Download or read book Physical Properties of Tissues written by Francis Duck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique reference book describes quantitatively the measured and predicted values of all the physical properties of mammalian tissue. Reported measurements are thoroughly documented and are complemented by a range of empirical mathematical models which describe the observed physical behavior of tissue.**Intended as a broad-ranging reference, this volume gives the bioengineer, physicist, radiologist, or physiologist access to a literature which may not be known in detail. It will also be of value for those concerned with the study of a range of environmental radiation hazards.Most extensive compilation of values of physical properties of tissue**Presents data for thermal, optical, ultrasonic, mechanical, x-ray, electrical, and magnetic resonance properties**Comprehensive bibliography

Download or read book Mechanics of Biological Tissue written by Gerhard A. Holzapfel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-02-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanics of biological tissues is a multidisciplinary and rapidly expanding area of research. The book points to important directions combining mechanical sciences with the exciting new developments in biology. It delivers state-of-the-art articles on: Mechanics of tissues at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. Mechanobiology, with particular reference to growth, remodeling, repair and aging. Experimental, microstructural and continuum mechanical perspectives with an emphasis on modelling, and simulating therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Implementation of mechanical models in numerical codes to provide a tool for the design and development of prostheses. Numerical models have the potential to greatly improve diagnostics and therapeutical procedures that involve tissue mechanics.

Download or read book Age Related Changes in Structure and Biomechanics of Human Sartorius Tendon Collagen written by Sara Sparavalo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injuries to soft tissues such as tendons affect millions of people annually. Injuries produced by in vitro mechanical overload result in damage to constituent collagen. Using bovine models, it has been found that damage to tendon results in serial kink formation within collagen fibrils in low-load tendons - a mechanism called discrete plasticity. Injuries to soft tissues such as tendons affect millions of people annually. Injuries produced by in vitro mechanical overload result in damage to constituent collagen. Using bovine models, it has been found that overload results in serial kink formation within collagen fibrils in low-load tendons -- a mechanism called discrete plasticity. Despite the prevalence of injury and our aging population, the exact mechanism behind the failure of collagen in aging human tendons has not been investigated until now. In this study, fresh contralateral human sartorius tendons from donors aged 20 to 60 were used to assess potential age-related changes in failure mechanics. Thermal stability of tendon collagen was examined and was expected to increase with age due to increased crosslinking. Damage motifs were investigated following tendon rupture using scanning electron microscopy. It was thought that discrete plasticity kinks would form following rupture in younger samples, but that the mechanism would dissipate with age. The thermal stability results suggest that there is a high density of mature crosslinks present. The exact relationship between crosslinking and age remains inconclusive. Despite these structural changes, the mechanical properties did not change with age. Discrete plasticity was not found in any tendon sample, likely due to heavy crosslinking. Individual fibrils displayed sites of local damage with exposed substructure, and kinks/turns that propagated across fibrils. These failure motifs along with the thermal stability test results support the notion that discrete plasticity is a feature of tendons that are sparsely crosslinked. This study was the first to examine how the nanoscaled, structuro-mechanical features of overload failure in human tendons varies with age. As we increase our understanding of the effect of tendon type and age on damage motifs, we will also better understand how injury occurs on the nanoscale and how healing is mediated in the body.

Download or read book Dynamic Torsion Test for the Mechanical Characterization of Soft Biological Tissues written by Davide Valtorta and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, a novel measurement method for the characterization of the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues is presented. The linear viscoelastic properties are determined through dynamic torsion tests by applying forced torsional oscillations to soft tissue samples. This work presents the definition of the measurement principle, with the design of torsional resonating sensors and the development of analytical and finite elements methods used for the inverse material characterization. The reliability and limitations of the proposed measurement technique have been assessed with experiments on soft biological materials as well as with synthetic materials. The viscoelastic response of soft materials is characterized for harmonic shear deformations at high frequencies (1-12 kHz) and small strains (up to 0.2\% nominal strain for the soft biological tissues considered). Experiments are performed using a torsional resonating sensor, hereafter referred to as the torsional resonator device (TRD), which consists of a rod excited to vibrate at resonance, with one end in contact with a material sample. The resonating sensor induces shear waves in the material analyzed. Adherence between vibrating sensor and material sample is ensured by vacuum clamping in the contact area. The response of the material results in changes in the dynamic behavior of the vibrating system sensor + material sample. The damping characteristics and resonance frequency of the vibrating system are inferred from the control variables of a phase stabilization loop. These quantities are then related to the mechanical properties of the material using analytical and finite element models that describe the interaction between sensor and material sample. In this work, soft biological tissues are assumed to be homogenous, isotropic materials with a linear viscoelastic response. This assumption can be considered suitable to describe the mechanical behavior of bulky internal organs, such as liver or kidney, with no or limited reinforcement by muscular fibers. By controlling the vibration amplitude of the sensor to be within the linear viscoelastic limits, soft tissues can be characterized by a complex shear modulus $G^\ast$, or equivalently by its storage and loss moduli. Due to the characteristics of the sensors proposed in this work, which have the capability to operate at several different torsional eigenfrequencies, the frequency dependent behavior of the complex shear modulus can be investigated. The elastodynamic problem of forced torsional oscillations exerted on a viscoelastic medium, which describes the interaction between the vibrating sensor and the material samples, is solved using analytical and finite element models. The solution of this problem is presented for a variety of contact configurations and samples geometries. The measurement technique can be applied to test samples of undefined geometry, to samples of well defined and finite dimensions, to layered materials and thin membrane-like samples. The measurement technique was validated through comparative measurements on synthetic material samples with wave propagation methods. Results obtained in tests executed ex vivo on bovine soft internal organs such as liver, kidney and uterus are presented in this work, discussing the possible error sources and uncertainties of the measurement. The measurement method was also applied to the characterization of synthetic materials such as bituminous binders, silicones and rubbers, electroactive polymers, and this demonstrates the versatility of this high frequency rheometry technique. The torsional resonator device (TRD) presented in this work can be considered a useful tool for a fast and non destructive characterization of soft biological materials and can lead to future applications of this technique for in vivo tests for diagnostics purposes.

Download or read book Characterising the Biomechanical Properties of the Plantar Soft Tissue Under the Conditions of Simulated Gait written by D. Parker and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plantar soft tissue at the heel and ball of the foot provide the interface between the body and the ground. This tissue is adapted to attenuate large amounts of energy during impact (heel strike) and to become rigid under continuous loading (standing). The heel pad tissue is composed of multiple specialised layers including a rigid bone (Calcaneus), a highly compliant fatty pad and a stiff rugged skin boundary. To assess this complex tissue STRIDE (Soft Tissue Response Imaging Device) has been developed. Using bespoke displacement driven profiles STRIDE is capable of simulating the vertical component of gait to compress the tissue, whilst collecting data to describe the response of the tissue via the combination of ultrasound imaging to detect vertical displacement and a miniature load cell to detect vertical load. From this data we are able to calculate tissue stress and strain and derive the characteristic mechanical properties of the tissue. A study of 38 individuals ranging in age from 18 to 85 was conducted to develop a baseline of tissue properties over age. The results show that the tissue has a highly rate dependent nature, reinforcing the need to conduct tests at rates relevant to the functional range of the tissue. Under gait conditions the elderly group displayed non-significant trends toward increased Energy loss (+45%), elastic modulus (+4%) and compressibility (+11%) whilst decreased trends were observed for viscosity (-20%) and the measured gradient of the stress strain curve throughout tissue compression. These differences suggest that the normal structural changes, which occur within the tissue as a result of aging, can cause disruption to the mechanical response of the tissue during compression. The mechanical properties derived will be used to inform the development of mechanisms (therapy/treatment) or interventions (orthotics/shoes) which may compensate for these changes.

Download or read book Biomechanics of Soft Tissues written by Adil Al Mayah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging paradigm of incorporating images and biomechanical properties of soft tissues has proven to be an integral part of the advancement of several medical applications, including image guided radiotherapy and surgery, brachytherapy, and diagnostics. This expansion has resulted in a growing community of medical, science, and engineering professionals applying mechanical principles to address medical concerns. This book is tailored to cover a range of mechanical principles, properties, and applications of soft tissues that have previously been addressed in various journals and "anatomical site-specific" books. Biomechanics of Soft Tissues follows a different approach by offering a simplified overview of widely used mechanical models and measuring techniques of soft tissue parameters. This is followed by an investigation of different medical applications, including: biomechanical aspects of cancerous tumor progressions, radiotherapy treatment, and image guided ultrasound guided interventions. Written by leading scholars and professionals in the field, Biomechanics of Soft Tissues combines engineering and medical expertise, thereby producing an excellent source of information for professionals interested in the theoretical and technological advancements related to soft tissues. The book provides medical professionals with an insight on various modeling approaches, testing techniques, and mechanical characteristics that are frequently used by engineers. Conversely, the presented medical applications provide engineers with a glimpse of amazing medical practices and encourage them to expand their roles in the medical field. Provides a simplified overview of mechanics of soft tissues. Highlights different techniques to measure tissues properties for engineering and medical applications. Contains novel ideas to address roles of mechanics in disease progression and treatment. Presents innovative applications of biomechanics in medical procedures.

Download or read book Bioactive Materials for Soft Tissue Regeneration written by Jiang Chang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a follow up of the authors' previous book entitled "Bioactive materials for bone regeneration. Generally speaking, human tissue can be classified as hard tissue such as bone and soft tissue such as skin, mussel, tendon, blood vessel, nerve etc. and including important organs such as heart, liver, lung. Regenerative medicine is dealing with both hard tissue and soft tissue regeneration and is one of the most important part of the modern medicine with significant clinical needs including general surgery, plastic surgery, burn and wound healing, cardiovascular disease treatments. Based on the authors' previous research and review of the international advances in hard tissue regeneration, this book focuses on the hard tissue regeneration using bioactive materials. It covers biomaterials for entire human tissue regeneration, which is key important for research and development in the field of biomedical engineering and the medical device industry. This book will give readers a comprehensive review of principal and the most updated advances of the research in bioactive materials for soft tissue repair and regeneration, and perspectives for the future directions of the research and development in this field. - Covers recent development of bioactive materials for soft tissue regeneration - Provides basic principles for design of bioactive materials for tissue regeneration - Includes future perspectives surrounding the development of bioactive materials that will be valuable to the readers

Download or read book Understanding Lung Acinar Micromechanics in Health and Disease Linking Quantitative Imaging and Organ Scale Mechanics by Computational Modeling written by Matthias Ochs and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.

Download or read book A Feedback based Dynamic Instrument for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue written by Morteza Heydari Araghi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Musculoskeletal Soft tissue Aging written by Joseph A. Buckwalter and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work on the changes that occur with the ageing of soft tissue contains the results of experimental work that holds the promise of producing better musculoskeletal function in older people. It also includes clinically relevant information on improving strength and mobility.

Download or read book Skin Biophysics written by Georges Limbert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents state-of-the-art experimental and modelling techniques for skin biophysics that are currently used in academic and industrial research. It also identifies current and future challenges, as well as a growing number of opportunities in this exciting research field. The book covers the basics of skin physiology, biology, microstructural and material properties, and progressively introduces the reader to established experimental characterisation protocols and modelling approaches. Advanced topics in modelling theories and numerical implementation are also presented. The book focusses especially on: 1. Basic physiology, molecular biology, microstructural and material properties of the skin. 2. Experimental characterisation techniques for the skin (including imaging): in vivo and in vitro techniques and combination of those with in silico approaches. 3. State-of-the-art constitutive models of the skin: elastic, anelastic and mechanobiological formulations (e.g. growth, ageing, healing). 4. Applications: mechanics, damage, biological growth, healing, ageing and skin tribology. This book is addressed to postgraduate students in biomedical/mechanical/civil engineering, (bio)physics and applied mathematics, postdoctoral researchers, as well as scientists and engineers working in academia and industry engaged in skin research, particularly, if at the cross-roads of physical experiments, imaging and modelling. The book is also be of interest to clinicians/biologists who wish to learn about the possibilities offered by modern engineering techniques for skin science research and, by so doing, provide them with an incentive to broaden their outlook, engage more widely with the non-clinical research communities and, ultimately, help cross-fertilising new ideas that will lead to better treatment plans and engineering solutions.