Download or read book Mechanical Characterization of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Subjected to Impact Loading Conditions written by David Jamison (IV) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back pain is a large and costly problem in the United States. Several working populations, such as miners, construction workers, forklift operators, and military personnel, have an increased risk and prevalence of low back pain compared to the general population. This is due to exposure to repeated, transient impact shocks, particularly while operating vehicles or other machinery. These shocks typically do not cause acute injury, but rather lead to pain and injury over time. The major focus in low back pain is often the intervertebral disc, due to its role as the major primary load-bearing component along the spinal column. The formation of a reliable standard for human lumbar disc exposure to repeated transient shock could potentially reduce injury risk for these working populations. The objective of this project, therefore, is to characterize the mechanical response of the lumbar intervertebral disc subjected to sub-traumatic impact loading conditions using both cadaveric and computational models, and to investigate the possible implications of this type of loading environment for low back pain. Axial, compressive impact loading events on Naval high speed boats were simulated in the laboratory and applied to human cadaveric specimen. Disc stiffness was higher and hysteresis was lower than quasi-static loading conditions. This indicates a shift in mechanical response when the disc is under impact loads and this behavior could be contributing to long-term back pain. Interstitial fluid loss and disc height changes were shown to affect disc impact mechanics in a creep study. Neutral zone increased, while energy dissipation and low-strain region stiffness decreased. This suggests that the disc has greater clinical instability during impact loading with progressive creep and fluid loss, indicating that time of day should be considered for working populations subjected to impact loads. A finite element model was developed and validated against cadaver specimen subjected to impacts in the laboratory. Analysis showed greater total von Mises stress and pore pressure in the components of the disc under transient shocks compared to static or quasi-static loading. These findings support the idea that impact shocks cause a change in mechanical response and are potentially damaging to the disc in the long term.

Download or read book On the Mechanical Properties of the Human Intervertebral Disc written by N. D. Panagiotacopulos and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human intervertebral disc is a highly inhomogeneous fiber composite pressure vessel. Interest in the mechanical properties of the disc started from a desire to develop a non-invasive diagnostic technique to assess disc damage based on X-ray and computer-aided image enhancement. These would be important in gaging the X-ray detected deformations of the disc under various loads. The water content of the disc material was found to dominate its mechanical behavior. From a study of three-layer specimens, several important aspects of the mechanical properties were established. First, the relaxation behavior is very sensitive to moisture content. Second, water diffuses slowly in the layers. The water apparently acts similar to a solvent in a polymer, effecting a change in the relaxation times. Increasing water content caused a shortening of relaxation times, drying, the opposite effect. Data covering a wide spectrum of relaxation times are presented that include all time scales experienced by the human body. This mechanical characterization provides an estimate of how discs respond to different rates of deformation and loading conditions. The incidence of disc problems with advancing age is explained in terms of the decrease in the moisture content of the disc along with possible changes in the nature of its mucopolysaccharides. (Author).

Download or read book Lumbar Injury Biomechanics written by Jeffrey A Pike and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount of load that can be borne by the different components of the lumbar region is fairly well understood, as are resulting injuries from overloading. Less severe lumbar injuries involve a wide range of factors, including: heredity, obesity, age, occupation, sports, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. Some of the most painful conditions that require high levels of care involve lumbar spine fracture or soft tissue injury from falls, contact sports, vehicle collisions, aircraft ejection, and underbody blasts from roadway explosions (military injuries). Each of these injury scenarios elicits a different kinematic response of the spine as a result of load direction, magnitude, and duration. Updated from a popular earlier volume, this new compendium includes landmark papers from 1994 through 2013 that focus exclusively on lumbar injuries. It also features an introductory chapter, “Blunt Lumbar Trauma” that provides an overview of the anatomy of the lumbar region, injury, and injury mechanisms, as well as an extensive literature update. This edition is the third in a series of biomechanics compendia edited by Mr. Pike. Earlier editions covered injuries of the neck and head. For this volume, Mr. Pike and the advisory panel selected 15 of the best papers from a variety of sources including SAE International, IRCOBI, Stapp, NHTSA, ESV, and the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. The book will be helpful to those studying lumbar injury from a broad range of causes, including transportation, falls, sports, personal violence, and blast-related. Professionals from a variety of disciplines will find the book useful: biomechanics, accident reconstruction, medical and rehabilitation, insurance, legal, and law enforcement.

Download or read book In Vivo Lumbar Spine Biomechanics written by Shaobai Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of lumbar spine biomechanics in living human subjects is fundamental for understanding mechanisms of spinal injury and pathology, for improvement of corresponding clinical treatments, and for design of spinal prosthesis. However, due to the complicated spine anatomy and loading conditions as well as high risks in these direct measurements, it has been a challenge to determine the in vivo biomechanics of the lumbar spine. To address this problem, the overall objective of this thesis was to develop and implement a dual fluoroscopic imaging system to non-invasively study human lumbar spine biomechanics. In line with this objective, the first goal was to quantify the ability of the dual fluoroscopic imaging system to determine vertebral kinematics. The second goal was to implement this technique to investigate spinal motion in both healthy subjects and patients with pathology. The third goal was to explore the feasibility of using kinematic data obtained from this system as boundary conditions in finite element analysis to calculate the physiological loads on the intervertebral disc. The system was shown to be accurate and repeatable in determining the vertebral kinematics in all degrees of freedom. For the first time, six degree-of-freedom motion of different structures of the spine, such as the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, facet joint and spinous process were measured in vivo in both healthy subjects and subjects with pathology during functional activities. In general, the group of subjects with pathology showed a significantly abnormal kinematic response during various physiological functional activities. Preliminary studies have shown the applicability and high accuracy of finite element modeling to calculate disc loads using in vivo vertebral kinematics as displacement boundary conditions.

Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.

Download or read book Characterization and Biomechanical Analysis of the Human Lumbar Spine with In Vitro Testing Conditions written by Dean Keith Stolworthy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In conclusion, the biomechanical response was significantly altered due to testing temperature, loading-rate, and application of a compressive follower-load. The author emphasizes the necessity to simulate the physiological environment during ex vivo biomechanical analysis of the lumbar spine in order to obtain a physiological response. Simplified testing procedures may be implemented only after the particular effect is known.

Download or read book The Intervertebral Disc written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-02 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intervertebral disc is a complex structure that separates opposing vertebrae, permits a wide range of motion, and accommodates high biomechanical forces. Disc degeneration leads to a loss of function and is often associated with excruciating pain. Written by leading scientists and clinicians, the first part of the book provides a review of the basic biology of the disc in health and disease. The second part considers strategies to mitigate the effects of disc degeneration and discusses the possibility of engineering replacement tissues. The final section is devoted to approaches to model normal development and elucidate the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease using animal, organ and cell culture techniques. The book bridges the gap between the basic and clinical sciences; the target audience includes basic scientists, orthopaedists and neurologists, while at the same time appealing to the needs of graduate students, medical students, interns and fellows.

Download or read book Computational Modeling for the Assessment of the Biomechanical Properties of the Healthy Diseased and Treated Spine written by Enrico Dall’Ara and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spine Technology Handbook written by Steven M. Kurtz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, there has been rapid growth in bioengineering applications in the field of spine implants. Spine Technology Handbook explains the technical foundation for understanding and expanding the field of spine implants, reviews the major established technologies related to spine implants, and provides reference material for developing and commercializing new spine implants. The editors, who have a track record of collaboration and editing technical books, provide a unified approach to this topic in the most comprehensive and useful book to date. Related website provides the latest information on spine technology including articles and research papers on the latest technology and development Major technologies reviewed include devices used for fusion (screws, plates, rods, and cages), disc repair and augmentation, total disc replacement, and vertebral body repair and augmentation Technology landscape, review of published/public domain data currently available, and safety and efficacy of technology discussed in detail

Download or read book Intervertebral Discs and Other Mechanical Disorders of the Lumbar Spine written by C. K. Fernando and published by . This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book written for physical therapists and physicians interested in the treatment of patients with low back pain. The author has brought nearly 50 years of clinical training and scientific evidence to write this book. According to a very well known physical therapist, this book is claimed to be a seminal book on low back pain, and according to Dr. Basmajian (Father of EMG Biofeedback) it should strengthen the hands and minds of several branches of the healing professions while clearing the debris of dubious techniques. The book is about treatment of Mechanical Disorders of Lumbar Spine and mainly Intervertebral Disc Disorders by physical therapists using conservative techniques. The author is cognizant of the fact that patients who come to physical therapy should not be harmed by physical therapy, hence with this in mind, these gentle techniques are presented to the practicing physical therapist and the student alike. There are 9 chapters with two appendices and an index. The three anatomy chapters were co-authored with Dr. Arthur Nelson. The next few chapters are on sprains/strains, intervertebral disc conditions, spinal stenosis and disc degeneration, spondylolesthesis/spondylolysis and spondylosis. In addition to that, there are chapters on epidemiology, clinical evaluation, chronic low back pain, and physical therapy techniques. The main thrust in this book, is that all patients must be treated by proper clinical diagnosis based on pathophysiology using sensitive and specific tests and arriving at treatment techniques which are evidence based. This book is not for the believer and non-scientist, but to all those who profess to be physical therapists/scientists. This might be the only book written by two physical therapists for the treatment of patients suffering low back problems, with evidence to back it up.

Download or read book Internal Deformation and Strain of Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs Subjected to Multi axial Loads written by Anthony Tsantrizos and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Subsequently, these methods were used to quantify intradiscal deformations and strains in healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs during sub-maximal loads. Eighteen healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs were subjected with wires placed within and beads glued along their mid-traversal plane surface, to compression, extension, flexion and lateral bending. Cramo-caudal radiographs at unloaded and loaded steps documented wire and bead positions. Intradiscal nucleus pulposus displacements, circumferential, radial and shear strains in the annulus fibrosus and transitional zone under load were compared among all anatomical regions and between healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs." --

Download or read book The Effect of Mechanical Loading on Diffusion of Solutes in the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs written by Arun Ranganathan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Materials and Mechanical Engineering written by Chandan Pandey and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the select proceedings of 1st International Conference on Future Trends in Materials and Mechanical Engineering (ICFTMME-2020), organised by Mechanical Engineering Department, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Formerly known as SRM University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The book provides a deep insight of future trends in the advancement of materials and mechanical engineering. A broad range of topics and issues in material development and modern mechanical engineering are covered including polymers, nanomaterials, magnetic materials, fiber composites, stress analysis, design of mechanical components, theoretical and applied mechanics, tribology, solar, additive manufacturing and many more. This book will prove its worth to a broad readership of engineering students, researchers, and professionals.

Download or read book Characterization of the Mechanical Response of the Lumbar Spine written by Shannon Alisa Zirbel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies have investigated the relationship between the degeneration grade and flexibility of the intervertebral disc, but were completed without the presence of a compressive follower load. This study builds on past work by performing the testing under a compressive follower load. Segmental stiffness, range of motion (ROM), hysteresis area, and normalized hysteresis (hysteresis area/ROM) were evaluated and the effect of degeneration, segment level, temperature, and follower load were analyzed.

Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Human Lumbar Spine Motion Segments Influences of Age Sex Disc Level and Degeneration written by A. L. Nachemson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Development of an Organ Culture System for Evaluating Damaging Compression Loading on Intervertebral Disc Explants written by Casey L. Korecki and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: