Download or read book Mechanical and Biological Mechanisms of Regulating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation written by Anne Kathryn Staples and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of how hMSCs respond to different types of mechanical loading, how this response differs from a traditional growth factor approach of inducing cellular differentiation and how their responsiveness to mechanical stimulation varies with cell differentiation stage are all critical for the successful design of tissue engineering constructs that are optimally organized for a specific mechanical function.
Download or read book Stem Cell Regulators written by Gerald Litwack and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors operating in pluripotent cells -- Molecular mediators of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) -- Insulin and germline proliferation in Caenorhabditis -- Generation of mature ß-cells from embryonic stem cells: What are we missing? -- Activation and regulation of reserve liver progenitor cells -- Adult cardiac-derived stem cells: differentiation and survival regulators -- TGF-Beta1 regulates differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells -- Maternal intake of folic acid and neural crest stem cells -- Modulation of the generation of dopaminergic neurons from human neural stem cells by Bcl-XL. Mechanisms of action -- Glucocorticoid hedgehog agonists in neurogenesis -- Effect of progesterone on human mesenchymal stem cells -- Regulation of muscle stem cell activation -- the role of growth factors and extracellular matrix -- Thymosins and muscle regeneration -- Micro RNAs and mesenchymal stem cells -- MicroRNA and vascular smooth muscle cells -- Transforming growth factor beta superfamily in mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal -- The biology of HIFa proteins in cell differentiation and disease -- Regulatory role of Klf5 in early mouse development and in embryonic stem cells -- Bam and Bgcn in Drosophila germ line stem cell differentiation -- The effects of mechanical loading on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and matrix production.
Download or read book The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells 2 Volume Set written by Kerry Atkinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells comprehensively describes the cellular and molecular biology of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, describing their therapeutic potential in a wide variety of preclinical models of human diseases and their mechanism of action in these preclinical models. Chapters also discuss the current status of the use of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in clinical trials in a wide range of human diseases and disorders, for many of which there are limited, or no other, therapeutic avenues. Provides coverage on both the biology of mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cells, and their therapeutic applications Describes the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in a wide variety of preclinical models of human diseases and their mechanism of action in these preclinical models Discusses the current status of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in clinical trials in a wide range of human diseases and disorders, for many of which there are limited, or no other, therapeutic avenues Written and edited by leaders in the field The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells is an invaluable resource for those studying stem cells, cell biology, genetics, gene or cell therapy, or regenerative medicine.
Download or read book Differentiation Induces Dynamic Alterations in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Nuclear Architecture and Mechanotransduction written by Su Chin Heo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source and widely used in a variety of regenerative applications given their multipotent nature. MSCs are subjected to various types of mechanical forces during tissue development and repair, and it is clear that, along with soluble factors, physiological forces play an important role in determining their lineage specification. However, the molecular mechanisms by which external mechanical stimuli are converted to a biological response remain unclear, and few studies have been performed to probe alterations in cell and nuclear architecture in response to physiological loading. In this thesis, we investigated relationships between MSC cellular/nuclear biophysical properties and mechanosensitivity, and determined their importance in MSC mechanotransduction. Our findings demonstrate that MSC differentiation mediated by either a soluble factor, TGF-beta 3 or resulting from dynamic tensile loading (DL) is accompanied by reorganization of nuclear structural elements (i.e. lamin A/C and chromatin). These changes increased nuclear mechanical properties, resulting in changes tto he manner in which MSCs respond to external mechanical perturbation. In addition, through a series of micromechanical experiments, the molecular mechanisms by which nuclear structure was altered as a consequence of load-induced MSC differentiation were elucidated. DL resulted in a rapid increase in chromatin condensation in MSCs, which depended on the activity of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2. The ATP/purinergic signaling was a key regulator of this load induced chromatin condensation, and was mediated by acto-myosin cellular contractility. In follow on studies, we demonstrated that chromatin condensation in MSCs was regulated by interplay between purinergic signaling and RhoA/Rock activity, and that baseline TGF superfamily signaling played a role in establishing cell contractility and mediating this load-induced chromatin remodeling response. Overall, this thesis identified novel signaling pathways and mechanisms that regulate the mechanical properties of the nucleus in progenitor cells as they transition towards a differentiated state, and elucidated how dynamic loading regulates chromatin condensation to increase mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) nuclear mechanics in the absence of exogenous differentiation factors. This work has broad implications in the field of mesenchymal stem cell biology and mechanobiology, and will inform the development of engineered tissues, medical devices, and biological materials for tissue repair and regeneration.
Download or read book Mechano biological Regulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation written by Nelson John Tacy and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Mechanics Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Morphology and T Cell Activation written by Luis Santos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 3, I analyze how matrix chemistry and substrate rigidity affect human mesenchymal stem cell morphology in the context of lineage differentiation, and speculate on potential mechanisms that cells use to sense local rigidity. In Chapter 4, I present a new substrate design that facilitates live visualization of the interface formed between a T cell and an antigen presenting cell, i.e. the immunological synapse, and discuss the impact of intercellular forces on T cell activation. In Chapter 5, I explore the molecular mechanism of Cas-L mechanical activation at the immunological synapse of T cells, and demonstrate how Cas-L regulates T cell activation in the context of an immune response. Finally, in Chapter 6, I lay down the main conclusions of the thesis, and discuss ongoing projects that directly follow up on the results of this thesis.
Download or read book Directing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate Toward Smooth Muscle Lineage written by Styliani M. Alimperti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cells have tremendous therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and show excellent safety record in clinical applications. MSCs can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineage under appropriate conditions, and therefore have been used as a therapeutic tool to treat disorders. The induction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward smooth muscle lineage is a complex system since many genes are involved during this process. Loss of gene function is a valuable tool for screening genes involved in Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation. However, the criteria for evaluating gene knockdown are usually based on end-point analysis such as immunostaining and therefore, quantitative, real-time measurement of the process is difficult.^To overcome these limitations, we engineered a shRNA encoding Lentiviral Dual Promoter Vector (sh-LVDP) that allows real-time monitoring of MSC differentiation and simultaneous gene knockdown thereby, providing quantitative assessment of the effect of various pathways in this process. In this vector, the activity of the αSMA promoter was measured by Green Fluorescent Intensity (GFI) and was used as an indicator of myogenic differentiation. The constitutive expression of DsRed was used to measure transduction efficiency and normalize the αSMA promoter activity. Finally, different shRNAs were encoded by a doxycycline regulatable H1 promoter within the viral 3' Long Terminal Repeat (LTR). Our data indicates that real time monitoring of gene expression profiles using sh-LVDP with concomitant gene knockdown provides a useful tool for deciphering gene regulatory networks of complex biological processes such as stem cell differentiation.^Specifically, using the sh-LVDP, we identified the role of cadherins through the adherens junctions (AJs) formation during smooth muscle differentiation. The microenvironment of a stem cell often dictates its differentiation fate. Although the role of soluble factors (e. g. TGF-β1) in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation towards smooth muscle (SMC) lineage has been studied, the role of inter-cellular adhesion in this process remains elusive. To this end, we examined how cell-cell communication controls the fate of MSC towards smooth muscle cells (SMC). Specifically, we identified the molecular mechanism of MSC differentiation into vascular fate during cell-cell contact through a molecule called Cadherin-11. We further applied this study in-vivo and we confirmed our hypothesis in a mice model. Initially, we observed that increased cell density increased adherens junction (AJ) formation and at the same time, high cell density increased expression of myogenic markers such as αSMA as well as N-cadherin and Cadherin-11. Interestingly, we found that Cadherin-11 mediated SMC differentiation through activation of serum response factor (SRF) via ROCK pathway. Also, myogenic differentiation proceeded even in the absence of TGF-β receptor, while exogenous TGF-β1 failed to promote SMC differentiation in the absence of Cadherin-11. Engagement of Cadherin-11 increased its own expression through SRF, suggesting the presence of an auto regulatory feedback loop that regulated SMC differentiation. Notably, SMC-containing tissues such as bladder and arteries from Cdh11-/- mice showed significantly reduced levels of SMC proteins and exhibited diminished contractility and mechanical properties. To conclude, we revealed a previously unknown role of Cadherin-11 based AJs in the process of SMC regeneration and shed light into the mechanism of MSC differentiation with potential implications for the development of strategies to understand and control stem cell fate decisions. Although cell-cell contact is necessary to induce MSC differentiation into vascular fate, particularly through the cell surface molecule, Cadherin-11, the effect of Cadherin-11 engagement has not single out. To investigate the role of Cadherin-11 in MSC differentiation potential, we designed a surface with exposed Cadherin-11 domains, which allowed us to study cadherin-cadherin interactions in an isolated manner. MSCs cultured on Cad-11-FC surface enhanced the differentiation potential of MSCs towards the SMC lineage as evidenced by the levels of key myogenic markers such as αSMA and CNN1. Also, the differentiated MSCs cultured on Cad-11-FC surface exhibited high levels of collagen indicating that Cadherin-11 may play important role in rigidity and elasticity of the SMC containing organs. Tissue constructs prepared from cells lacking Cadherin-11 exhibited lower vascular contractility and mechanical properties. Notably, these results were confirmed in vivo using Cadherin-11 knock-out mice (Cdh11-/-). In particular, smooth muscle containing organs from Cadh11-/- animals e. g. blood vessels and bladder exhibited diminished vascular reactivity, decreased collagen content and significantly decreased mechanical properties. To further investigate, the mechanism of collagen regulation by Cadherin-11, we found that Cadherin-11 mediated collagen secretion and mechanical properties through ROCK1/2 pathway.
Download or read book Forces in Biology Cell and Developmental Mechanobiology and Its Implications in Disease written by Selwin K. Wu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epigenetics and Regeneration written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-24 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Regeneration compiles the first foundational reference on epigenetic mechanisms governing tissue development, repair, homeostasis, and regeneration, as well as pathways to employ these mechanisms in clinical practice and translational science. In this book, life science researchers, clinicians, and students will discover an interdisciplinary resource bringing together common themes in the field, background overviews, research methods, recent advances, and opportunities for drug discovery. Throughout this volume, special attention is paid to pre-clinical and first clinical studies aimed at increasing the regenerative potential of damaged tissues by epigenetic drugs, as well as innovative, discipline spanning strategies to enhance cell reprogramming. As an all-inclusive, evidence-based volume, Epigenetics and Regeneration will stimulate discussion and boost new research in this fascinating and impactful area of translational epigenetics. Provides a foundational overview of epigenetics in regenerative medicine Examines epigenetic components of tissue regeneration for a variety of organ systems and tissue types, as well as current attempts to employ these mechanisms in clinical practice Offers researchers, students, clinicians, and pharmacologists the tools they need to enhance tissue development, repair, homeostasis, and regeneration and explore new epigenetic therapeutic pathways Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers and clinicians in the fields of epigenetics and regenerative medicine
Download or read book Methods of Tissue Engineering written by Anthony Atala and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-10-12 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book combines the tools, experimental protocols, detailed descriptions and know-how for the successful engineering of tissues and organs in one volume.
Download or read book CELL GEOMETRY written by G. V. SHIVASHANKAR and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regenerative Dentistry written by Mona Marei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental caries, periodontitis, tooth loss, and bone resorption are considered prevalent health problems that have direct affect on the quality of life. While, advances in stem cell biology and biotechnology have sparked hope for devastating maladies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc., it also provides a strategy of regenerative therapy for dental tissues. From the prospective of tissue engineering, it is of utmost importance to understand and emulate the complex cell interactions that make up a tissue or organ. Unlike other tissues in the body, dental tissues are unique in their development, function, and even in their maintenance throughout life. The harmonized stimulations of biology and mechanical regulators to promote cellular activities have matured our understanding of the value of regenerative therapy of dental tissue versus the reparative treatment. In this book, we review the current knowledge available to regenerate alveolar bone, periodontal structure, and pulp/dentin complex. The book provides researchers with detailed information about development and functional characteristics of the dental unit with detailed protocols covering a comprehensive range of various approaches to engineer dental tissues: to use isolated cells or cell substitutes as cellular replacement, to use acellular biomaterials capable of inducing tissue regeneration, and/or to use a combination of cells, biomaterial and growth factors. We are well aware, with the concept changes in the field toward in-vitro biomimetics of in-vivo tissue development. The theoretical frame work integrating these concepts of developmental biology and developmental engineering is yet to be emphasized and implemented. Until this happens, we consider this book of regenerative dentistry as a call for scientists to achieve, researchers to innovate, practitioners to apply, and students to learn the art and science of regenerative therapy in dentistry. Table of Contents: Introduction to Regenerative Dentistry / Tissue Engineering Alveolar Bone / Tissue Engineering of the Periodontal Tissues / Dynamics for Pulp-Dentin Tissue Engineering in Operative Dentistry
Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The TGF beta Family written by Rik Derynck and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transforming growth factor-[beta] (TGF-[beta]), identified nearly three decades ago, is a secreted polypeptide that functions in critical cell cycle processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and development: It belongs to a large protein family that, in humans, contains 33 members, including activins, inhibins, bone morphogenetic proteins, growth and differentiation factors, and Mullerian inhibiting substance. This volume draws on the world's leading laboratories to comprehensively cover all aspects of the biology of TGF-[beta] and related factors. In addition to providing historical and background information, it describes the cell biology and signaling pathways of TGF-[beta] members in detail, including the roles of TGF-[beta] factors in the development and physiology of humans and model organisms. The last few chapters are devoted to the role of TGF-[beta] members in cancer and other diseases, as well as the possibilities for therapeutics based on knowledge of signaling pathways and macromolecular structures. It serves as a comprehensive reference work for both specialists and researchers less familiar with the field.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes written by Yaoliang Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies
Download or read book Mechanotransduction written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. Volume 126 features in-depth reviews that focus on the tools required to investigate mechanotransduction. Additional chapters focus on how we can use these tools to answer fundamental questions about the interaction of physical forces with cell biology, morphogenesis, and function of mature structures. Chapters in the volume are authored by a unique combination of cell biologists and engineers, providing a range of perspectives on mechanotransduction. Provides a unique combination of perspectives from biologists and engineers Engaging to people of many training backgrounds
Download or read book Dental Stem Cells Regenerative Potential written by Barbara Zavan and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the basic aspects of dental stem cells (DSCs) as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It opens with a discussion of classification, protocols, and properties of DSCs and proceeds to explore DSCs within the contexts of cryopreservation; epigenetics; pulp, periodontal, tooth, bone, and corneal stroma regeneration; neuronal properties, mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials; and as sources of hepatocytes for liver disease treatment. The fifteen expertly authored chapters comprehensively examine possible applications of DSCs and provide invaluable insights into mechanisms of growth and differentiation. Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential draws from a wealth of international perspectives and is an essential addition to the developing literature on dental stem cells. This installment of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series is indispensable for biomedical researchers interested in bioengineering, dentistry, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell biology and oncology.
