Download or read book Measuring Transparency to Improve Good Governance in the Public Pharmaceutical Sector written by Who Regional Office for the Eastern Medi and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the findings of the first phase of the national Good Governance for Medicines programme in Jordan. In recent years, countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region have made significant achievements in the provision of health services. In the pharmaceutical field, countries have been striving to improve the structures and regulations pertaining to medicines and have progressed in many ways. However, there are still important challenges. The goal of the WHO Good Governance for Medicines programme is to improve the situation of medicines regulation and supply. National transparency assessment is the beginning of a process aimed at bringing about desirable and sustainable changes in the governance of the pharmaceutical sector.
Download or read book Measuring Transparency to Improve Good Governance in the Public Pharmaceutical Sector written by Who Regional Office for the Eastern Medi and published by . This book was released on 2009-05-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region have made significant achievements in the provision of health services. In the pharmaceutical field, countries have been striving to improve the structures and regulations pertaining to medicines and have progressed in many ways. However, there are still important challenges. The goal of the WHO Good Governance for Medicines program is to improve the situation of medicine regulation and supply. National transparency assessment is the beginning of a process aimed at bringing about desirable and sustainable changes in the governance of the pharmaceutical sector. These reports present the findings of the first phase of the national Good Governance for Medicines program in Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan and Syrian Arab Republic.
Download or read book Measuring Transparency to Improve Good Governance in the Public Pharmaceutical Sector in Malawi written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Governance and Corruption in the Pharmaceutical Sector written by Aissatou Diack and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceuticals are a critical input for the health sector. At the same time, the drug business sustains many individual and corporate livelihoods and produces handsome returns for those involved in the trade. Good governance is critical for the sector to maximize returns for public health and minimize risks for patients from ineffective or contaminated drugs. Given the large financial volume of the market, the potential for corruption is significant. Vulnerable points are those at which decisions about market access and purchasing are made. This includes institutional functions such as licensing, inclusion into formularies and public procurement as well as the individual prescriber, who selects drugs for a specific patient. Given the political and institutional resistance against more transparency from the beneficiaries of the status quo, assessment of governance and corruption in the sector is not a straightforward exercise. The authors developed a more indirect approach that relies on a broader assessment of the functioning of the sector and detection of patterns that suggest governance or management problems. From a developmental perspective, the focus is on reducing the impact of bad governance (high drug prices, stock-outs, bad quality of drugs in circulation, irrational use of drugs) rather than identifying the actors and bringing them to justice. Even if the governance level cannot be touched due to political resistance, it may be possible to address the problem from a technical or management angle. For example, electronic procurement platforms and inventory management systems make manipulation more difficult and allow for a faster discovery of irregularities. The assessment framework was applied in eight countries, with adjustments based on client demand and political viability. In most cases, a follow-up after the assessment could be documented, showing that the data provided had relevance and impact in the national policy dialogue. Three of the eight countries signed up to a longer term program to increase transparency in the sector (medicines transparency alliance), others initiated specific projects to address issues that were presented as a result of the initial assessment. In summary, the authors work could demonstrate that it is possible to effectively address pharmaceutical governance issues in the context of a broader sector assessment an approach that may face less political resistance than an inquiry based on a "governance and corruptio ...
Download or read book The Many Faces of Corruption written by J. Edgardo Campos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-04-04 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corruption... How can policymakers and practitioners better comprehend the many forms and shapes that this socialpandemic takes? From the delivery of essential drugs, the reduction in teacher absenteeism, the containment of illegal logging, the construction of roads, the provision of water andelectricity, the international trade in oil and gas, the conduct of public budgeting and procurement, and the management of public revenues, corruption shows its many faces. 'The Many Faces of Corruption' attempts to bring greater clarity to the often murky manifestations of this virulent and debilitating social disease. It explores the use of prototype road maps to identify corruption vulnerabilities, suggests corresponding 'warning signals,' and proposes operationally useful remedial measures in each of several selected sectors and for a selected sampleof cross cutting public sector functions that are particularlyprone to corruption and that are critical to sector performance.Numerous technical experts have come together in this effort to develop an operationally useful approach to diagnosing and tackling corruption. 'The Many Faces of Corruption' is an invaluable reference for policymakers, practitioners, andresearchers engaged in the business of development.
Download or read book A Star in the East written by Anthony J. Culyer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crossing the Global Quality Chasm written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-27 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Download or read book WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significant financial hardship for individuals and negatively impacted on healthcare systems' ability to provide population-wide access to essential medicines. Pharmaceutical pricing policies need to be carefully planned, carried out, and regularly checked and revised according to changing conditions. Strong, well-thought-out policies can guide well-informed and balanced decisions to achieve affordable access to essential health products. This guideline replaces the 2015 WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies, revised to reflect the growing body of literature since the last evidence review in 2010. This update also recognizes country experiences in managing the prices of pharmaceutical products.
Download or read book Zambia written by Christopher Adam and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zambia is a landlocked mineral dependent country in Southern Africa whose history is intimately entwined with the copper mining industry. Having gained Independence from Britain in 1964 at the height of a copper boom, the country experienced a slow and painful economic decline over the next quarter century. However, following a traumatic and protracted process of economic adjustment through the 1990s and early 2000s, Zambia's economic potential is now better than it has been at any time since Independence. This book, which contains a set of rigorous but accessible essays by a range of Zambian and international scholars, seeks to examine the challenges and opportunities that currently face Zambian policymakers as they seek to harness the country's valuable natural assets to broad-based and sustainable economic growth over the coming decades. Written in a non-technical manner by leading scholars in the field, the chapters address key challenges in the areas of natural resource management, agriculture, trade, employment and migration, education, finance, and investment. This is the second volume in the Africa: Policies for Prosperity series following on from the successful first volume on Kenya.
Download or read book Global Corruption Report 2006 written by Transparency International and published by Pluto Press. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TI has once again shown its ability to combine research and policy analysis not just to shine a light on the deeply embedded problems of corruption ... but to propose progressive solutions. Former World Bank President James Wolfensohn on the Global Corruption ReportIn the health sector, corruption is a matter of life or death. It can take many forms: from medical professionals who sell medicines or services that should be freely available, to high-level government officials who embezzle money from health budgets, to pharmaceutical companies that buy influence over research agendas. The impact of corruption is always felt by the end user -- the sick person who is forced to pay over the odds or who is given unsafe, counterfeit medicines. The 2006 edition of Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report shows the impact that corruption has on health care in rich and poor countries. From high-level bribery in Costa Rica to informal payments in Hungary, case studies from around the world explore the characteristics of the health sector that make it so prone to corruption. In a special section dedicated to corruption in HIV/AIDS, the report warns that the large sums being poured into fighting the world’s deadliest diseases need to be safeguarded against abuse. There is also a detailed analysis of the problems of the pharmaceutical system.The report also offers an annual round-up of worldwide developments and tracks major trends in more than 40 countries.The Global Corruption Report 2006 is the only report of its kind, and is an essential reference source for anyone who wants the latest research on how corruption affects everything from health to education and the oil and gas industries.
Download or read book Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.
Download or read book The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Health Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2005-04-26 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating HC 1030-i to iii.
Download or read book OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement are a ground-breaking instrument that promotes good governance in the entire procurement cycle, from needs assessment to contract management.
Download or read book Public Health in the Arab World written by Samer Jabbour and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the public health concerns and challenges specific to the complex Arab world from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Download or read book Diagnosis Corruption written by Rafael Di Tella and published by IDB. This book was released on 2001 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
