Download or read book Measuring the Restrictiveness of International Trade Policy written by James E. Anderson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending the standard theory of index numbers that apply to prices, output or productivity, Anderson and Neary develop index numbers that apply directly to policy variables. Their theoretical work builds on, and extends, the standard theory of policy reform in open economics.
Download or read book Measuring the Restrictiveness of Trade Policy written by James E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy written by James E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing something new: The Trade Restrictiveness Index measures the restrictiveness of a system of trade protection. This measure is both simple and consistent with economic theory.
Download or read book A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices written by Hiau Looi Kee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this paper is to provide indicators of trade restrictiveness that include both measures of tariff and nontariff barriers for 91 developing and industrial countries. For each country, the authors estimate three trade restrictiveness indices. The first one summarizes the degree of trade distortions that each country imposes on itself through its own trade policies. The second one focuses on the trade distortions imposed by each country on its import bundle. The last index focuses on market access and summarizes the trade distortions imposed by the rest of the world on each country's export bundle. All indices are estimated for the broad aggregates of manufacturing and agriculture products. Results suggest that poor countries (and those with the highest poverty headcount) tend to be more restrictive, but they also face the highest trade barriers on their export bundle. This is partly explained by the fact that agriculture protection is generally larger than manufacturing protection. Nontariff barriers contribute more than 70 percent on average to world protection, underlying their importance for any study on trade protection.
Download or read book Nontariff Measures and International Trade written by John Christopher Beghin and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nontariff Measures and International Trade includes 20 chapters authored by John Beghin and co-authors over the last 20 years on the economics of quality-standard like nontariff measures in the context of international trade. This book provides a coherent and comprehensive treatment of these nontariff measures, from their measurement to their effects on trade and welfare. In Part I, the authors use different perspectives to make the case that, unlike tariffs, quality-standard like nontariff measures are complex to measure and analyze and do not easily lead to general policy prescriptions. Then, Part II contains contributions on measurements of welfare and trade effects of nontariff measures, accounting for potential market imperfections. Part III presents chapters on the potential protectionism of nontariff measures when they are used to favor some economic agents over society. The last part presents cases studies of nontariff measures in different industries, markets, and countries.
Download or read book Review of the IMF s Trade Restrictiveness Index written by International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-02-14 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the construction of the index and its use over the past seven years, identifies its limitations, examines several alternative measures of trade policy, and highlights some options for improving the Fund’s use of trade policy indicators.
Download or read book Measuring Restrictiveness of Bilateral Trade Policies written by Alessandro Antimiani and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper compares the degree of openness to trade of three developed countries markets-the European Union, Japan, the United States-with that of three middle-income countries, namely Brazil, India, and China. A theoretically consistent protection measure - the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index (MTRI) - is employed to average tariffs at different levels of aggregation. The computation relies on a comparative static applied general equilibrium model (Global Trade Analysis Project-GTAP) featuring imperfect competition as well as on the bilateral applied tariffs included in the most recent version of the GTAP database. Results provide a different picture from what could have been expected given the widely publicized diffusion of preferential schemes supposedly favoring developing countries exports.
Download or read book Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices written by Hiau Looi Kee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this paper is to provide indicators of trade restrictiveness that include both measures of tariff and nontariff barriers for 91 developing and industrial countries. For each country, the authors estimate three trade restrictiveness indices. The first one summarizes the degree of trade distortions that each country imposes on itself through its own trade policies. The second one focuses on the trade distortions imposed by each country on its import bundle. The last index focuses on market access and summarizes the trade distortions imposed by the rest of the world on each country's export bundle. All indices are estimated for the broad aggregates of manufacturing and agriculture products. Results suggest that poor countries (and those with the highest poverty headcount) tend to be more restrictive, but they also face the highest trade barriers on their export bundle. This is partly explained by the fact that agriculture protection is generally larger than manufacturing protection. Nontariff barriers contribute more than 70 percent on average to world protection, underlying their importance for any study on trade protection.
Download or read book The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy written by James E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops and characterizes an index of trade policy restrictiveness defined as the uniform tariff equivalent which maintains the same volume of trade as a given set of tariffs, quota, and domestic taxes and subsidies. We relate this volume-equivalent index to the Trade Restrictiveness Index welfare-equivalent measure changes in the generalised mean and variance of the tariff schedule. Applications to international cross-section and time-series comparisons of trade policy show that the new index frequently gives a very different picture than do standard indexes.
Download or read book Restrictiveness Index as a Measure of Barriers in International Trade in Services written by Andzelika Kuznar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the paper is to develop the method for measuring barriers to trade in services and apply it to determine the degree of restrictiveness of access to the Polish market in selected service industries.In the case of services - more frequently than for tangible goods - barriers take the form of government regulations determining the market entry / establishment of a business or the way of running the business. These regulations may discriminate against foreign entities, or not. This can be checked on the basis of questionnaires or the analysis of government documents (laws, regulations) and industry regulations (e.g. codes of professional ethics). Restrictions are given a numerical value and weight. In this way, restrictiveness index is constructed, measuring access to the service industry. Construction of several such indices for different groups of services allows a comparison of the degree of restrictiveness of foreign access to the Polish market with respect to domestic services and service providers as well as between different industries. This is a base for further studies of the possible results of removing the barriers. The paper reviews the literature on barriers to trade in services and how they are measured. The rationale for using the index of restrictiveness as a measure of barriers in professional services is given and such index is built in other to assess the restrictiveness of the access to market in four sectors of professional services: accountancy, legal, architectural and engineering services.
Download or read book A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy written by James E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for careful research on trade policy is particularly acute, and this volume empirically addresses these and many other important issues. The contributors offer studies which integrate the institutional details of current trade policy with creative economic analyses. Marked by a shift from a traditional reliance on simulation models, these papers take their inspiration from recent changes in the assumptions traditionally underlying research in international trade theory. No longer are government policies viewed as being somehow "given" to the researcher; in part 1, "Analyses with a Political Economy Perspective," four papers treat such policies as endogenous and explicable in terms of political economy. Neither are product and factor markets seen as perfectly competitive; instead, the three papers in part 2, "Trade Policy Effects under Imperfectly Competitive Market Conditions," assume that firms consider the actions of other companies when formulating their decisions. In part 3, "A New Measure of Trade Restrictiveness and Estimates of Trade Policy Effects with CGE Models," the first essay explores the quantitative restrictions on cheese to develop and implement a new model of restrictive trade. Two final contributions address problems for which simulation modeling is especially useful. The first considers the effectiveness of an import surcharge in reducing the U.S. trade deficit and the second treats the welfare effects of liberalization in South Korea where increasing returns to scale are significant These innovative studies focus on economic behavior that will provide valuable insights for policymakers, academic economists, and students.
Download or read book Quantitative Methods For Assessing The Effects Of Non tariff Measures And Trade Facilitation written by Michael J Ferrantino and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-04-26 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As tariffs have fallen worldwide, the increasing importance of non-tariff policies for further trade liberalization has become widely recognized. The methods for assessing the potential effects of such liberalization have lagged significantly behind those available for analyzing tariffs. This book is the first volume that comprehensively addresses this gap. It has been designed to be useful for both economists and policymakers, especially for those involved in communicating ideas and results between economists and policymakers.This indispensable book contains cutting-edge discussions of the full range of methodologies used in this area, including business surveys, summary statistics such as effective rates of protection and price gaps, time-series and panel econometrics, and simulation methods such as computable general equilibrium. It covers the entire spectrum of policies under discussion in current trade negotiations, including trade facilitation, services policies, quantitative measures, customs procedures, standards, movement of natural persons, and anti-dumping.Some prominent contributors to this book are Bijit Bora (World Trade Organization), John Wilson, Tsunehiro Otsuki and Vlad Manole (World Bank), Catherine Mann (Institute of International Economics), Alan Deardorff and Robert Stern (University of Michigan), Joe Francois (Erasmus University), Dean Spinanger (University of Kiel), Antoni Estevadeordal and Kati Suominen (Inter-American Development Bank), Thomas Prusa (Rutgers University), Thomas Hertel and Terrie Walmsley (Purdue University), Scott Bradford (Brigham Young University), Judith Dean, Robert Feinberg, Soamiely Andriamananjara and Marinos Tsigas (US International Trade Commission).
Download or read book International Trade Policy written by David Greenaway and published by London : Macmillan. This book was released on 1983 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Restrictiveness Index as a Measure of Barriers in International Trade in Professional Services a Case of Poland written by Andzelika Kuznar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the paper is to measure barriers to trade in professional services in Poland and indicate the most restrictive sectors as well as to assess the level of discrimination of foreign services and service providers. Restrictiveness of the access to market in four sectors of professional services is measured: accountancy, legal, architectural and engineering services.In the case of services - more frequently than for tangible goods - barriers take the form of government regulations determining the market entry / establishment of a business or the way of running the business. These regulations may discriminate against foreign entities, or not. This can be checked on the basis of questionnaires or the analysis of government documents (laws, regulations) and industry regulations (e.g. codes of professional ethics). Restrictions are given a numerical value and weight. In this way, restrictiveness index is constructed, measuring access to the service industry. The rationale for using the index of restrictiveness as a measure of barriers in professional services is given. Construction of several such indices for different groups of services allows a comparison of the degree of restrictiveness of foreign access to the Polish market with respect to domestic services and service providers as well as between different industries. This is a base for further studies of the possible results of removing the barriers.
