Download or read book Measuring the Energy Required to Dry Rice in Commercial Rice Dryers written by Maria Alejandra Billiris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to quantify and assess the energy use and efficiency of commercial cross-flow dryers when drying rice using a range of drying and ambient conditions. First, equations that predict the theoretical energy required to dry rice from any given initial moisture content to a desired final moisture content were developed for several rice cultivars using a semi-theoretical approach to obtain a basis for comparison to calculate energy efficiency. Theoretical energy requirements, expressed as the energy required per unit mass of water removed, increased exponentially as initial moisture content decreased. Additionally, medium-grains required more energy to be dried than long-grains; non-parboiled rice required more energy to be dried than parboiled rice. Second, a two-year study was performed to measure energy requirements of both an on-farm, cross-flow dryer and a commercial, cross-flow dryer. In 2011 for the on-farm dryer, energy requirements ranged from 2,840 to 5,310 kJ/kg water removed and in 2012 from 3,730 to 5,840 kJ/kg water removed. Energy efficiencies, which were calculated as the ratio of theoretical energy requirements to the measured energy requirements, ranged from 47 to 90% in 2011 and from 44 to 69% in 2012. Thermal energy requirements of the commercial dryer ranged from 6,900 to 9,670 kJ/kg water removed in 2011 and from 8,800 to 9,620 in 2012. Electrical energy use, which ranged from 300 to 400 kJ/kg water removed in 2011 and from 410 to 630 in 2012. Energy efficiency ranged from 26 to 36% in 2011 and from 27 to 29% in 2012. It was found for both dryers that thermal energy requirements were linearly correlated to the difference between drying air temperature and ambient temperature and linearly and inversely correlated to the amount of water removed per mass dry matter. Equations were developed to predict energy use and efficiency as a function of these two parameters.
Download or read book Analysis of Two Commercial Rice drying Systems Under Malaysian Conditions written by Hussain Bin Mohd Salleh and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drying Rice with a Solar Energy System written by Alexandros Gregoire Karamanos and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems written by Neal K. Van Alfen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 2745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Second Edition, Five Volume Set addresses important issues by examining topics of global agriculture and food systems that are key to understanding the challenges we face. Questions it addresses include: Will we be able to produce enough food to meet the increasing dietary needs and wants of the additional two billion people expected to inhabit our planet by 2050? Will we be able to meet the need for so much more food while simultaneously reducing adverse environmental effects of today’s agriculture practices? Will we be able to produce the additional food using less land and water than we use now? These are among the most important challenges that face our planet in the coming decades. The broad themes of food systems and people, agriculture and the environment, the science of agriculture, agricultural products, and agricultural production systems are covered in more than 200 separate chapters of this work. The book provides information that serves as the foundation for discussion of the food and environment challenges of the world. An international group of highly respected authors addresses these issues from a global perspective and provides the background, references, and linkages for further exploration of each of topics of this comprehensive work. Addresses important challenges of sustainability and efficiency from a global perspective. Takes a detailed look at the important issues affecting the agricultural and food industries today. Full colour throughout.
Download or read book Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Costs of Commercial Drying Storing and Handling Rough Rice 1965 66 Classic Reprint written by Dale Leroy Shaw and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Costs of Commercial Drying, Storing, and Handling Rough Rice, 1965-66 As competition and rice handling and storage operating costs increase, efficiency becomes more important. If a commercial rice dryer Operator is to be competitive and provide low-cost services while earning a reasonable profit, he must maintain a high degree of operating efficiency. Detailed cost infor mation, by functions, provides a basis for operators to evaluate the impact on costs of such factors as type of storage facility, size or scale of operation, and variations in storage capacity utilized. Results of this study and others are combined into an analysis of the organization and operation of the rice industry. These data and analyses are applicable and useful to the rice industry. Changes since 1965 - 66 would not affect the usefulness of these cost relationships. Rice is normally harvested with moisture levels ranging from 18 to 26 percent. Since it cannot be safely held for long periods at these levels, the moisture content is generally reduced to about 12 to 14 percent before storing. At commercial dryers, this is accomplished artificially by use of aeration and heat. Although much of the moisture can be removed by aeration alone, use of heated air greatly reduces drying time, making it possible to handle larger volumes of rice in shorter periods. As with most other crops, average length of the rice harvesting season has declined in recent years. Thus, the bulk of green paddy rice is now harvested within 4 to 6 weeks. Handling rates at commercial dryers, which provide both drying and storing facilities, must be geared to harvesting rates to compete effectively. Commercial rice dryers have attempted to keep pace with the rapid advances in harvesting technology through the adoption of better equipment and improved operating practices. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Energy and Development written by United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Hunger and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Engineering Volume 3 Agricultural Mechanisation written by Vincent A. Dodd and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of proceedings volumes provides a broad coverage of basic and applied research projects dealing with the application of engineering principles to both food production and processing. The set consists of the following four volumes: Land and water use, Agricultural buildings, Agricultural mechanisation and Power, processing and systems. Includes about 450 papers from over 50 countries worldwide, drawn from the Eleventh International Congress on Agricultural Engineering, Dublin, 4-8 September 1989.
Download or read book A New Rice drying System written by Heru Prono Widayat and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Energy and Nonfossil Fuel Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Economic Analysis of Commercial Rice Drying and Storage Facilities written by Shelby Herbert Holder and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Commercial Rice Drying in Texas written by Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Molla and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Two Commercial Rice drying Systems Under Malaysian Conditions written by Hussain Mohd. Salleh and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storage of Cereal Grains and Their Products written by Kurt A. Rosentrater and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storage of Grains and Their Products, Fifth Edition, presents the most authoritative reference on the principles and practices of storing and handling grains and their products. Divided into four main sections, the book covers the range of storage systems available in both the developed and developing world, the practicalities of the design and implementation of grain storage systems, looking in detail at handling, cleaning, drying, aeration, instrumentation amongst other topics, specific threats to stored grains, pulses, oils and pseudocereals from chemicals, rodents, insects and biosecurity, and the economics of grain storage, government regulations and future considerations. Professionals responsible for the storage and handling of grains will find this book a great resource, however, it will also be of interest to academic researchers and postgraduate students in both cereal science and food processing. Presents an up-to-date, end-to-end overview of the processing and storage of grain and grain related products Includes eleven new chapters that provide the latest insights into grain storage Edited by active cereals researchers working in industry, with experts from both academia and industry supplying chapters Includes essential information on the design and operation of grain facilities Provides coverage of the preservation of grain quality against specific threats
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technological and Economic Assessment of the Utilizaion of Rice Straw Residue from the California Sacramento Valley for On farm Power Generation written by Brian Horsfield and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Drying Fourth Edition written by Arun S. Mujumdar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 1350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By far the most commonly encountered and energy-intensive unit operation in almost all industrial sectors, industrial drying continues to attract the interest of scientists, researchers, and engineers. The Handbook of Industrial Drying, Fourth Edition not only delivers a comprehensive treatment of the current state of the art, but also serves as a consultative reference for streamlining industrial drying operations. New to the Fourth Edition: Computational fluid dynamic simulation Solar, impingement, and pulse combustion drying Drying of fruits, vegetables, sugar, biomass, and coal Physicochemical aspects of sludge drying Life-cycle assessment of drying systems Covering commonly encountered dryers as well as innovative dryers with future potential, the Handbook of Industrial Drying, Fourth Edition not only details the latest developments in the field, but also explains how improvements in dryer design and operation can increase energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
