Download or read book Measuring Technological Change of Heterogeneous Products written by Arthur J. Alexander and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1984 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological-change measures of heterogeneous products must account for their diverse characteristics. The central task of this report is to develop and apply such measures. The following definition focuses on the heterogeneous nature of products: Technological change of a product, whose characteristics and prices change over time, is the change in total factor inputs required to produce the product, holding characteristics (output) constant. The authors develop a theory of technological design and production to provide an explicit framework in which to place empirical measures of technological change, hedonic price indexes, and cost-estimating relationships. Technological change equations were estimated for milling machines, turbine-powered airliners, and turbine engines. Based on the empirical findings, the authors conclude that, because of omitted variables, the use of product characteristics as a shortcut to measures of value and performance is an uncertain undertaking and cannot be counted on to produce adequate measures of productivity, hedonic prices, or technological change.
Download or read book A Method of Measuring Short term Impacts of Technological Change on Employment and Occupations written by Denver Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: USA. Application, by means of a case study of the work of launderers (service sector workers), of a research method of measuring the labour force effects arising from technological changes and the use of automation - includes examination of job requirements, labour productivity, prices, wages rates, etc., in selected power laundries.
Download or read book Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology written by A.F.J. van Raan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative studies of science and technology represent the research field of utilization of mathematical, statistical, and data-analytical methods and techniques for gathering, handling, interpreting, and predicting a variety of features of the science and technology enterprise, such as performance, development, and dynamics. The field has both strongly developed applied research as well as basic research characteristics.The principal purpose of this handbook is to present this wide range of topics in sufficient depth to give readers a reasonably systematic understanding of the domain of contemporary quantitative studies of science and technology, a domain which incorporates theory, methods and techniques, and applications. In addressing this domain, the handbook aims at different groups of readers: those conducting research in the field of science and technology, including (graduate) students, and those who are to use results of the work presented in this book.
Download or read book The Measurement of Durable Goods Prices written by Robert J. Gordon and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American business has recently been under fire, charged with inflated pricing and an inability to compete in the international marketplace. However, the evidence presented in this volume shows that the business community has been unfairly maligned—official measures of inflation and the standard of living have failed to account for progress in the quality of business equipment and consumer goods. Businesses have actually achieved higher productivity at lower prices, and new goods are lighter, faster, more energy efficient, and more reliable than their predecessors. Robert J. Gordon has written the first full-scale work to treat the extent of quality changes over the entire range of durable goods, from autos to aircraft, computers to compressors, from televisions to tractors. He combines and extends existing methods of measurement, drawing data from industry sources, Consumer Reports, and the venerable Sears catalog. Beyond his important finding that the American economy is more sound than officially recognized, Gordon provides a wealth of anecdotes tracing the postwar history of technological progress. Bolstering his argument that improved quality must be accurately measured, Gordon notes, for example, that today's mid-range personal computers outperform the multimillion-dollar mainframes of the 1970s. This remarkable book will be essential reading for economists and those in the business community.
Download or read book Project Summaries written by National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Science Resources Studies and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Localized Technological Change and Industrial Dynamics written by Cristiano Antonelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of localized technological change is emerging at the crossroads of different approaches to the economics of innovation and new technologies. The term `localized technological change' refers to the introduction of technological changes which make possible an increase in total factor productivity within only a limited range of techniques defined by the levels of factor intensity. This contrasts with `generalized technological change', which is defined as the global shift of all the techniques represented on the map of isoquants of the neoclassical tradition. The Economics of Localized Technological Change elaborates the notion of localized technology with respect to firms, factor substitution, sectors, regions and techniques. It also assesses the implications for industrial policy, technology and innovation policy. The book will be of interest to corporate policy makers, scholars of industrial organization and economics of innovation as well as business school students.
Download or read book Cost Analysis and Estimating written by Willis R., Jr. Greer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in production processes reflect the technological advances permeat ing our products and services. U. S. industry is modernizing and automating. In parallel, direct labor is fading as the primary cost driver while engineering and technology related cost elements loom ever larger. Traditional, labor-based ap proaches to estimating costs are losing their relevance. Old methods require aug mentation with new estimating tools and techniques that capture the emerging environment. This volume represents one of many responses to this challenge by the cost analysis profession. The Institute of Cost Analysis (lCA) is dedicated to improving the effective ness of cost and price analysis and enhancing the professional competence of its members. We encourage and promote exchange of research findings and appli cations between the academic community and cost professionals in industry and government. The 1990 National Meeting in Los Angeles, jointly spo~sored by ICA and the National Estimating Society (NES), provides such a forum. Presen tations will focus on new and improved tools and techniques of cost analysis. This volume is the second in a series. The first was produced in conjunction with the 1989 National Meeting of ICA/NES in Washington, D.C. The articles in this volume, all refereed, were selected from about 100 submitted for presen tation at the Los Angeles meeting.
Download or read book R and D Education and Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Griliches was a modern master of empirical economics. Here, he recounts what he and others have learned about the sources of economic growth, and conveys how he tackled research problems. For Griliches, theorizing without measurement produces mere parables, but measurement without theory is blind. Judgment enables one to strike the right balance.
Download or read book New Books written by National Defense University. Library and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of Technology written by Ian Inkster and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical problems confronting different societies and periods and the measures taken to solve them form the concern of this annual collection of essays. It deals with the history of technical discovery and change and explores the relationship of technology to other aspects of life - social, cultural and economic - showing how technological development has shaped, and been shaped by, the society in which it occurred.
Download or read book Technological Change and the Environment written by Arnulf Grübler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is written in the popular literature about the current pace of technological change. But do we have enough scientific knowledge about the sources and management of innovation to properly inform policymaking in technology dependent domains such as energy and the environment? While it is agreed that technological change does not 'fall from heaven like autumn leaves,' the theory, data, and models are deficient. The specific mechanisms that govern the rate and direction of inventive activity, the drivers and scope for incremental improvements that occur during technology diffusion, and the spillover effects that cross-fertilize technological innovations remain poorly understood. In a work that will interest serious readers of history, policy, and economics, the editors and their distinguished contributors offer a unique, single volume overview of the theoretical and empirical work on technological change. Beginning with a survey of existing research, they provide analysis and case studies in contexts such as medicine, agriculture, and power generation, paying particular attention to what technological change means for efficiency, productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. The book includes a historical analysis of technological change, an examination of the overall direction of technological change, and general theories about the sources of change. The contributors empirically test hypotheses of induced innovation and theories of institutional innovation. They propose ways to model induced technological change and evaluate its impact, and they consider issues such as uncertainty in technology returns, technology crossover effects, and clustering. A copublication o Resources for the Future (RFF) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
Download or read book Postindustrial Possibilities written by Fred L. Block and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it is often acknowledged that we live in a "postindustrial" age, our economic concepts have lagged far behind our postmodern sensibility. In this incisive new work, the well-known sociologist, Fred Block, sheds obsolete and shopworn economic analysi
Download or read book Probability is All We Have written by James K. Hammitt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1990. In this study, the author suggests ways that policy-makers can think about environmental policy choice that responds to the importance of uncertainty and delay. Hammitt describes several tools for environmental policy analysis and illustrates their application to important policy issues. In the first part of the book, dealing with stratospheric-ozone depletion, the author describes techniques for accommodating outcome uncertainties. The second part of the study considers the health risks associated with pesticide residues on food. The final section addresses the issue of potential global climate change, and describes how the tools explored can be applied to this new challenge. This book should be of greatest interest to academic, government, and industry analysts and others concerned with improving methods for environmental-policy making.
Download or read book Dynamics of Technological Change written by Girifalco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology is not an end in itself, but a way of satisfying human wants. It shows us how to solve the age-old economic problem of surviving and pros pering in a hard world. But to optimize the benefits of technological advance requires an understanding of how it happens. The purpose of this book is to provide some of that understanding. The subject is so enormous and so intertwined with every human activity that a small selection of it, and that from a special viewpoint, is inevitable. The selection of subject matter has been, of course, conditioned by what interests me and is somewhat heterogeneous. However, it is connected by two major themes. The first is that it emphasizes the dynamic nature of technology, in the sense that it must be approached as a process evolving in time that can often be described in quantitative terms. The second is that I have chosen topics that I believe are essential for a strategic sense of how to plan for, execute, and respond to technological change. These two themes complement each other because the strategic sense requires an appreciation of the dynamics and the dynamics naturally lead to a consideration of how to deal with technology so that it can be used to achieve human objectives. The unifying thought behind the book is that technological change has a systemic as well as an idiosyncratic aspect.
Download or read book Growth Through Heterogeneous Innovations written by Ufuk Akcigit and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study how external versus internal innovations promote economic growth through a tractable endogenous growth framework with multiple innovation sizes, multi-product firms, and entry/exit. Firms invest in external R&D to acquire new product lines and in internal R&D to improve their existing product lines. A baseline model derives the theoretical implications of weaker scaling for external R&D versus internal R&D, and the resulting predictions align with observed empirical regularities for innovative firms. Quantifying a generalized model for the recent U.S. economy using matched Census Bureau and patent data, we observe a modest departure for external R&D from perfect scaling frameworks.
Download or read book Selected Rand Abstracts written by Rand Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes publications previously listed in the supplements to the Index of selected publications of the Rand Corporation (Oct. 1962-Feb. 1963)
Download or read book General Technical Report RM written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
