Download or read book Measuring Housing Costs and Housing Affordability Using SOEP an Example Applied to Older Households written by Alberto Lozano Alcántara and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the methodological issues to take into account when using SOEP as a database for calculating a measure of housing costs and housing affordability. For this purpose, we focus on the evolution of housing costs for households headed by elderly people between 1998 and 2018. Our review yields two clear conclusions: (1) that SOEP represents a valuable source of data for calculating household housing costs; and (2) that it is important to take changes made in the SOEP questionnaires into account and to make the appropriate assumptions when one wishes to analyse how housing costs have evolved over time (or how they evolve over the life course). Besides, our results confirm previous studies (Romeu Gordo, Grabka, Lozano Alcántara, Engstler, & Vogel, 2019) by showing that housing costs tend to be higher for elderly tenants than for the homeowners and that this difference widened during the period between 1998 and 2018.
Download or read book National Analysis of Housing Affordability Adequacy and Availability written by Amy Bogdon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Housing Affordability A New Dataset written by Nina Biljanovska and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-12 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid increase in house prices in the past few years, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, raises concerns about housing affordability. The price-to-income ratio is a widely-used indicator of affordability, but does not take into account important factors such as the cost of financing. The aim of this paper is to construct a measure of housing affordability that takes these factors into account for a large set of countries and long period of time. The resulting dataset covers an unbalanced panel of 40 countries over the period from 1970Q1 to 2021Q4. For each country, the index measures the extent to which a median-income household can qualify for a mortgage loan to purchase an average-priced home. To gauge the performance of the constructed indices, we compare them to other readily-available mesures of affordability and examine the evolution of the indices over time to understand the relevant drivers, including in a regression analysis to assess the extent to which government housing programs could contribute to improving affordability.
Download or read book A Study of the Reliability of Measurement Methods of Housing Affordability Problems written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the accuracy of responses to questions used in previous program evaluations to assess household income and shelter costs and determine the origin of any systematic inaccuracies. The report concentrates on measurement of affordability problems using instruments based on eligibility measures of housing affordability. The study interviewed project administrators, thus providing a general overview regarding rent-geared-to-income setting policies for each of the sampled projects; reviewed the collection of administrative data on income and shelter costs used in the calculation of rents; and surveyed tenants of a sample of non-profit housing projects committed since 1985. This report reviews the methodology used in the research, provides details on the analyses conducted on the data as well as the resultant findings of real and artificial affordability problems, and presents recommendations for improvements to the income and shelter cost data collection sections of future CMHC questionnaires.
Download or read book Measuring Housing Affordability written by Robert J. Hill and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We draw a distinction between the concepts of purchase affordability (whether a household is able to borrow enough funds to purchase a house) and repayment affordability (the burden imposed on a household of repaying the mortgage). We operationalize this distinction in the context of a new methodology for constructing affordability measures that draws on the value-at-risk concept and takes account of the whole distribution of household income and house prices rather than just the median. Empirically we find that the distinction between purchase and repayment affordability can be pronounced. In the Sydney prime mortgage market over the period 1996 to 2006, repayment affordability deteriorated very significantly while purchase affordability remained quite stable. This difference can be attributed to the loosening of credit constraints in the mortgage market which it seems has carried through primarily into higher house prices. We also consider how median house-price-to-income ratio measures of affordability can be extended to take account of the whole distribution of income and house prices. We propose a new quantile based measure which indicates that the housing affordability problem may be systematically worse than suggested by standard median measures.
Download or read book Housing Affordability written by Gennadi Kazakevitch and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broadly accepted housing affordability indicator is calculated as the housing cost-to-income ratio. But this only takes into consideration two averaged variables: household housing costs and household income, both of which are ambiguous and misleading as an across-the-board average. An alternative system of housing affordability measurement is suggested in this paper based on disposable income left after accounting for housing expenses. In contrary to the broadly used conventional indicator, the proposed measurement takes into account different income groups, ages and types of households as well as the level of housing consumption. This indicator, combined with the "after housing poverty line" allows for the singling out of groups of households most in need of housing help, and therefore develop more informed housing polices. Based on the proposed system of measurement, an extensive empirical work is presented using the series of the ABS Income and Housing Surveys. The results demonstrate, from a new angle, the dynamics of housing affordability in Australia during the recent decade which leads to policy implications different to polices currently in use.
Download or read book Measuring Housing Affordability in an Emerging Market written by Gary J. Rangel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of housing affordability is a phenomenon that affects both developed and developing countries across the world. Researchers have tried to operationalize measures of housing affordability, resulting in short-run measures such as the median multiple approach, the expenditure-to-income ratio and the residual income approach. Using the lifetime income approach developed by Abeysinghe and Gu (2011), we track and analyze long-run housing affordability in Malaysia at various household income percentiles from 1995 to 2014. We do this via the computation of the Housing Affordability Index and the Mortgage Affordability Index, with the latter based on the intergenerational transfers literature relevant in the Malaysian context. The results show that households at the 25th income percentile cannot afford any of the four dwelling types in Malaysia. For the 40th income percentile and those households at median income levels, high-rise and terrace housing are affordable. However, we document significant downward trends in the housing affordability index and the mortgage affordability index starting in 2009, which indicates increasing housing stress for households at or below the median income. We also demonstrate how contradicting conclusions on housing affordability are reached if a median multiple approach had been used. Based on the results, we contribute to the literature on housing affordability by suggesting general proposals to ameliorate the housing affordability problem in the context of a developing country such as Malaysia.
Download or read book Weaknesses of Housing Affordability Indices Used by Practitioners written by Melanie Jewkes and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subprime mortgage and foreclosure meltdown of 2007-2008 emphasized the need for a re-conceptualization of measures of an individual household's ability to afford housing. A clear link needs to be established between what a household can afford and the loan amount for which a household qualifies. This paper provides a conceptual review of three commonly used housing affordability indices in the United States: (a) the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Affordability Index for homeowners and renters; (b) the National Low Income Housing Coalition Affordability Index for renters, also known as Housing Wage; and (c) the National Association of Realtors Affordability Index for homeowners. The review of measures showed a lack of ability to easily adapt housing affordability measures to individual households. Discussions on issues related to housing affordability measures are presented, including market affordability verses individual affordability, the residual income approach, and housing affordability and transportation costs. The authors recommend that housing practitioners utilize an adapted residual income approach that considers household size, geographic location, transportation, and non-housing related expenses, rather than standard affordability measures or qualifying guidelines. The authors also recommend that researchers and policy makers review qualifying ratios and make appropriate changes to better determine an individual household's ability to afford housing.
Download or read book How Housing Instability Occurs written by Seungbeom Kang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to an acute shortage of affordable housing, millions of American renter households suffer from severe housing cost burdens, using over half of their incomes to pay housing costs. Along with the housing affordability problem that is commonplace in the United States, housing instability, often represented by involuntary and frequent residential mobility, is rampant among low-income renters. Scholars in many disciplines have increasingly expressed concern about the prevalence of housing instability because of its detrimental effects on low-income people’s lives. Housing instability negatively affects education environments of children, employment, mental health, social relationships, and so on. Although housing instability is becoming a widespread urban problem and a key mechanism of poverty in US cities, little is known about in what conditions housing instability occurs. Understanding the conditions in which housing instability is likely to occur is a fundamental step for researchers and policymakers to measure the varied housing needs for stable housing and to suggest effective policy approaches to providing stable housing to unsubsidized renter households. This dissertation examines the question of how household-level factors, metropolitan-level conditions, and different types of housing assistance are associated with the risk of housing instability. By analyzing a unique panel dataset built upon the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and other secondary data, this dissertation identifies subgroups vulnerable to housing instability in rental housing markets. This dissertation contains three essays, each of which is designed to examine a different aspect of housing instability. In my first essay, Why Low-Income Households Become Unstably Housed, I estimate the effects of potential household-level predictors on the likelihood of experiencing housing instability. The results reveal that changes in family employment structure, job insecurity, automobile ownership, and the number of adult family members within a household correlate with housing instability after controlling for changes in household income and housing costs—both of which are two main elements of a housing cost burden of a household. Moreover, I find that families with a greater number of children are particularly vulnerable to housing instability. These results contribute to identifying valid household-level predictors of housing instability and developing preventive policy interventions that help unsubsidized low-income households achieve housing stability. My second essay, Identifying Regional Determinants of Housing Instability, addresses one research question: Under what regional conditions are low-income renter households more likely to experience housing instability? I analyze the PSID dataset combined with multiple secondary datasets that include information about neighborhood- and metropolitan-level conditions within 252 metropolitan areas. Results reveal that low-income renter households are more likely to experience housing instability when residing in a region in which the poverty rate and car dependency are high. In particular, housing instability is likely to occur when households have no vehicle and reside in a region where a large proportion of commuters use automobiles. The third essay, To Whom Housing Policies Provide Stable Housing, examines potential variations in the roles of housing programs in alleviating housing instability. Specifically, this study focuses on exploring the associations between the five statuses related to receiving or leaving housing assistance and subsequent housing instability experience. These statuses include households that: (1) reside in a public or project-based subsidized housing (PH) unit; (2) leave a PH unit; (3) receive a Housing Choice Voucher (HCV); (4) leave the HCV program; and (5) are unsubsidized but income-eligible for housing assistance. Results reveal that, although all housing assistance recipients are less likely to experience housing instability than income-eligible unsubsidized households, HCV recipients are relatively more likely to experience housing instability than PH residents. Moreover, those who made their transitions off the assistance do not significantly differ from income-eligible unsubsidized households. These findings contribute to expanding the knowledge about the double-sided roles of tenant-based housing programs; on the one hand, the programs can encourage program participants to leave concentrated poverty areas. If housing consistency is lost, on the other hand, the programs can make them exposed to a wide variety of market-related risks that could destabilize their housing circumstances. The findings from the essays have several implications for housing policy and planning practice. The first two essays suggest a set of household-level and metropolitan-level determinants of housing instability. These results suggest subgroups of the low-income population that are more vulnerable to housing instability in private rental housing markets. The third essay provides housing assistance statuses that heighten the risk of housing instability among subsidized households. These findings would help public housing authorities, and urban planners (1) predict the size and type of households vulnerable to housing instability, (2) improve strategies to allocate limited resources for alleviating housing instability, and (3) develop alternative ways to help low-income households achieve housing stability.
Download or read book Social Dynamics in Swiss Society written by Robin Tillmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using longitudinal data from the Swiss Household Panel to zoom in on continuity and change in the life course, this open access book describes how the lives of the Swiss population have changed in terms of health, family circumstances, work, political participation, and migration over the last sixteen years. What are the different trajectories in terms of mobility, health, wealth, and family constellations? What are the drivers behind all these changes over time and in the life course? And what are the implications for inequality in society and for social policy? The Swiss Household Panel is a unique ongoing longitudinal survey that has followed a large sample of Swiss households since 1999. The data provide the rare opportunity to go beyond a snapshot of contemporary Swiss society and give insight into the processes in people’s lives and in society that lie behind recent developments.
Download or read book Home Ownership and Social Inequality in Comparative Perspective written by Karin Kurz and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-09 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cross-national comparative study analyzes the relationship between social inequality and the attainment of home ownership over the life course in 12 countries.
Download or read book Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures written by Christopher D. Carroll and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robust and reliable measures of consumer expenditures are essential for analyzing aggregate economic activity and for measuring differences in household circumstances. Many countries, including the United States, are embarking on ambitious projects to redesign surveys of consumer expenditures, with the goal of better capturing economic heterogeneity. This is an appropriate time to examine the way consumer expenditures are currently measured, and the challenges and opportunities that alternative approaches might present. Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures begins with a comprehensive review of current methodologies for collecting consumer expenditure data. Subsequent chapters highlight the range of different objectives that expenditure surveys may satisfy, compare the data available from consumer expenditure surveys with that available from other sources, and describe how the United States’s current survey practices compare with those in other nations.
Download or read book Dollar a Day Revisited written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The article presents the first major update of the international $1 a day poverty line, proposed in World Development Report 1990: Poverty for measuring absolute poverty by the standards of the world's poorest countries. In a new and more representative data set of national poverty lines, a marked economic gradient emerges only when consumption per person is above about $2.00 a day at 2005 purchasing power parity. Below this, the average poverty line is $1.25, which is proposed as the new international poverty line. The article tests the robustness of this line to alternative estimation methods and explains how it differs from the old $1 a day line.
Download or read book Geographies of Asylum in Europe and the Role of European Localities written by Birgit Glorius and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-03 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes how the numerous arrivals of asylum seekers since 2015 shaped reception and integration processes in Europe. It addresses the structuration of asylum and reception systems, and spaces and places of reception on European, national, regional and local level. It also analyses perceptions and discourses on asylum and refugees, their evolvement and the consequences for policy development. Furthermore, it examines practices and policy developments in the field of refugee reception and integration. The volume shows and explains a variety of refugee reception and integration strategies and practices as specific outcome of multilevel governance processes in Europe. By addressing and contextualizing those multiple experiences of asylum seeker reception, the book is a valuable contribution to the literature on migration and integration, societal development and political culture in Europe.
Download or read book Guide on Valuing Unpaid Household Service Work written by United Nations Publications and published by Index to Proceedings of the Ge. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication discusses the concept of unpaid household service work, focuses on identifying methodological and implementation issues with measuring own-use production work of services, and the challenges associated with both the measurement of labour input and the subsequent valuation.
Download or read book Post Keynesian Economics written by Kenneth K. Kurihara and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the extension of Keynes' General Theory by a group of eminent economists. Each essay takes Keynes' work as a frame of reference for criticism, explorations and insights, whilst adding to the superstructure on the foundation of the General Theory. The essays also provide the necessary sense of perspective with a view to examining the Keynesian contribution to economic thought and also the limitations of Keynesian economics. The international contributors include: Dudley Dillard, Martin Bronfenbrenner, Mabel F. Timlin, William S. Vickrey, Don Patinkin, Howard R. Bowen, Gerald M. Meier, R.C.O. Matthews, Shinichi Ichimura, Anatol Murad, Lawrence R. Klein, Shigeto Tsuru, Paul P. Streeten, Lorie Tarshis and Franco Modigliani.
Download or read book Guide on Poverty Measurement written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vejledning om anvendelse af forskellige målemetoder, med det formål at forbedre den internationale sammenlignelighed af fattigdomsstatistikker.
