Download or read book Measuring and Modeling of Methane Emissions from Ponds in High Latitudes written by Zoé Rehder and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Joint North American European Workshop on Measurement and Modeling of Methane Fluxes from Landfills written by Joint North American-European Workshop on Measurement and Modeling of Methane Fluxes from Landfills (Argonne, Ill.) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Download or read book Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region written by R. Krishnan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses the impact of human-induced global climate change on the regional climate and monsoons of the Indian subcontinent, adjoining Indian Ocean and the Himalayas. It documents the regional climate change projections based on the climate models used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and climate change modeling studies using the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) and CORDEX South Asia datasets. The IPCC assessment reports, published every 6–7 years, constitute important reference materials for major policy decisions on climate change, adaptation, and mitigation. While the IPCC assessment reports largely provide a global perspective on climate change, the focus on regional climate change aspects is considerably limited. The effects of climate change over the Indian subcontinent involve complex physical processes on different space and time scales, especially given that the mean climate of this region is generally shaped by the Indian monsoon and the unique high-elevation geographical features such as the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Tibetan Plateau and the adjoining Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. This book also presents policy relevant information based on robust scientific analysis and assessments of the observed and projected future climate change over the Indian region.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Limnology written by Jacob Kalff and published by Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. This book was released on 2002 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For senior-level undergraduate or graduate courses in limnology or aquatic management in the Life Sciences and Biology departments. Written from an ecosystem perspective, this user-friendly and thorough text discusses events that happen below the waterline of lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The text links them back to the attributers of the drainage basins, the overlying atmosphere and climate, which have a major impact on inland waters and their biota. It also contains a large number of easy-to-comprehend figures and tables that reinforce the written material and provide evidence for statements made.
Download or read book Methane Fluxes Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere at Northern High Latitudes During the Past Century written by Qianlai Zhuang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century in response to observed changes in the region's climate. We estimate that the net emissions of CH4 (emissions minus consumption) from these soils have increased by an average 0.08 Tg CH4 yr-1 during the 20th century. Our estimate of the annual net emission rate at the end of the century for the region is 51 Tg CH4 yr-1. Russia, Canada, and Alaska are the major CH4 regional sources to the atmosphere; responsible for 64%, 11%, and 7% of these net emissions, respectively. Our simulations indicate that large inter-annual variability in net CH4 emissions occurred over the last century. If CH4 emissions from the soils of the pan-Arctic region respond to future climate changes as our simulations suggest they have responded to observed climate changes over the 20th century, a large increase in high latitude CH4 emissions is likely and could lead to a major positive feedback to the climate system.
Download or read book Biogenic Trace Gases written by P. A. Matson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace gases are those that are present in the atmosphere at relatively low concentrations. Small changes in their concentrations can have profound implications for major atmospheric fluxes, and thereore, can be used as indicators in studies of global change, global biogeochemical cycling and global warming. This new how-to guide will detail the concepts and techniques involved in the detection and measurement of trace gases, and the impact they have on ecological studies. Introductory chapters look at the role of trace gases in global cycles, while later chapters go on to consider techniques for the measurement of gases in various environments and at a range of scales. A how-to guide for measuring atmospheric trace gases. Techniques described are of value in addressing current concerns over global climate change.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Wetlands written by Ralph W. Tiner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively Manage Wetland Resources Using the Best Available Remote Sensing TechniquesUtilizing top scientists in the wetland classification and mapping field, Remote Sensing of Wetlands: Applications and Advances covers the rapidly changing landscape of wetlands and describes the latest advances in remote sensing that have taken place over the pa
Download or read book Reconciling Basin Scale Top Down and Bottom Up Methane Emission Measurements for Onshore Oil and Gas Development Cooperative Research and Development Final Report CRADA Number CRD 14 572 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA)-funded research project is to develop independent estimates of methane emissions using top-down and bottom-up measurement approaches and then to compare the estimates, including consideration of uncertainty. Such approaches will be applied at two scales: basin and facility. At facility scale, multiple methods will be used to measure methane emissions of the whole facility (controlled dual tracer and single tracer releases, aircraft-based mass balance and Gaussian back-trajectory), which are considered top-down approaches. The bottom-up approach will sum emissions from identified point sources measured using appropriate source-level measurement techniques (e.g., high-flow meters). At basin scale, the top-down estimate will come from boundary layer airborne measurements upwind and downwind of the basin, using a regional mass balance model plus approaches to separate atmospheric methane emissions attributed to the oil and gas sector. The bottom-up estimate will result from statistical modeling (also known as scaling up) of measurements made at selected facilities, with gaps filled through measurements and other estimates based on other studies. The relative comparison of the bottom-up and top-down estimates made at both scales will help improve understanding of the accuracy of the tested measurement and modeling approaches. The subject of this CRADA is NREL's contribution to the overall project. This project resulted from winning a competitive solicitation no. RPSEA RFP2012UN001, proposal no. 12122-95, which is the basis for the overall project. This Joint Work Statement (JWS) details the contributions of NREL and Colorado School of Mines (CSM) in performance of the CRADA effort.
Download or read book Physical and biogeochemical processes driving methane sources sinks and emissions in aquatic systems The past present and future under global change written by Daniel F. McGinnis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thawing Permafrost written by J. van Huissteden and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.
Download or read book WETCHIMP WSL written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is known that wetlands are the world's largest natural source of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. The strong sensitivity of methane emissions to environmental factors such as soil temperature and moisture has led to concerns about potential positive feedbacks to climate change. This risk is particularly relevant at high latitudes, which have experienced pronounced warming and where thawing permafrost could potentially liberate large amounts of labile carbon over the next 100 years. However, global models disagree as to the magnitude and spatial distribution of emissions, due to uncertainties in wetland area and emissions per unit area and a scarcity of in situ observations. Recent intensive field campaigns across the West Siberian Lowland (WSL) make this an ideal region over which to assess the performance of large-scale process-based wetland models in a high-latitude environment. Here we present the results of a follow-up to the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Intercomparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), focused on the West Siberian Lowland (WETCHIMP-WSL). We assessed 21 models and 5 inversions over this domain in terms of total CH4 emissions, simulated wetland areas, and CH4 fluxes per unit wetland area and compared these results to an intensive in situ CH4 flux data set, several wetland maps, and two satellite surface water products. We found that (a) despite the large scatter of individual estimates, 12-year mean estimates of annual total emissions over the WSL from forward models (5.34 ± 0.54 Tg CH4 yr-1), inversions (6.06 ± 1.22 Tg CH4 yr-1), and in situ observations (3.91 ± 1.29 Tg CH4 yr-1) largely agreed; (b) forward models using surface water products alone to estimate wetland areas suffered from severe biases in CH4 emissions; (c) the interannual time series of models that lacked either soil thermal physics appropriate to the high latitudes or realistic emissions from unsaturated peatlands tended to be dominated by a single environmental driver (inundation or air temperature), unlike those of inversions and more sophisticated forward models; (d) differences in biogeochemical schemes across models had relatively smaller influence over performance; and (e) multiyear or multidecade observational records are crucial for evaluating models' responses to long-term climate change.
Download or read book Joint North American European Workshop on Measurement and Modeling of Methane Fluxes from Landfills written by Joint North American European Workshop on Measurement and Modeling of Methane Fluxes from Landfills and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nexus of Observing and Modeling Methane Emissions from Inland Water Bodies written by Timothy H. Morin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane (CH4) emissions and carbon uptake in temperate freshwater wetlands act in opposing directions in the context of global radiative forcing. Large uncertainties exist for the rates of CH4 emissions making it difficult to determine the extent that CH4 emissions counteract the carbon sequestration of wetlands. There are many reasons for these uncertainties. CH4 is biologically synthesized generated in anaerobic sediments but can also be oxidized in the presence of appropriate electron acceptors. CH4 in the soil can reach the atmosphere through diffusion, plant mediation, or ebullition. Methane emissions are the end result of the interaction of all these processes, many of which are poorly understood. Additionally, wetlands are typically small and feature highly heterogeneous land cover. Each classification of land coverage may have different factors that influence its eventual emissions resulting in spatially variable methane fluxes within a wetland. This heterogeneity poses an additional challenge to determining their CH4 budget. We measured CH4 emissions at two wetlands in Ohio: 1) The Olentangy River Wetland Research Park – an experimental constructed flow through wetland park featuring two permanently flooded wetlands and 2) Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve – A natural freshwater estuary wetland hydrologically linked to Lake Erie. We used non-steady state chambers and eddy covariance systems to characterize vertical fluxes of CH4 from the surface of the wetlands. Pore water dialysis peepers were used to approximate the belowground processes leading the emissions. We combined our measurements with numerical modeling techniques to investigate the seasonal and diurnal profiles of CH4 emissions, determine the main environmental drivers of methane emissions, understand the influence of site level heterogeneity, and to characterize the belowground processes responsible for CH4 generation/consumption in wetlands.
Download or read book Spatially Temporally and Molecularly Resolved Models for Methane Emission Estimation in Oil and Gas Production Basins written by Felipe Javier Cardoso Saldaña and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade and a half, shale resource development in the United States has led to increased production of oil and natural gas. The main component of natural gas is methane, a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 28-34 times higher than carbon dioxide over a hundred year timespan. Methane emissions occur throughout the natural gas supply chain, from production to end use, and could undermine the use of natural gas as a potential transition fuel towards low-carbon energy systems. Over the past seven years, numerous studies have changed the understanding of methane emissions throughout the natural gas supply chain, from production to end use. Some individual sources are very large, relative to others of similar type. Some sources are intermittent, and their emissions can represent a large fraction of the region’s total when they occur. A critical next step towards emission mitigation is to have models that represent this improved understanding of emissions. These models could act as independent estimates to be compared with ambient measurements, identifying emissions associated with abnormal operations, and assessing the effect of controls. This dissertation describes the development of emission models with high spatial and temporal resolution, that also provide procedures to estimate co-emitted species, such as ethane and propane, which can be used as tracers of emissions from oil and gas sources; procedures are developed to estimate the evolution of emissions over short (seconds or minutes) or long (years) periods of time. The modeling framework is applied in the Barnett Shale and Eagle Ford Shale regions in Texas and compared with ambient measurements. Changes in emissions for individual wells over short and long scales are assessed, and a library of molecular fingerprints of emissions in oil and gas regions is developed
Download or read book The Caledonide Orogen written by D. G. Gee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1985 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
