Download or read book Measurements of the Total CO2 Concentration and Partial Pressure of CO2 in Seawater During WOCE Expeditions in the South Pacific Ocean Progress Report January 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first year of the grant, we participated in three WOCE expeditions (a total of 152 days at sea) in the South Pacific Ocean, and the field phase of the proposed investigation has been successfully completed. The total CO2 concentration and pCO2 were determined at sea in 4419 water samples collected at 422 stations. On the basis of the shipboard analyses of SIO Reference Solutions for CO, and a comparison with the results of previous expeditions, the overall precision of our total CO2 determinations is estimated to be about ±2 uM/kg. The deep water data indicate that there is a CO2 maximum centered about 2600 meters deep. This appears to represent a southward return flow from the North Pacific. The magnitude and distribution of the CO, maximum observed along the 135.0°W meridian differ from those observed along the 150.5°W meridian due to Tuamotu Archipelago, a topographic high which interferes with the southward return flow. The surface water pCO2 data indicate that the South Pacific sub-tropical gyre water located between about 15°S and 50°S is a sink for atmospheric CO2.

Download or read book Measurements of the Total CO2 Concentration and Partial Pressure of CO2 in Seawater During WOCE Expeditions P 16 P 17 and P 19 in the South Pacific Ocean October 1992 April 1993 written by Taro Takahashi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurements of the Total CO sub 2 Concentration and Partial Pressure of CO sub 2 in Seawater During WOCE Expeditions in the South Pacific Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first year of the grant, we participated in three WOCE expeditions (a total of 152 days at sea) in the South Pacific Ocean, and the field phase of the proposed investigation has been successfully completed. The total CO[sub 2] concentration and pCO[sub 2] were determined at sea in 4419 water samples collected at 422 stations. On the basis of the shipboard analyses of SIO Reference Solutions for CO, and a comparison with the results of previous expeditions, the overall precision of our total CO[sub 2] determinations is estimated to be about [plus minus]2 uM/kg. The deep water data indicate that there is a CO[sub 2] maximum centered about 2600 meters deep. This appears to represent a southward return flow from the North Pacific. The magnitude and distribution of the CO, maximum observed along the 135.0[degrees]W meridian differ from those observed along the 150.5[degrees]W meridian due to Tuamotu Archipelago, a topographic high which interferes with the southward return flow. The surface water pCO[sub 2] data indicate that the South Pacific sub-tropical gyre water located between about 15[degrees]S and 50[degrees]S is a sink for atmospheric CO[sub 2].

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-10 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CO2 Measurements Along the WOCE P 16 and 19 Sections in the South Pacific Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the support from the Department of Energy, we participated in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) cruises to document the spatial variation of the properties of the carbonate system over the world ocean. With the other members of the DOE C02 science team, we took advantage of the initial postponed ship schedule to initiate an intercomparison of total dissolved inorganic carbon measurement in seawater. This work has proven to be essential for the measurements performed at sea soon after. We participated in 2 cruises in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean along 150° W and 135° W. Surface seawater C02 partial pressure (pCO2) measured along 150° W has been compared with earlier measurements made by Ray Weiss in 1979 along the same cruise track. The large variations of surface seawater pCO2 (pCO2{sup sea}) on short spatial and temporal scale do not allow us to determine whether anthropogenic C02 modified pC02{sup sea} in this ocean area. In the laboratory we also investigated a different means of measuring total alkalinity by thermometry. In this highly variable ocean, several complementary approaches are now underway to detect the anthropogenic signal and predict future changes: Continual monitoring of the carbonate properties in the ocean; Modeling and remote sensing; and monitoring of atmospheric pCO2 and pO2. In this report, we summarize the results of the at-sea measurements of the parameters of the carbonate system in seawater on the WOCE cruises P16c and P17c, as well as the theoretical and experimental results of laboratory studies made to improve the measurement techniques.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained in the South Pacific Ocean WOCE Sections P16A written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide concentration (TCO2) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in discrete water samples collected during three expeditions of the Research Vessel (R/V) Knorr in the South Pacific Ocean. Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the first cruise (WOCE Section P16A/P17A) began in Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia, on October 6, 1992, and returned to Papeete on November 25, 1992. The second cruise (WOCE Section P17E/P19S) began in Papeete on December 4, 1992, and finished in Punta Arenas, Chile, on January 22, 1993. The third expedition (WOCE Section P19C) started in Punta Arenas, on February 22 and finished in Panama City, Panama, on April 13, 1993. During the three expeditions, 422 hydrographic stations were occupied. Hydrographic and chemical measurements made along WOCE Sections P16A/P17A, P17E/P19S, and P19C included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen [measured by conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor], as well as discrete measurements of salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12), TCO2, and pCO2 measured at 4 and 20 C. In addition, potential temperatures were calculated from the measured variables.

Download or read book Measurements of Surface Ocean Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure During WOCE Summary of Research Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the research progress of the second year of research under ''Measurement of Surface Ocean Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure During WOCE'' and proposes to continue measurements of underway pCO2. During most of the first year of this grant, our efforts to measure pCO2 on WOCE WHP legs were frustrated by ship problems. The R/V Knorr, which was originally scheduled to carry out the first work on WHP lines P19 and P16 in the southeastem Pacific during the 1990-91 austral summer, was delayed in the shipyard during her mid-life refit for more than a year. In the interim, the smaller R/V Thomas Washington, was pressed into service to carry out lower-latitude portions of WHP lines P16 and P17 during mid-1991 (TUNES Expedition). We installed and operated our underway chromatographic system on this expedition, even though space and manpower on this smaller vessel were limited and no one from our group would be aboard any of the 3 WHP expedition legs. The results for carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are shown. A map of the cruise track is shown for each leg, marked with cumulative distance. Following each track is a figure showing the carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide results as a function of distance along this track. The results are plotted as dry-gas mole fractions (in ppm and ppb, respectively) in air and in gas equilibrated with surface seawater at a total pressure equal to the barometric pressure. The air data are plotted as a 10-point running mean, and appear as a roughly horizontal line. The seawater data are plotted as individual points, using a 5-point Gaussian smoother. Equal values Of xCO2 in air and surface seawater indicate air-sea equilibrium.

Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurements of Surface Ocean Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure During WOCE written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the research progress of the second year of research under Measurement of Surface Ocean Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure During WOCE'' and proposes to continue measurements of underway pCO[sub 2]. During most of the first year of this grant, our efforts to measure pCO[sub 2] on WOCE WHP legs were frustrated by ship problems. The R/V Knorr, which was originally scheduled to carry out the first work on WHP lines P19 and P16 in the southeastem Pacific during the 1990-91 austral summer, was delayed in the shipyard during her mid-life refit for more than a year. In the interim, the smaller R/V Thomas Washington, was pressed into service to carry out lower-latitude portions of WHP lines P16 and P17 during mid-1991 (TUNES Expedition). We installed and operated our underway chromatographic system on this expedition, even though space and manpower on this smaller vessel were limited and no one from our group would be aboard any of the 3 WHP expedition legs. The results for carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are shown. A map of the cruise track is shown for each leg, marked with cumulative distance. Following each track is a figure showing the carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide results as a function of distance along this track. The results are plotted as dry-gas mole fractions (in ppm and ppb, respectively) in air and in gas equilibrated with surface seawater at a total pressure equal to the barometric pressure. The air data are plotted as a 10-point running mean, and appear as a roughly horizontal line. The seawater data are plotted as individual points, using a 5-point Gaussian smoother. Equal values Of xCO[sub 2] in air and surface seawater indicate air-sea equilibrium.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained in the Central South Pacific Ocean WOCE Sections P17S and P16S During the Tunes 2 expedition of the R V Thomas Washington July August 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO2), discrete partial pressure of TCO2 (pCO2), and total alkalinity (TALK), during the Research Vessel (R/V) Thomas Washington TUNES Leg 2 Expedition in the central South Pacific Ocean. Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia, on July 16, 1991, and returned to Papeete on August 25, 1991. WOCE Meridional Sections P17S along 135° W and P16S along 150° W were completed during the 40-day expedition. A total of 97 hydrographic stations were occupied. Hydrographic and chemical measurements made along WOCE Sections P17S and P16S included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen measured by conductivity, temperature and depth sensor; bottle salinity; oxygen; phosphate; nitrate; nitrite; silicate; CFC-12; CFC- 11; TCO2; TALK; and pCO2 measured at 20°C. The TCO2 concentration in 1000 seawater samples was determined with a coulometric analysis system, the pCO2 in 940 water samples was determined with an equilibrator/gas chromatograph system, while the TALK concentration in 139 samples was determined on shore at the laboratory of C. Goyet of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution with an alkalinity titration system. In addition, 156 coulometric measurements for the Certified Reference Material (Batch {number_sign}6) were made and yielded a mean value of 2303.2 ± 1.5 [mu]mol/kg. This mean value agrees within a standard deviation of the 2304.6 ± 1.6 [mu]mol/kg (N=9) value determined with the manometer of C.D. Keeling at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Replicate samples from 11 Niskin bottles at 4 stations were also collected for later shore-based reference analyses of TCO2 and TALK by vacuum extraction and manometry in the laboratory of C.D. Keeling of SIO.

Download or read book Investigation of the Atmospheric and Surface Ocean PCO2 in the Indian Ocean Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of measurements for the concentration of CO2 in the marine air and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the surface ocean water obtained during the Geosecs Expedition in the north and south Indian Oceans, December 1977 through April 1978 are summarized. The area studied covers 13°N to 64°S in latitudes and 55°E to 115°E in longitudes. It has been found that the atmospheric CO2 concentration in the southern hemisphere south of 15°S is remarkably constant at 334 +- ppM (expressed as mole fraction of CO2 in dry air) throughout the period of this investigation. The CO2 concentration in the northern hemisphere from the equator to 13°N exceeds that in the southern hemisphere by up to 5 ppM. The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) appears to represent a transition zone for the atmosphere CO2 distribution. The surface water pCO2 values in the Indian Ocean range from 300 microatm. to 360 microatm. The highest values were observed in the Arabian Sea, and appear to be due to the low alkalinity water flowing out of the Red Sea. The Indian equatorial water has a maximum pCO2 value of about 335 microatm., which is about 10 microatm. (or 3%) greater than that in the atmosphere. The Indian Ocean data were combined with those previously obtained in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to yield a global mean pCO2 value for the surface ocean water. It is found that the global mean pCO2 for the world oceans is 10 +- 8 microatm. lower than the mean atmospheric pCO2 value. This indicates that the net transfer rate of CO2 from the atmosphere to the oceans corresponds to 50 (+-40)% of the industrial CO2 production rate.

Download or read book Investigation of Carbon Dioxide in the Central South Pacific Ocean WOCE Sections P 16C and P 17C During the TUNES written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of carbon dioxide and associated hydrographic measurements made during the oceanographic expedition, TUNES/2, aboard the R/V Thomas Washington in the central South Pacific Ocean. During the 40 day expedition, the total carbon dioxide concentration in 1000 seawater samples were determined using a coulometer system and the pCO2 in 940 seawater samples were determined using an equilibrator/gas chromatograph system. The alkalinity values in 900 water samples were computed using these measurements. In addition, 156 coulometric measurements were made for the Certified Reference Solutions (Batch No. 6) and yielded a mean value of 2303.2 +or- 1.5umol/kg. The chemical characteristics for the major water masses have been determined.

Download or read book A Study of Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressures in Surface Waters of the Pacific Ocean written by Louis Irwin Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Carbon Dioxide in the Central South Pacific Ocean WOCE Sections P 16C and P 17C During the TUNES 2 Expedition of the R V Thomas Washington July August 1991 Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of carbon dioxide and associated hydrographic measurements made during the oceanographic expedition, TUNES/2, aboard the R/V Thomas Washington in the central South Pacific Ocean. During the 40 day expedition, the total carbon dioxide concentration in 1000 seawater samples were determined using a coulometer system and the pCO2 in 940 seawater samples were determined using an equilibrator/gas chromatograph system. The alkalinity values in 900 water samples were computed using these measurements. In addition, 156 coulometric measurements were made for the Certified Reference Solutions (Batch No. 6) and yielded a mean value of 2303.2 +or- 1.5umol/kg. The chemical characteristics for the major water masses have been determined.

Download or read book Measurements of Carbon Dioxide in the Southern Ocean Along the WOCE S 4 Section Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the fist year of this two-year grant, we have completed the data acquisition phase at sea along the WOCE-S4 section located along 67°S between 73°W and 172°E in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The expedition was carried out aboard the Russian Research Ship ''Akademik IOFFE'' in the period February 14 through April 6, 1992. The total CO2 concentration and pCO2 in a total of about 1290 water samples were determined using a coulometer for total CO2 and an equilibrator/gas chromatograph system for pCO2. Surface water samples were analyzed at all the 112 hydrographic stations occupied. Complete or partial profiles were obtained at 58 stations. In addition, a total of 172 determinations were made at sea for 62 bottles of the Standard Reference Solution.