Download or read book B Decays written by Sheldon Stone and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2nd edition is an extensive update of "B Decays?. The revisions are necessary because of the extensive amount of new data and new theoretical ideas. This book reviews what is known about b-quark decays and also looks at what can be learned in the future.The importance of this research area is increasing, as evidenced by the approval of the luminosity upgrade for CESR and the asymmetric B factories at SLAC and KEK, and the possibility of experiments at hadron colliders.The key experimental observations made thus far, measurement of the lifetimes of the different B species, B0-B0 mixing, the discovery of ?Penguin? mediated decays, and the extraction of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb from semileptonic decays, as well as more mundane results, are described in great detail by the experimentalists who have been closely involved with making the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b-quark decays using HQET and lattice gauge techniques are described by theorists who have developed and used these techniques.Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, several articles discuss the implications for the ?Standard Model? and how further tests can be done using measurements of CP violation in the B system.

Download or read book Time Dependent CP Violation Measurements written by Markus Röhrken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-17 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes a high-quality, high-precision method for the data analysis of an interesting elementary particle reaction. The data was collected at the Japanese B-meson factory KEKB with the Belle detector, one of the most successful large-scale experiments worldwide. CP violation is a subtle quantum effect that makes the world look different when simultaneously left and right and matter and antimatter are exchanged. This being a prerequisite for our own world to have developed from the big bang, there are only a few experimental indications of such effects, and their detection requires very intricate techniques. The discovery of CP violation in B meson decays garnered Kobayashi and Maskawa, who had predicted these findings as early as 1973, the 2008 Nobel prize in physics. This thesis describes in great detail what are by far the best measurements of branching ratios and CP violation parameters in two special reactions with two charm mesons in the final state. It presents an in-depth but accessible overview of the theory, phenomenology, experimental setup, data collection, Monte Carlo simulations, (blind) statistical data analysis, and systematic uncertainty studies.

Download or read book Precision Measurements to Test the Standard Model and for Explosive Nuclear Astrophysics written by Adrian A. Valverde and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents two significant results in the field of precision measurements in low-energy nuclear physics. Firstly, it presents a precise half-life determination of 11C, leading to the most precise ft-value for a beta decay transition between mirror nuclides, an important advance in the testing of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. Secondly, it describes a high-precision mass measurement of 56Cu, a critical nucleus for determining the path of the astrophysical rapid-proton capture process, performed by the author using the LEBIT Penning trap at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. This new measurement resolves discrepancies in previously-reported calculated mass excesses. In addition, the thesis also presents the construction and testing of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher that will be part of the future N = 126 factory at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at producing nuclei of interest for the astrophysical rapid-neutron capture process for the first time.

Download or read book Influences of external error sources on measurements of room acoustic parameters written by Martin Guski and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Correct and precise measurements of room acoustic parameters are of fundamental importance for subjective room impression characterization and for the physical description of the sound field. This thesis investigates external influences on acoustic measurements and errors of the resulting room acoustic parameters. Theoretical models have been developed to predict these errors and indicate the tolerable limits of the described influences. To validate these models, specially designed room acoustic measurements that separate the individual influence factors have been conducted. Noise has been identified as one of the main influence factors and occurs during every measurement. In this thesis the performance of five commonly used stationary noise compensation methods are systematically analyzed depending on the peak signal-to-noise ratio. Impulsive noise that could also occur during the measurement is investigated separately, as the previously introduced compensation techniques are unsuited to handle the influence. The second part of this thesis analyzes the influence of time variances during measurements. Inter- and intra-measurement temperature changes, air movement, and human-sized scattering objects have been investigated.

Download or read book Measurement of the Inclusive Electron Cross Section from Heavy Flavour Decays and Search for Compressed Supersymmetric Scenarios with the ATLAS Experiment written by Moritz Backes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this thesis presents the measurement of the inclusive cross-section for electron production from heavy-flavour decays in the electron transverse momentum range 7 GeV

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current Experiments in Elementary Particle Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems written by J. Clement and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two groups of specialists involved in the development and application of water quality models, each of which have a different perspective on the use of models: Academics and scientists - chemistry specialists and microbiologists who develop the models. Practitioners - modelers and distribution engineers who use them to solve problems. There are limitations and constraints in the characterization of the underlying processes and the practical application of models to distribution networks, which require further research. The objectives of the research were to characterize the current state of predictive distribution system water quality models and to identify critical research needs for their improvement. The project reviewed both the development and application of models. The report is intended to both steer future research and to act as a general reference on water quality modeling. The report combines a literature review with the practical experience of the project team. The content of a draft report was discussed at an international workshop attended by academics, engineers, scientists, and hydraulic modelers with the objective of agreeing on specific research needs necessary to improve predictive modeling for water quality in distribution systems. The conclusions of the report are derived from the workshop and form the basis of 11 specific research briefs that have been submitted to AwwaRF for consideration of funding. Researchers often focus on modeling the individual processes that control water quality rather than fully modeling water quality throughout distribution systems. For these "process models" to be applied to real distribution networks, they need to be extended to take in account the physical characteristics of the system?the special and temporal variations in flow, velocity and water age, and the effects of mixing water that has traveled along different flow paths.

Download or read book The bh TCSPC Handbook written by Dr. Wolfgang Becker and published by Becker & Hickl GmbH. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 995 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Modules SPC-130EMN, SPC-130EMNX, SPC-130IN, SPC-130INX, SPC-150N, SPC-150NX, SPC-150NXX, SPC-160, SPC-160PCIE, SPC-180N, SPC-180NX, SPC-180NXX Detectors, Lasers and Peripheral Devices Simple-Tau Systems Technical Principles TCSPC Applications FLIM Systems Applications in Life Sciences Clinical FLIM Applications SPCM Software SPCImage NG Data Analysis Software Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is an amazingly sensitive technique for recording low-level light signals with picosecond resolution and extremely high precision.TCSPC originates from the measurement of excited nuclear states and has been used since the late 60s [775, 1250]. For many years TCSPC was used primarily to record fluorescence decay curves of organic dyes in solution. Due to the low intensity and low repetition rate of the light sources and the limited speed of the electronics of the 70s and 80s the acquisition times were extremely long. More important, classic TCSPC was intrinsically one-dimensional, i.e. limited to the recording of the waveform of a periodic light signal. Light sources ceased to be a limitation when the first mode-locked Argon lasers and synchronously pumped dye lasers were introduced. For the recording electronics, the situation changed with the introduction of the SPC-300 modules of Becker & Hickl in 1993. Due to a new analog-to-digital conversion principle these modules could be used at photon count rates almost 100 times higher than the classic TCSPC devices. Moreover, the modules were able to record the photons of a large number of detectors simultaneously. They were thus able to record a photon distribution not only versus the time in a fluorescence decay but also versus aspatial coordinate or the wavelength of the photons. Multi-dimensional TCSPC was born. Within a few years, more dimensions were added to multidimensional TCSPC. Fast sequential recording was introduced with the SPC-430 in 1995, fast scanning with the SPC-535 in 1997. Time-tag recording was introduced with the SPC-431 in 1996; multi-module TCSPC systems followed in 1999. Since then, the Becker & Hickl TCSPC systems became bigger, faster and more flexible. Recent TCSPC modules, like the SPC-150NX or the SPC-180, can be configured for sequential recording, imaging, or time-tag recording by a simple software command. Multi-module systems, like the SPC-134EM and SPC-154, can be used for scanning at unprecedented count rates and acquisition speeds. Nevertheless, TCSPC still has the reputation to be an extremely sluggish technique unable to record any fast changes in the fluorescence or scattering behaviour of a sample. The multidimensional features of modern TCSPC are not commonly understood. Thus, many users do not make efficient use of their SPC modules. However, if appropriately used, multidimensional TCSPC techniques not only deliver superior results but also solve highly sophisticated measurement problems. This handbook is an attempt to help existing and potential users understand and make use of the advanced features of modern TCSPC. After an introduction into the bh TCSPC devices and associated detector, laser, and experiment control modules the principles of advanced TCSPC techniques are described. These include multidetector TCSPC, multiplexed TCSPC, sequential recording techniques, scanning techniques, parameter-tag recording, and multi-module TCSPC techniques. The next chapter describes the architecture of the bh SPC modules. A chapter about detectors gives a review of detector principles and of the parameters used to characterise detectors. It describes a number of detectors commonly used for TCSPC and gives advice about obtaining best performance from them. The implementation of bh SPC devices is described in the next part of the handbook. It includes principles and wiring diagrams for typical experiments, guidelines for first system setup, and advice for system optimisation. It describes dead-time, counting loss, and pile-up effects, detector effects, and effects related to the optical system. The next chapter of the handbook is dedicated to TCSPC applications. The first part of this chapter describes the measurement of fluorescence and anisotropy decay curves, multispectral lifetime experiments, recording of transient fluorescence lifetime phenomena, and measurements of phosphorescence decay curves. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to time-resolved laser scanning microscopy. It contains sections on a wide variety of fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM) experiments and procedures, such as FLIM with various excitation principles, excitation sources, and detection principles, high-speed and time-series FLIM, Z-stack FLIM, simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM/PLIM), fluorescence lifetime-transient scanning (FLITS), and FLIM with special microscope configurations. A third part contains FLIM background knowledge: Signal-to-noise ratio, acquisition time, the effect of counting loss and pile-up, photobleaching, and fluorescence depolarisation on the recorded data. The book contains a large chapter on TCSPC applications, most of them in Biology. It contains sections on FLIM of molecular environment parameters in tissue, FLIM-based FRET measurements in cells, autofluorescence FLIM of biological tissue, plant physiology, and clinical FLIM applications. A section about diffuse optical tomography (DOT) by NIRS techniques includes breast imaging, static and functional brain imaging, perfusion measurement in the human brain, diffuse tissue spectroscopy, and small-animal imaging. Picosecond photon correlation, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, burst-integrated fluorescence lifetime techniques, and photon counting histogram techniques are reviewed in the next sections. The last part of the application chapter gives an review of non-biological TCSPC applications like positron lifetime measurement, measurement of barrier discharges, remote sensing, metrological applications, and characterisation of detectors. The application chapter also includes practical hints about optical systems, detectors, and other technical aspects of the applications described. Another large chapter describes the SPCM operating software of the bh SPC modules. It describes the various user interface configurations, operation modes, the system and control parameters, the handling and display of the multidimensional data recorded by the modules, and the associated data file structure. The TCSPC Handbook also contains a chapter on the SPCImage NG fluorescence decay and FLIM data analysis software. It describes the general principles of fluorescence decay analysis, the calculation of fluorescence decay parameters and lifetime images by various decay models, pseudo-global analysis, multi-wavelength FLIM analysis, batch-processing of FLIM series, and analysis of PLIM data. The handbook ends with a list of more than 1200 references related to TCSPC, most of them being applications of the bh SPC devices.

Download or read book B Physics And Cp Violation Bcp4 Proceedings Of The International Workshop written by T Ohshima and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-09-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first strong evidence of the existence of CP violation in neutral B decays extracted from sophisticated B factories in the US and Japan. It also holds out the expectation of rare B decays and D, K physics in the near future. In addition, new physics beyond the Standard Model is described. Both experimental and theoretical points of view are given.

Download or read book On the Estimation of Term Structure Models and An Application to the United States written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the estimation of models of the term structure of interest rates. After reviewing the term structure models, specifically the Nelson-Siegel Model and Affine Term- Structure Model, this paper estimates the terms structure of Treasury bond yields for the United States with pre-crisis data. This paper uses a software developed by Fund staff for this purpose. This software makes it possible to estimate the term structure using at least nine models, while opening up the possibility of generating simulated paths of the term structure.

Download or read book Measurement of Quarkonium Polarization to Probe QCD at the LHC written by Valentin Knünz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis discusses in detail the measurement of the polarizations of all S-wave vector quarkonium states in LHC proton-proton collisions with the CMS detector. Heavy quarkonium states constitute an ideal laboratory to study non-perturbative effects of quantum chromodynamics and to understand how quarks bind into hadrons. The experimental results are interpreted through an original phenomenological approach, which leads to a coherent picture of quarkonium production cross sections and polarizations within a simple model, dominated by one single color-octet production mechanism. These findings provide new insights into the dynamics of heavy quarkonium production at the LHC, an important step towards a satisfactory understanding of hadron formation within the standard model of particle physics.

Download or read book A Measurement of the Parity Violating Parameter Ab with Electrons at the SLD Using a Neural Network written by Jorge Pablo Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Symmetry And Spin In Standard Model Proceedings Of The Seventh Lake Louise Winter Institute written by Faqir C Khanna and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992-12-09 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this Institute is the importance of Spin and Symmetry measurements in probing the Standard Model and QCD, polarization in lepton-quark interactions, nucleon spin structure functions, spin effects in high energy hadronic interactions, and electromagnetic spin physics at medium energies.The pedagogical nature of the invited talks makes this book suitable for senior graduate students and subatomic physicists in general, while the specialist talks make the volume useful to practitioners in the field.

Download or read book Geochronology and Thermochronology written by Peter W. Reiners and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-26 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a welcome introduction and reference for users and innovators in geochronology. It provides modern perspectives on the current state-of-the art in most of the principal areas of geochronology and thermochronology, while recognizing that they are changing at a fast pace. It emphasizes fundamentals and systematics, historical perspective, analytical methods, data interpretation, and some applications chosen from the literature. This book complements existing coverage by expanding on those parts of isotope geochemistry that are concerned with dates and rates and insights into Earth and planetary science that come from temporal perspectives. Geochronology and Thermochronology offers chapters covering: Foundations of Radioisotopic Dating; Analytical Methods; Interpretational Approaches: Making Sense of Data; Diffusion and Thermochronologic Interpretations; Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf; Re-Os and Pt-Os; U-Th-Pb Geochronology and Thermochronology; The K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar Systems; Radiation-damage Methods of Geo- and Thermochronology; The (U-Th)/He System; Uranium-series Geochronology; Cosmogenic Nuclides; and Extinct Radionuclide Chronology. Offers a foundation for understanding each of the methods and for illuminating directions that will be important in the near future Presents the fundamentals, perspectives, and opportunities in modern geochronology in a way that inspires further innovation, creative technique development, and applications Provides references to rapidly evolving topics that will enable readers to pursue future developments Geochronology and Thermochronology is designed for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with a solid background in mathematics, geochemistry, and geology. "Geochronology and Thermochronology is an excellent textbook that delivers on the difficult balance between having an appropriate level of detail to be useful for an upper undergraduate to graduate-level class or research reference text without being too esoteric for a more general audience, with content and descriptions that are understandable and enlightening to the non-specialist. I would recommend this textbook for anyone interested in the history, principles, and mechanics of geochronology and thermochronology." --American Mineralogist, 2021 Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/the-science-of-dates-and-rates

Download or read book Electrostatic Discharge Control Handbook for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts Assemblies and Equipment excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices metric written by United States. Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: