Download or read book Measurement of Binary Phase Equilibria and Ternary quaternary Gas Antisolvent GAS System Measurement and Analysis written by Donald Fulton Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work conducted in this thesis is two-fold. First, binary vapor liquid equilibria of several solvent/CO2 systems are measured at 40 ʻC. The systems analyzed are all gas-expanded liquids (GXLs) characterized with a Jerguson Cell apparatus. A Jerguson cell is a windowed pressure vessel that allows one to measure the height of the condensed liquid. Using this height and the known overall contents in the cell, one can calculate the liquid composition without using any external sampling. Secondly, this same setup is attached to a sampling system, and solid solubility (fractional crystallization) is measured for various GXL systems. The CO2 acts as an antisolvent in what is commonly known as a gaseous antisolvent (GAS) system. Essentially, this work shows that expansion of the tested solvents with CO2 will cause the precipitation of the solid solute. This work also analyzes the affect two solutes have on each other in a quaternary GAS system. Gas-expanded liquids combine desirable gaseous properties and liquid properties to yield a very useful solvent for many applications. An advantage of GXLs is that a relatively small change in pressure or temperature can greatly affect the solvation properties. The tunability of GXLs increases as the amount of the gas (usually CO2) increases in the liquid phase. With the benign chemical nature and environmental impact of CO2 processing, GXLs and supercritical fluids (SCFs) have garnered a lot of attention for industry and academia. Supercritical fluids in this work refer to pure CO2 above its critical temperature and pressure.
Download or read book Phase Equilibria written by Andre Muhlbauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book provides, for the first time, a thorough survey of the techniques and equipment for both high- and low-pressure phase equilibrium measurement and addresses the equally challenging task of accurately modeling or predicting the equilibria. The book is unique because it combines in depth and authoritative coverage of both experimental and theoretical procedures in a single volume. Written as a reference for practicing engineers and scientists in the chemical engineering field, this book will also be useful as an advanced graduate-level text.
Download or read book Review of the Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics of Binary and Ternary Systems Composed of IFR Fuel Component Mentals U Pu and Zr and Nitrogen written by Leonard Leibowitz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermodynamic Modeling of Binary and Ternary Systems of Interest to Gas Antisolvent Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 is a poor solvent for polar and complex molecules. The batch process known as GAS precipitation exploits the ability of CO2 to function as an antisolvent. CO2 is dissolved at low temperatures and moderate pressures into an organic solvent into which a solute has been dissolved. The liquid phase is expanded, reducing the solvent power, and causing precipitation of the solute. In this way, thermally-labile pharmaceutical compounds can be purified from organic solutions as very fine, uniform particles. In a simple (1) antisolvent -- (2) solvent -- (3) solute GAS system, solid-vapor-liquid equilibrium (SVLE) exists at the point of precipitation. The solubilities of acetaminophen in CO2-expanded ethanol, x3, and of acetaminophen in the equilibrium vapor phase, y3, were predicted using a three-component, ternary-phase Mathcad code. The Peng-Robinson equation of state was used to represent the fluid phases and a simple fugacity expression was used to represent the solid phase. Binary interaction parameters for the CO2-ethanol and ethanol-acetaminophen pairs, k12=0.0890 and k23=0.0099, were regressed from literature solubility data. The binary interaction parameter for the CO2-acetaminophen pair, k13=0.2614, was regressed using solubility data taken using a static equilibrium apparatus. The vapor phase mole fraction of acetaminophen in CO2 at 323K ranges from 10-6 to 10-4 over the pressure range 1500 psi to 4000 psi. The Peng-Robinson equation of state model is unable to capture the solubility behavior, but the data are adequately fit using a non-predictive density-based correlation. A sensitivity analysis conducted on the SVLE model to determine the effect of the binary interaction parameters on the prediction of x3 indicates that a poor fit for k13 does not prevent making an adequate prediction for the change in x3 with increasing pressure. At a given temperature, the solubility of acetaminophen in CO2-expanded ethanol decreases with pressure, indicating tha.
Download or read book Fluid phase Equilibria in Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Non electrolytes written by Selim George Sayegh and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Methods have been derived for the reduction of binary and ternary bubble-pressure data by the numerical integration of the Gibbs-Duhem equation." --
Download or read book Phase equilibria of Some Binary Systems at Low Temperatures written by Mohammed Hosny Omar and published by . This book was released on 1935 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Equilibria and Solubility Measurements of Gases in Water in the Hydrate Formation Region written by Jason Gaudette and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas hydrates are a topic of intense investigation primarily due to the vast amount of methane trapped in the form of gas hydrate on Earth and to the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions via the sequestration of carbon dioxide in the form of gas hydrate. In the present study, phase equilibrium relationships of pressure, temperature, and composition in the liquid, vapour, and hydrate phases for the pure propane-water and CO2-CH4 mixed hydrate-water systems have been investigated. In the first part of the study, the concentration of propane dissolved in water in the presence of propane gas hydrates has been measured at temperatures from 274 K to 277 K and pressures ranging from 150 kPa to 350 kPa. Solubility measurements in the absence of hydrate were found to be in agreement with literature values, which predict an increase in solubility as temperature is decreased. In the hydrate formation region, the solubility of propane decreased with decreasing temperature. Therefore, hydrate formation reverses the gas-liquid solubility trend. Results also show that pressure does not have a strong influence on solubility in the presence of gas hydrate. In the second part of the study, phase equilibrium relationships for a 50/50 CH4/CO2 mixed hydrate-water system have been investigated at temperatures between 274 K and 282 K and at pressures of 2000 kPa and 2500 kPa. In the absence of hydrate, solubility of each gas in the aqueous phase decreased with increasing temperature. In the hydrate formation region, solubility of both CH4 and CO2 in water was found to decrease with decreasing temperature. Therefore, as previously concluded with single gas systems, hydrate formation reversed the gas-liquid solubility trend for each gaseous component in the mixed hydrate system. Results also showed that pressure did not have a strong influence on the solubility of each component in the presence of mixed gas hydrate. Furthermore, by mole balance, water-free mixed hydrate compo" --
Download or read book Experimental Measurement and Unified Analysis of the Phase Equilibria and Liquid Densities for the System 1 3 butadiene Acetonitrile at 305 and 330 K written by Dana G. Laird and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Equilibria written by J. David Raal and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Phase Behavior of Light Gases in Hydrocarbon and Aqueous Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under previous support from the Department of Energy, an experimental facility has been established and operated to measure valuable vapor-liquid equilibrium data for systems of interest in the production and processing of coal fluids. To facilitate the development and testing of models for prediction of the phase behavior for such systems, we have acquired substantial amounts of data on the equilibrium phase compositions for binary mixtures of heavy hydrocarbon solvents with a variety of supercritical solutes, including hydrogen, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The present project focuses on measuring the phase behavior of light gases and water in Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) type solvents at conditions encountered in indirect liquefaction processes and evaluating and developing theoretically-based correlating frameworks to predict the phase behavior of such systems. Specific goals of the proposed work include (a) developing a state-of-the-art experimental facility to permit highly accurate measurements of equilibrium phase compositions (solubilities) of challenging F-T systems, (b) measuring these properties for systematically-selected binary, ternary and molten F-T wax mixtures to provide critically needed input data for correlation development, (c) developing and testing models suitable for describing the phase behavior of such mixtures, and (d) presenting the modeling results in generalized, practical formats suitable for use in process engineering calculations. During the present reporting period, our solubility apparatus was refurbished and restored to full service. To test the experimental apparatus and procedures used, measurements were obtained for the solubility Of C02 in benzene at 160°F. Having confirmed the accuracy of the newly acquired data in comparison with our previous measurements and data reported in the literature for this test system, we have begun to measure the solubility of hydrogen in hexane. The measurements for this system will cover the temperature range from 160 to 280°F at pressures to 2,500 psia. As part of our model evaluation efforts, we examined the predictive abilities of an alternative approach we have proposed for calculating the phase behavior properties of highly non-ideal systems. Using this approach, the liquid phase fugacities generated from an equation of state (EOS) are augmented by a fugacity deviation function correction. The correlative abilities of this approach are compared with those of an EOS equipped with the recently introduced Wong-Sandler (MWS) mixing rules. These two approaches are compared with the current methods for vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations, i.e., the EOS (0/0) approach with the van der Waals mixing rules and the split (y/0) approach. The evaluations were conducted on a database comprised of non-ideal low pressure binary systems as well as asymmetric high pressure binary systems. These systems are of interest in the coal liquefaction and utilization processes. The Peng-Robinson EOS was selected for the purposes of this evaluation.
Download or read book Determination of Phase Equilibria for the Binary Systems Polystyrene cyclohexane and Polystyrene toluene and for the Ternary System Polystyrene cyclohexane toluene at 423 K 433 K and 448 K Using Perturbation Gas Chromatography written by Kathryn Rion Hanneman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement of Multiphase Gas Hydrate Phase Equilibria written by Shirish Liladhar Patil and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Equilibria Investigation of Binary Ternary and Higher Order Systems Part 9 Calculation of Thermodynamic Quantities from Phase Diagrams written by Erwin Rudy and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thermodynamic fundamentals relating phase equilibria in binary and ternary systems to the thermodynamic properties of the phases are reviewed and discussed. Considered in detail are partition equilibria in ternary systems and the role of the three-phase equilibrium in the determination of the relative stabilities of stable as well as hypothetical phases. Sample calculations carried out on selected ternary metal-carbon and a metal silicate system demonstrate the application of the equations for extracting thermodynamic data from phase diagrams and also for the prediction of phase equilibria.
Download or read book PVT Phase Behavior and Viscosity Measurements and Modeling of the Ternary and Binary Systems of Carbon Dioxide Heavy Hydrocarbon n eicosane Light Gas ethane Or Propane written by Salem Saleh Al-Marri and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase equilibria in non polar gas liquid binary systems at high pressure written by Roy Gregory Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PHASE EQUILIBRIA INVESTIGATIONS OF BINARY TERNARY AND HIGHER ORDER SYSTEMS PART 3 PHASE EQUILIBRIA STUDIES IN THE Nb Ta C SYSTEM written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solid state and solid-liquid equilibria of the Nb-Ta-C system was determined by melting point determinations, X-ray and chemical analysis, metallography, and differential thermal analysis for temperatures above 1500C. The ternary system has a complete solid solution of monocarbides and also of subcarbides if the differences in carbon atom ordering is disregarded. Eutectic troughs in both the metal-rich and carbon-rich regions of the ternary are present. Calculated tie-line distributions agree well with experimental results.
Download or read book Experimental Measurement and Analysis of the Phase Equilibria in the Infinite Diltion Region for the Systems N pentane acetonitrile 2 methyl 2 butene acetonitrile and Isoprene acetonitrile at 320K written by Lai Wah Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
