Download or read book Measurement and Meaning of Archaeological Diversity written by Virginia Marie Betz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeologists use diversity as one way of characterizing their assemblages. Diversity refers to both the number of artifact classes present (richness) and the proportional representation of classes (evenness). Numerical diversity indices measure one or both components. Archaeologists use assemblage diversity to infer behavior of prehistoric cultures. Archaeological inferences about behavior occur at two levels of analysis: (1) micro-scale analyses in which diversity is an attribute of artifactual assemblages, and (2) macro-scale analyses in which diversity is an attribute of the culture. This study evaluates theories used to justify behavioral inferences based on macro-level diversity of material culture. Assumptions about behavior made on the basis of the diversity of archaeological assemblages are compared with information about behavioral diversity drawn from ethnographic sources. The ethnographic analysis considers four macro-scale models that establish archaeological correlates for systemic cultural behaviors. All the models infer behavioral diversity from artifactual diversity. They are: (1) a group size model that relates artifactual diversity to population density, (2) a niche width model that relates archaeological diversity to subsistence practices, (3) a complexity model that relates archaeological diversity to social organization, and (4) a stress-response model that relates archaeological diversity to systemic perturbation. Four behavioral variables from the Human Relations Area Files Standard Cross-Cultural Sample are recoded to represent each behavioral diversity model. The results of a rank-order correlation procedure indicate that the behaviors associated with group size, niche width, complexity, and stress-response basically occur independently of one another in culture groups. This finding validates the archaeological approach which uses functionally-specific systemic behavior sets. Archaeological sites often do not yield the artifactual and contextual data to use behavioral models. The generalized diversity of artifactual forms is interpreted therefore as diversity of many behavioral responses. A general diversity variable (the sum of the four individual behavioral variables) produces the list of sample cultures ranked by generalized diversity. Because the diversity concept is not drawn from anthropological theory, archaeologists frequently interpret generalized diversity in terms of ecological or evolutionary models. The data show that biological models of diversity do not explain the general diversity rankings. The direct analogic application of theoretical biological diversity models to explain behavioral diversity needs reassessment in terms of ethnographic observations. Archaeologists should work towards building a distinctly anthropological theory which accommodates a generalized concept of behavioral diversity.
Download or read book Defining and Measuring Diversity in Archaeology written by Metin I. Eren and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculating the diversity of biological or cultural classes is a fundamental way of describing, analyzing, and understanding the world around us. Understanding archaeological diversity is key to understanding human culture in the past. Archaeologists have long experienced a tenuous relationship with statistics; however, the regular integration of diversity measures and concepts into archaeological practice is becoming increasingly important. This volume includes chapters that cover a wide range of archaeological applications of diversity measures. Featuring studies of archaeological diversity ranging from the data-driven to the theoretical, from the Paleolithic to the Historic periods, authors illustrate the range of data sets to which diversity measures can be applied, as well as offer new methods to examine archaeological diversity.
Download or read book Quantifying Diversity in Archaeology written by Robert D. Leonard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-04-25 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying Diversity in Archaeology aims to examine what we mean by diversity.
Download or read book Something Out of the Ordinary Interpreting Diversity in the Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik and Beyond written by Luc Amkreutz and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 7000 years ago, groups of early farmers (the Linearbandkeramik, or LBK) spread over vast areas of Europe. Their cultural characteristics comprised common choices and styles of execution, with a central meaning and functionality attached to ‘doing things a certain way’, over an enormous geographical area. However, recent evidence suggests that the reality was much more varied and diverse. The central question of this book is the extent to which notions of ‘uniformity’ and ‘diversity’ have caused a wider shift in archaeological perspective. Using the LBK case study as a starting point, the volume brings together contributions by international specialists tackling the notion of cultural diversity and its explanatory power in archaeological analysis more generally. Through discussions of the domestic architecture, stone tool inventory, pottery traditions, landscape use and burial traditions of the LBK, this book provides a crucial reappraisal of the culture’s potential for adaptability and change. Papers in the second part of the volume are devoted to archaeological case studies from around the globe in which the tension between diversity and uniformity has also proved controversial, including the Near Eastern Halaf culture, the North American Mississippian, the Pacific expansion of the Lapita culture, and the European Bell Beaker phenomenon. All provide exciting theoretical and methodological contributions on how the appreciation of cultural diversity as a whole can be moved forward. These papers expose diversity and uniformity as cultural strategies, and as such provide essential reading for scholars in archaeology and anthropology, and for anyone interested in the interplay between material culture and human social change.
Download or read book The Archaeology of the North American Great Plains written by Douglas B. Bamforth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses archaeology to tell 15,000 years of history of the indigenous people of the North American Great Plains.
Download or read book The Archaeologist s Laboratory written by E.B. Banning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text reviews the theory, concepts, and basic methods involved in archaeological analysis with the aim of familiarizing both students and professionals with its underlying principles. Topics covered include the nature and presentation of data; database and research design; sampling and quantification; analyzing lithics, pottery, faunal, and botanical remains; interpreting dates; and archaeological illustration. A glossary of key terms completes the book.
Download or read book Archaeological Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Archaeologist s Laboratory written by Edward B. Banning and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the classic textbook, The Archaeologist’s Laboratory, is a substantially revised work that offers updated information on the archaeological work that follows fieldwork, such as the processing and analysis of artifacts and other evidence. An overarching theme of this edition is the quality and validity of archaeological arguments and the data we use to support them. The book introduces many of the laboratory activities that archaeologists carry out and the ways we can present research results, including graphs and artifact illustrations. Part I introduces general topics concerning measurement error, data quality, research design, typology, probability and databases. It also includes data presentation, basic artifact conservation, and laboratory safety. Part II offers brief surveys of the analysis of lithics and ground stone, pottery, metal artifacts, bone and shell artifacts, animal and plant remains, and sediments, as well as dating by stratigraphy, seriation and chronometric methods. It concludes with a chapter on archaeological illustration and publication. A new feature of the book is illustration of concepts through case studies from around the world and from the Palaeolithic to historical archaeology.The text is appropriate for senior undergraduate students and will also serve as a useful reference for graduate students and professional archaeologists.
Download or read book Empires and Diversity written by Gregory E. Areshian and published by Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than four thousand years, empires have been geographically the largest polities on Earth, shaping in many respects the human past and present in different epochs and on different continents. Covering the time span from the second millennium B.C.E. to the sixteenth century C.E., and geographic areas from China to South America, the case studies included in this volume demonstrate the necessity to combine perspectives from the longue duree and global comparativism with the theory of agency and an understanding of specific contexts for human actions. Contributions from leading scholars examine salient aspects of the Hittite, Assyrian, Ancient Egyptian, Achaemenid and Sasanian Iranian, Zhou to Han Dynasty Chinese, Inka, and Mughal empires.
Download or read book Prehistory of the Oregon Coast written by R Lee Lyman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first synthesis of the prehistory of the coast of Oregon. It analyzes the artifacts and mammalian faunal remains of three representative sites on the coast. A model of the evolution of cultural adaptational strategies is presented and tested, from which it creates a model of coastal cultural development. On a methodological level, the volume examines the overriding importance and effects of various sampling techniques.
Download or read book Archaeological Paleography written by Joshua D. Englehardt and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the development of the Maya writing system in Middle-Late Formative and Early Classic period (700 BC-AD 450) Mesoamerica.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work written by Quinetta M. Roberson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greater workforce diversity and business trends make the management of such diversity an important challenge for organizational leaders. The Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work offers a comprehensive review of current theory and research and stimulates thoughtful and provocative conversation about future study of diversity in the workplace.
Download or read book Cholla Project Archaeology Introduction and special studies written by J. Jefferson Reid and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identity Oppression and Diversity in Archaeology written by Laura E Heath-Stout and published by . This book was released on 2024-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Identity, Oppression, and Diversity in Archaeology documents how racism, classism, sexism, heterosexism, and ableism affect the demographics of archaeology and discusses how knowledge that archaeologists produce is shaped by the discipline's demographic homogeneity. Previous research has shown that, like many academic fields, archaeology is numerically dominated by straight white cisgender people, and those in positions of authority are predominantly men. This book examines how and why those demographic trends persist. It also elucidates how individual archaeologists' social identities shape the research they conduct, and therefore, how our demographics affect and limit our knowledge production on a disciplinary scale. It explains how, through unflinching reflection, proactive policymaking, and sincere community-building, we can build a diverse and inclusive discipline. This book will appeal to archaeologists who have an interest in diversity and inclusion within the discipline as well scholars in other disciplines who are engaged in research on diversity in academia"--
Download or read book The Fisher Site written by Peter L. Storck and published by U OF M MUSEUM ANTHRO ARCHAEOLOGY. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pottery in Archaeology written by Clive Orton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition provides an up-to-date account of the many different kinds of information that can be obtained through the archaeological study of pottery. It describes the scientific and quantitative techniques that are now available to the archaeologist, and assesses their value for answering a range of archaeological questions. It provides a manual for the basic handling and archiving of excavated pottery so that it can be used as a basis for further studies. The whole is set in the historical context of the ways in which archaeologists have sought to gain evidence from pottery and continue to do so. There are case studies of several approaches and techniques, backed up by an extensive bibliography.
Download or read book The Evolutionary Archaeology of Ceramic Diversity in Ancient Fiji written by Ethan E. Cochrane and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2009 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented here investigates the evolution of material cultural diversity in the Yasawa Islands in the northwestern corner of the Fijian archipelago. This work builds upon several field seasons of basic research in the Yasawas, as well as other large-scale ceramic analyses in Fiji. This study constructs answers using an explanatory framework explicitly designed to account for the evolution of cultural diversity in prehistory. This explanatory framework combines the effects of cultural transmission, selection and other sorting processes, and innovation. Using this explanatory framework this research attempts to answer the following three questions: 1. What domains of ceramic similarity in the Yasawa Islands can be used to define culturally transmitting populations or lineages; 2. What are the spatial and temporal distributions of transmission lineages defined along different avenues of transmission; and 3. What are the possible explanations for the distribution of these lineages? Chapter 2 examines some of the previous archaeological and other research in Fiji that has attempted to explain or document cultural, biological, and linguistic diversity. Chapter 3 more completely develops the theoretical framework used to explain prehistoric ceramic similarities and difference in terms of transmission lineages. An outline of the natural and cultural history of the Yasawa Islands is presented in Chapter 4. Classifications of ceramic variation and other analyses are presented in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 cladistic and seriation analyses generate hypotheses for the transmission history of Yasawa Islands populations. Chapter 7 reviews the results of this research in the context of other archaeological work in Fiji. The approach to explaining cultural similarities and differences employed in this research indicates that prehistoric cultural diversity can be examined using cultural transmission, selection, and innovation to produce empirically testable hypotheses regarding the historical relatedness of populations. The further development of this approach by scholars will do much to answer long-standing questions.
