Download or read book Maximal nilpotent subalgebras II A correspondence theorem within solvable associative algebras With 242 exercises written by Sven Bodo Wirsing and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within series II we extend the theory of maximal nilpotent substructures to solvable associative algebras, especially for their group of units and their associated Lie algebra. We construct all maximal nilpotent Lie subalgebras and characterize them by simple and double centralizer properties. They possess distinctive attractor and repeller characteristics. Their number of isomorphic classes is finite and can be bounded by Bell numbers. Cartan subalgebras and the Lie nilradical are extremal among all maximal nilpotent Lie subalgebras. The maximal nilpotent Lie subalgebras are connected to the maximal nilpotent subgroups. This correspondence is bijective via forming the group of units and creating the linear span. Cartan subalgebras and Carter subgroups as well as the Lie nilradical and the Fitting subgroup are linked by this correspondence. All partners possess the same class of nilpotency based on a theorem of Xiankun Du. By using this correspondence we transfer all results to maximal nilpotent subgroups of the group of units. Carter subgroups and the Fitting subgroup turn out to be extremal among all maximal nilpotent subgroups. All four extremal substructures are proven to be Fischer subgroups, Fischer subalgebras, nilpotent injectors and projectors. Numerous examples (like group algebras and Solomon (Tits-) algebras) illustrate the results to the reader. Within the numerous exercises these results can be applied by the reader to get a deeper insight in this theory.
Download or read book Maximal Nilpotent Subalgebras II A Correspondence Theorem Within Solvable Associative Algebras With 242 Exercises written by Sven Bodo Wirsing and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within series II we extend the theory of maximal nilpotent substructures to solvable associative algebras, especially for their group of units and their associated Lie algebra. We construct all maximal nilpotent Lie subalgebras and characterize them by simple and double centralizer properties. They possess distinctive attractor and repeller characteristics. Their number of isomorphic classes is finite and can be bounded by Bell numbers. Cartan subalgebras and the Lie nilradical are extremal among all maximal nilpotent Lie subalgebras. The maximal nilpotent Lie subalgebras are connected to the maximal nilpotent subgroups. This correspondence is bijective via forming the group of units and creating the linear span. Cartan subalgebras and Carter subgroups as well as the Lie nilradical and the Fitting subgroup are linked by this correspondence. All partners possess the same class of nilpotency based on a theorem of Xiankun Du. By using this correspondence we transfer all results to maximal nilpotent subgroups of the group of units. Carter subgroups and the Fitting subgroup turn out to be extremal among all maximal nilpotent subgroups. All four extremal substructures are proven to be Fischer subgroups, Fischer subalgebras, nilpotent injectors and projectors. Numerous examples (like group algebras and Solomon (Tits-) algebras) illustrate the results to the reader. Within the numerous exercises these results can be applied by the reader to get a deeper insight in this theory.
Download or read book Introduction to Lie Algebras written by K. Erdmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-28 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lie groups and Lie algebras have become essential to many parts of mathematics and theoretical physics, with Lie algebras a central object of interest in their own right. This book provides an elementary introduction to Lie algebras based on a lecture course given to fourth-year undergraduates. The only prerequisite is some linear algebra and an appendix summarizes the main facts that are needed. The treatment is kept as simple as possible with no attempt at full generality. Numerous worked examples and exercises are provided to test understanding, along with more demanding problems, several of which have solutions. Introduction to Lie Algebras covers the core material required for almost all other work in Lie theory and provides a self-study guide suitable for undergraduate students in their final year and graduate students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics.
Download or read book A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory written by Peter Webb and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level text provides a thorough grounding in the representation theory of finite groups over fields and rings. The book provides a balanced and comprehensive account of the subject, detailing the methods needed to analyze representations that arise in many areas of mathematics. Key topics include the construction and use of character tables, the role of induction and restriction, projective and simple modules for group algebras, indecomposable representations, Brauer characters, and block theory. This classroom-tested text provides motivation through a large number of worked examples, with exercises at the end of each chapter that test the reader's knowledge, provide further examples and practice, and include results not proven in the text. Prerequisites include a graduate course in abstract algebra, and familiarity with the properties of groups, rings, field extensions, and linear algebra.
Download or read book A Course in Universal Algebra written by S. Burris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-21 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal algebra has enjoyed a particularly explosive growth in the last twenty years, and a student entering the subject now will find a bewildering amount of material to digest. This text is not intended to be encyclopedic; rather, a few themes central to universal algebra have been developed sufficiently to bring the reader to the brink of current research. The choice of topics most certainly reflects the authors' interests. Chapter I contains a brief but substantial introduction to lattices, and to the close connection between complete lattices and closure operators. In particular, everything necessary for the subsequent study of congruence lattices is included. Chapter II develops the most general and fundamental notions of uni versal algebra-these include the results that apply to all types of algebras, such as the homomorphism and isomorphism theorems. Free algebras are discussed in great detail-we use them to derive the existence of simple algebras, the rules of equational logic, and the important Mal'cev conditions. We introduce the notion of classifying a variety by properties of (the lattices of) congruences on members of the variety. Also, the center of an algebra is defined and used to characterize modules (up to polynomial equivalence). In Chapter III we show how neatly two famous results-the refutation of Euler's conjecture on orthogonal Latin squares and Kleene's character ization of languages accepted by finite automata-can be presented using universal algebra. We predict that such "applied universal algebra" will become much more prominent.
Download or read book Simple Algebras Base Change and the Advanced Theory of the Trace Formula written by James Arthur and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1989-06-21 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general principle, discovered by Robert Langlands and named by him the "functoriality principle," predicts relations between automorphic forms on arithmetic subgroups of different reductive groups. Langlands functoriality relates the eigenvalues of Hecke operators acting on the automorphic forms on two groups (or the local factors of the "automorphic representations" generated by them). In the few instances where such relations have been probed, they have led to deep arithmetic consequences. This book studies one of the simplest general problems in the theory, that of relating automorphic forms on arithmetic subgroups of GL(n,E) and GL(n,F) when E/F is a cyclic extension of number fields. (This is known as the base change problem for GL(n).) The problem is attacked and solved by means of the trace formula. The book relies on deep and technical results obtained by several authors during the last twenty years. It could not serve as an introduction to them, but, by giving complete references to the published literature, the authors have made the work useful to a reader who does not know all the aspects of the theory of automorphic forms.
Download or read book Lie Groups and Algebraic Groups written by Arkadij L. Onishchik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the notes of the authors' seminar on algebraic and Lie groups held at the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow University in 1967/68. Our guiding idea was to present in the most economic way the theory of semisimple Lie groups on the basis of the theory of algebraic groups. Our main sources were A. Borel's paper [34], C. ChevalIey's seminar [14], seminar "Sophus Lie" [15] and monographs by C. Chevalley [4], N. Jacobson [9] and J-P. Serre [16, 17]. In preparing this book we have completely rearranged these notes and added two new chapters: "Lie groups" and "Real semisimple Lie groups". Several traditional topics of Lie algebra theory, however, are left entirely disregarded, e.g. universal enveloping algebras, characters of linear representations and (co)homology of Lie algebras. A distinctive feature of this book is that almost all the material is presented as a sequence of problems, as it had been in the first draft of the seminar's notes. We believe that solving these problems may help the reader to feel the seminar's atmosphere and master the theory. Nevertheless, all the non-trivial ideas, and sometimes solutions, are contained in hints given at the end of each section. The proofs of certain theorems, which we consider more difficult, are given directly in the main text. The book also contains exercises, the majority of which are an essential complement to the main contents.
Download or read book Combinatorial Algebra Syntax and Semantics written by Mark V. Sapir and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combinatorial Algebra: Syntax and Semantics provides comprehensive account of many areas of combinatorial algebra. It contains self-contained proofs of more than 20 fundamental results, both classical and modern. This includes Golod–Shafarevich and Olshanskii's solutions of Burnside problems, Shirshov's solution of Kurosh's problem for PI rings, Belov's solution of Specht's problem for varieties of rings, Grigorchuk's solution of Milnor's problem, Bass–Guivarc'h theorem about growth of nilpotent groups, Kleiman's solution of Hanna Neumann's problem for varieties of groups, Adian's solution of von Neumann-Day's problem, Trahtman's solution of the road coloring problem of Adler, Goodwyn and Weiss. The book emphasize several ``universal" tools, such as trees, subshifts, uniformly recurrent words, diagrams and automata. With over 350 exercises at various levels of difficulty and with hints for the more difficult problems, this book can be used as a textbook, and aims to reach a wide and diversified audience. No prerequisites beyond standard courses in linear and abstract algebra are required. The broad appeal of this textbook extends to a variety of student levels: from advanced high-schoolers to undergraduates and graduate students, including those in search of a Ph.D. thesis who will benefit from the “Further reading and open problems” sections at the end of Chapters 2 –5. The book can also be used for self-study, engaging those beyond t he classroom setting: researchers, instructors, students, virtually anyone who wishes to learn and better understand this important area of mathematics.
Download or read book Finite Dimensional Algebras written by Yurj A. Drozd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This English edition has an additional chapter "Elements of Homological Al gebra". Homological methods appear to be effective in many problems in the theory of algebras; we hope their inclusion makes this book more complete and self-contained as a textbook. We have also taken this occasion to correct several inaccuracies and errors in the original Russian edition. We should like to express our gratitude to V. Dlab who has not only metic ulously translated the text, but has also contributed by writing an Appendix devoted to a new important class of algebras, viz. quasi-hereditary algebras. Finally, we are indebted to the publishers, Springer-Verlag, for enabling this book to reach such a wide audience in the world of mathematical community. Kiev, February 1993 Yu.A. Drozd V.V. Kirichenko Preface The theory of finite dimensional algebras is one of the oldest branches of modern algebra. Its origin is linked to the work of Hamilton who discovered the famous algebra of quaternions, and Cayley who developed matrix theory. Later finite dimensional algebras were studied by a large number of mathematicians including B. Peirce, C.S. Peirce, Clifford, ·Weierstrass, Dedekind, Jordan and Frobenius. At the end of the last century T. Molien and E. Cartan described the semisimple algebras over the complex and real fields and paved the first steps towards the study of non-semi simple algebras.
Download or read book Representation Theory written by William Fulton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing finite-dimensional representations of Lie groups and Lie algebras, this example-oriented book works from representation theory of finite groups, through Lie groups and Lie algrbras to the finite dimensional representations of the classical groups.
Download or read book Algebraic Groups written by J. S. Milne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive introduction to the theory of algebraic group schemes over fields, based on modern algebraic geometry, with few prerequisites.
Download or read book Modules and Algebras written by Robert Wisbauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Module theory over commutative asociative rings is usually extended to noncommutative associative rings by introducing the category of left (or right) modules. An alternative to this procedure is suggested by considering bimodules. A refined module theory for associative rings is used to investigate the bimodule structure of arbitary algebras and group actions on these algebras.
Download or read book An Introduction to Homological Algebra written by Charles A. Weibel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-10-27 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The landscape of homological algebra has evolved over the last half-century into a fundamental tool for the working mathematician. This book provides a unified account of homological algebra as it exists today. The historical connection with topology, regular local rings, and semi-simple Lie algebras are also described. This book is suitable for second or third year graduate students. The first half of the book takes as its subject the canonical topics in homological algebra: derived functors, Tor and Ext, projective dimensions and spectral sequences. Homology of group and Lie algebras illustrate these topics. Intermingled are less canonical topics, such as the derived inverse limit functor lim1, local cohomology, Galois cohomology, and affine Lie algebras. The last part of the book covers less traditional topics that are a vital part of the modern homological toolkit: simplicial methods, Hochschild and cyclic homology, derived categories and total derived functors. By making these tools more accessible, the book helps to break down the technological barrier between experts and casual users of homological algebra.
Download or read book Dirac Operators in Representation Theory written by Jing-Song Huang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-27 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive treatment of important new ideas on Dirac operators and Dirac cohomology. Using Dirac operators as a unifying theme, the authors demonstrate how some of the most important results in representation theory fit together when viewed from this perspective. The book is an excellent contribution to the mathematical literature of representation theory, and this self-contained exposition offers a systematic examination and panoramic view of the subject. The material will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in representation theory, differential geometry, and physics.
Download or read book Expansion in Finite Simple Groups of Lie Type written by Terence Tao and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expander graphs are an important tool in theoretical computer science, geometric group theory, probability, and number theory. Furthermore, the techniques used to rigorously establish the expansion property of a graph draw from such diverse areas of mathematics as representation theory, algebraic geometry, and arithmetic combinatorics. This text focuses on the latter topic in the important case of Cayley graphs on finite groups of Lie type, developing tools such as Kazhdan's property (T), quasirandomness, product estimates, escape from subvarieties, and the Balog-Szemerédi-Gowers lemma. Applications to the affine sieve of Bourgain, Gamburd, and Sarnak are also given. The material is largely self-contained, with additional sections on the general theory of expanders, spectral theory, Lie theory, and the Lang-Weil bound, as well as numerous exercises and other optional material.
Download or read book The Ambient Metric written by Charles Fefferman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-04 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops and applies a theory of the ambient metric in conformal geometry. This is a Lorentz metric in n+2 dimensions that encodes a conformal class of metrics in n dimensions. The ambient metric has an alternate incarnation as the Poincaré metric, a metric in n+1 dimensions having the conformal manifold as its conformal infinity. In this realization, the construction has played a central role in the AdS/CFT correspondence in physics. The existence and uniqueness of the ambient metric at the formal power series level is treated in detail. This includes the derivation of the ambient obstruction tensor and an explicit analysis of the special cases of conformally flat and conformally Einstein spaces. Poincaré metrics are introduced and shown to be equivalent to the ambient formulation. Self-dual Poincaré metrics in four dimensions are considered as a special case, leading to a formal power series proof of LeBrun's collar neighborhood theorem proved originally using twistor methods. Conformal curvature tensors are introduced and their fundamental properties are established. A jet isomorphism theorem is established for conformal geometry, resulting in a representation of the space of jets of conformal structures at a point in terms of conformal curvature tensors. The book concludes with a construction and characterization of scalar conformal invariants in terms of ambient curvature, applying results in parabolic invariant theory.
Download or read book Rational Points on Varieties written by Bjorn Poonen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is motivated by the problem of determining the set of rational points on a variety, but its true goal is to equip readers with a broad range of tools essential for current research in algebraic geometry and number theory. The book is unconventional in that it provides concise accounts of many topics instead of a comprehensive account of just one—this is intentionally designed to bring readers up to speed rapidly. Among the topics included are Brauer groups, faithfully flat descent, algebraic groups, torsors, étale and fppf cohomology, the Weil conjectures, and the Brauer-Manin and descent obstructions. A final chapter applies all these to study the arithmetic of surfaces. The down-to-earth explanations and the over 100 exercises make the book suitable for use as a graduate-level textbook, but even experts will appreciate having a single source covering many aspects of geometry over an unrestricted ground field and containing some material that cannot be found elsewhere.
