Download or read book MATLAB Software for the Code Excited Linear Prediction Algorithm written by Karthikeyan Ramamurthy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes several modules of the Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) algorithm. The authors use the Federal Standard-1016 CELP MATLAB® software to describe in detail several functions and parameter computations associated with analysis-by-synthesis linear prediction. The book begins with a description of the basics of linear prediction followed by an overview of the FS-1016 CELP algorithm. Subsequent chapters describe the various modules of the CELP algorithm in detail. In each chapter, an overall functional description of CELP modules is provided along with detailed illustrations of their MATLAB® implementation. Several code examples and plots are provided to highlight some of the key CELP concepts. Link to MATLAB® code found within the book Table of Contents: Introduction to Linear Predictive Coding / Autocorrelation Analysis and Linear Prediction / Line Spectral Frequency Computation / Spectral Distortion / The Codebook Search / The FS-1016 Decoder

Download or read book MATLAB Software for the Code Excited Linear Prediction Algorithm written by Karthikeyan Ramamurthy and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes several modules of the Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) algorithm. The authors use the Federal Standard-1016 CELP MATLAB® software to describe in detail several functions and parameter computations associated with analysis-by-synthesis linear prediction. The book begins with a description of the basics of linear prediction followed by an overview of the FS-1016 CELP algorithm. Subsequent chapters describe the various modules of the CELP algorithm in detail. In each chapter, an overall functional description of CELP modules is provided along with detailed illustrations of their MATLAB® implementation. Several code examples and plots are provided to highlight some of the key CELP concepts. Link to MATLAB® code found within the book Table of Contents: Introduction to Linear Predictive Coding / Autocorrelation Analysis and Linear Prediction / Line Spectral Frequency Computation / Spectral Distortion / The Codebook Search / The FS-1016 Decoder

Download or read book Analysis of the MPEG 1 Layer III MP3 Algorithm using MATLAB written by Andreas Spanias and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) algorithm is one of the most successful audio formats for consumer audio storage and for transfer and playback of music on digital audio players. The MP3 compression standard along with the AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) algorithm are associated with the most successful music players of the last decade. This book describes the fundamentals and the MATLAB implementation details of the MP3 algorithm. Several of the tedious processes in MP3 are supported by demonstrations using MATLAB software. The book presents the theoretical concepts and algorithms used in the MP3 standard. The implementation details and simulations with MATLAB complement the theoretical principles. The extensive list of references enables the reader to perform a more detailed study on specific aspects of the algorithm and gain exposure to advancements in perceptual coding. Table of Contents: Introduction / Analysis Subband Filter Bank / Psychoacoustic Model II / MDCT / Bit Allocation, Quantization and Coding / Decoder

Download or read book Sparse Representations for Radar with MATLAB Examples written by Peter Knee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the field of sparse representations is relatively new, research activities in academic and industrial research labs are already producing encouraging results. The sparse signal or parameter model motivated several researchers and practitioners to explore high complexity/wide bandwidth applications such as Digital TV, MRI processing, and certain defense applications. The potential signal processing advancements in this area may influence radar technologies. This book presents the basic mathematical concepts along with a number of useful MATLAB® examples to emphasize the practical implementations both inside and outside the radar field. Table of Contents: Radar Systems: A Signal Processing Perspective / Introduction to Sparse Representations / Dimensionality Reduction / Radar Signal Processing Fundamentals / Sparse Representations in Radar

Download or read book Advances in Modern Blind Signal Separation Algorithms written by Kostas Kokkinakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With human-computer interactions and hands-free communications becoming overwhelmingly important in the new millennium, recent research efforts have been increasingly focusing on state-of-the-art multi-microphone signal processing solutions to improve speech intelligibility in adverse environments. One such prominent statistical signal processing technique is blind signal separation (BSS). BSS was first introduced in the early 1990s and quickly emerged as an area of intense research activity showing huge potential in numerous applications. BSS comprises the task of 'blindly' recovering a set of unknown signals, the so-called sources from their observed mixtures, based on very little to almost no prior knowledge about the source characteristics or the mixing structure. The goal of BSS is to process multi-sensory observations of an inaccessible set of signals in a manner that reveals their individual (and original) form, by exploiting the spatial and temporal diversity, readily accessible through a multi-microphone configuration. Proceeding blindly exhibits a number of advantages, since assumptions about the room configuration and the source-to-sensor geometry can be relaxed without affecting overall efficiency. This booklet investigates one of the most commercially attractive applications of BSS, which is the simultaneous recovery of signals inside a reverberant (naturally echoing) environment, using two (or more) microphones. In this paradigm, each microphone captures not only the direct contributions from each source, but also several reflected copies of the original signals at different propagation delays. These recordings are referred to as the convolutive mixtures of the original sources. The goal of this booklet in the lecture series is to provide insight on recent advances in algorithms, which are ideally suited for blind signal separation of convolutive speech mixtures. More importantly, specific emphasis is given in practical applications of the developed BSS algorithms associated with real-life scenarios. The developed algorithms are put in the context of modern DSP devices, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, where design requirements dictate low power consumption and call for portability and compact size. Along these lines, this booklet focuses on modern BSS algorithms which address (1) the limited amount of processing power and (2) the small number of microphones available to the end-user. Table of Contents: Fundamentals of blind signal separation / Modern blind signal separation algorithms / Application of blind signal processing strategies to noise reduction for the hearing-impaired / Conclusions and future challenges / Bibliography

Download or read book Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms and Applications written by Uday Shankar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces basic machine learning concepts and applications for a broad audience that includes students, faculty, and industry practitioners. We begin by describing how machine learning provides capabilities to computers and embedded systems to learn from data. A typical machine learning algorithm involves training, and generally the performance of a machine learning model improves with more training data. Deep learning is a sub-area of machine learning that involves extensive use of layers of artificial neural networks typically trained on massive amounts of data. Machine and deep learning methods are often used in contemporary data science tasks to address the growing data sets and detect, cluster, and classify data patterns. Although machine learning commercial interest has grown relatively recently, the roots of machine learning go back to decades ago. We note that nearly all organizations, including industry, government, defense, and health, are using machine learning to address a variety of needs and applications. The machine learning paradigms presented can be broadly divided into the following three categories: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and semi-supervised learning. Supervised learning algorithms focus on learning a mapping function, and they are trained with supervision on labeled data. Supervised learning is further sub-divided into classification and regression algorithms. Unsupervised learning typically does not have access to ground truth, and often the goal is to learn or uncover the hidden pattern in the data. Through semi-supervised learning, one can effectively utilize a large volume of unlabeled data and a limited amount of labeled data to improve machine learning model performances. Deep learning and neural networks are also covered in this book. Deep neural networks have attracted a lot of interest during the last ten years due to the availability of graphics processing units (GPU) computational power, big data, and new software platforms. They have strong capabilities in terms of learning complex mapping functions for different types of data. We organize the book as follows. The book starts by introducing concepts in supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning. Several algorithms and their inner workings are presented within these three categories. We then continue with a brief introduction to artificial neural network algorithms and their properties. In addition, we cover an array of applications and provide extensive bibliography. The book ends with a summary of the key machine learning concepts.

Download or read book Control Grid Motion Estimation for Efficient Application of Optical Flow written by Christine M. Zwart and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion estimation is a long-standing cornerstone of image and video processing. Most notably, motion estimation serves as the foundation for many of today's ubiquitous video coding standards including H.264. Motion estimators also play key roles in countless other applications that serve the consumer, industrial, biomedical, and military sectors. Of the many available motion estimation techniques, optical flow is widely regarded as most flexible. The flexibility offered by optical flow is particularly useful for complex registration and interpolation problems, but comes at a considerable computational expense. As the volume and dimensionality of data that motion estimators are applied to continue to grow, that expense becomes more and more costly. Control grid motion estimators based on optical flow can accomplish motion estimation with flexibility similar to pure optical flow, but at a fraction of the computational expense. Control grid methods also offer the added benefit of representing motion far more compactly than pure optical flow. This booklet explores control grid motion estimation and provides implementations of the approach that apply to data of multiple dimensionalities. Important current applications of control grid methods including registration and interpolation are also developed. Table of Contents: Introduction / Control Grid Interpolation (CGI) / Application of CGI to Registration Problems / Application of CGI to Interpolation Problems / Discussion and Conclusions

Download or read book OFDM Systems for Wireless Communications written by Adarsh Narasimhamurthy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems are widely used in the standards for digital audio/video broadcasting, WiFi and WiMax. Being a frequency-domain approach to communications, OFDM has important advantages in dealing with the frequency-selective nature of high data rate wireless communication channels. As the needs for operating with higher data rates become more pressing, OFDM systems have emerged as an effective physical-layer solution. This short monograph is intended as a tutorial which highlights the deleterious aspects of the wireless channel and presents why OFDM is a good choice as a modulation that can transmit at high data rates. The system-level approach we shall pursue will also point out the disadvantages of OFDM systems especially in the context of peak to average ratio, and carrier frequency synchronization. Finally, simulation of OFDM systems will be given due prominence. Simple MATLAB programs are provided for bit error rate simulation using a discrete-time OFDM representation. Software is also provided to simulate the effects of inter-block-interference, inter-carrier-interference and signal clipping on the error rate performance. Different components of the OFDM system are described, and detailed implementation notes are provided for the programs. The program can be downloaded here. Table of Contents: Introduction / Modeling Wireless Channels / Baseband OFDM System / Carrier Frequency Offset / Peak to Average Power Ratio / Simulation of the Performance of OFDM Systems / Conclusions

Download or read book Bandwidth Extension of Speech Using Perceptual Criteria written by Visar Berisha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bandwidth extension of speech is used in the International Telecommunication Union G.729.1 standard in which the narrowband bitstream is combined with quantized high-band parameters. Although this system produces high-quality wideband speech, the additional bits used to represent the high band can be further reduced. In addition to the algorithm used in the G.729.1 standard, bandwidth extension methods based on spectrum prediction have also been proposed. Although these algorithms do not require additional bits, they perform poorly when the correlation between the low and the high band is weak. In this book, two wideband speech coding algorithms that rely on bandwidth extension are developed. The algorithms operate as wrappers around existing narrowband compression schemes. More specifically, in these algorithms, the low band is encoded using an existing toll-quality narrowband system, whereas the high band is generated using the proposed extension techniques. The first method relies only on transmitted high-band information to generate the wideband speech. The second algorithm uses a constrained minimum mean square error estimator that combines transmitted high-band envelope information with a predictive scheme driven by narrowband features. Both algorithms make use of novel perceptual models based on loudness that determine optimum quantization strategies for wideband recovery and synthesis. Objective and subjective evaluations reveal that the proposed system performs at a lower average bit rate while improving speech quality when compared to other similar algorithms.

Download or read book Algorithms and Software for Predictive and Perceptual Modeling of Speech written by Venkatraman Atti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the early pulse code modulation-based coders to some of the recent multi-rate wideband speech coding standards, the area of speech coding made several significant strides with an objective to attain high quality of speech at the lowest possible bit rate. This book presents some of the recent advances in linear prediction (LP)-based speech analysis that employ perceptual models for narrow- and wide-band speech coding. The LP analysis-synthesis framework has been successful for speech coding because it fits well the source-system paradigm for speech synthesis. Limitations associated with the conventional LP have been studied extensively, and several extensions to LP-based analysis-synthesis have been proposed, e.g., the discrete all-pole modeling, the perceptual LP, the warped LP, the LP with modified filter structures, the IIR-based pure LP, all-pole modeling using the weighted-sum of LSP polynomials, the LP for low frequency emphasis, and the cascade-form LP. These extensions can be classified as algorithms that either attempt to improve the LP spectral envelope fitting performance or embed perceptual models in the LP. The first half of the book reviews some of the recent developments in predictive modeling of speech with the help of MatlabTM Simulation examples. Advantages of integrating perceptual models in low bit rate speech coding depend on the accuracy of these models to mimic the human performance and, more importantly, on the achievable "coding gains" and "computational overhead" associated with these physiological models. Methods that exploit the masking properties of the human ear in speech coding standards, even today, are largely based on concepts introduced by Schroeder and Atal in 1979. For example, a simple approach employed in speech coding standards is to use a perceptual weighting filter to shape the quantization noise according to the masking properties of the human ear. The second half of the book reviews some of the recent developments in perceptual modeling of speech (e.g., masking threshold, psychoacoustic models, auditory excitation pattern, and loudness) with the help of MatlabTM simulations. Supplementary material including MatlabTM programs and simulation examples presented in this book can also be accessed here. Table of Contents: Introduction / Predictive Modeling of Speech / Perceptual Modeling of Speech

Download or read book Latency and Distortion of Electromagnetic Trackers for Augmented Reality Systems written by Henry Himberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Augmented reality (AR) systems are often used to superimpose virtual objects or information on a scene to improve situational awareness. Delays in the display system or inaccurate registration of objects destroy the sense of immersion a user experiences when using AR systems. AC electromagnetic trackers are ideal for these applications when combined with head orientation prediction to compensate for display system delays. Unfortunately, these trackers do not perform well in environments that contain conductive or ferrous materials due to magnetic field distortion without expensive calibration techniques. In our work we focus on both the prediction and distortion compensation aspects of this application, developing a "small footprint" predictive filter for display lag compensation and a simplified calibration system for AC magnetic trackers. In the first phase of our study we presented a novel method of tracking angular head velocity from quaternion orientation using an Extended Kalman Filter in both single model (DQEKF) and multiple model (MMDQ) implementations. In the second phase of our work we have developed a new method of mapping the magnetic field generated by the tracker without high precision measurement equipment. This method uses simple fixtures with multiple sensors in a rigid geometry to collect magnetic field data in the tracking volume. We have developed a new algorithm to process the collected data and generate a map of the magnetic field distortion that can be used to compensate distorted measurement data. Table of Contents: List of Tables / Preface / Acknowledgments / Delta Quaternion Extended Kalman Filter / Multiple Model Delta Quaternion Filter / Interpolation Volume Calibration / Conclusion / References / Authors' Biographies

Download or read book Despeckle Filtering for Ultrasound Imaging and Video Volume I written by Christos P. Loizou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that speckle is a multiplicative noise that degrades image and video quality and the visual expert's evaluation in ultrasound imaging and video. This necessitates the need for robust despeckling image and video techniques for both routine clinical practice and tele-consultation. The goal for this book (book 1 of 2 books) is to introduce the problem of speckle occurring in ultrasound image and video as well as the theoretical background (equations), the algorithmic steps, and the MATLABTM code for the following group of despeckle filters: linear filtering, nonlinear filtering, anisotropic diffusion filtering, and wavelet filtering. This book proposes a comparative evaluation framework of these despeckle filters based on texture analysis, image quality evaluation metrics, and visual evaluation by medical experts. Despeckle noise reduction through the application of these filters will improve the visual observation quality or it may be used as a pre-processing step for further automated analysis, such as image and video segmentation, and texture characterization in ultrasound cardiovascular imaging, as well as in bandwidth reduction in ultrasound video transmission for telemedicine applications. The aforementioned topics will be covered in detail in the companion book to this one. Furthermore, in order to facilitate further applications we have developed in MATLABTM two different toolboxes that integrate image (IDF) and video (VDF) despeckle filtering, texture analysis, and image and video quality evaluation metrics. The code for these toolsets is open source and these are available to download complementary to the two books. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / List of Symbols / List of Abbreviations / Introduction to Speckle Noise in Ultrasound Imaging and Video / Basics of Evaluation Methodology / Linear Despeckle Filtering / Nonlinear Despeckle Filtering / Diffusion Despeckle Filtering / Wavelet Despeckle Filtering / Evaluation of Despeckle Filtering / Summary and Future Directions / References / Authors' Biographies

Download or read book Despeckle Filtering for Ultrasound Imaging and Video written by Christos P. Loizou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that speckle is a multiplicative noise that degrades image and video quality and the visual expert's evaluation in ultrasound imaging and video. This necessitates the need for robust despeckling image and video techniques for both routine

Download or read book Theory and Applications of Gaussian Quadrature Methods written by Narayan Kovvali and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gaussian quadrature is a powerful technique for numerical integration that falls under the broad category of spectral methods. The purpose of this work is to provide an introduction to the theory and practice of Gaussian quadrature. We study the approximation theory of trigonometric and orthogonal polynomials and related functions and examine the analytical framework of Gaussian quadrature. We discuss Gaussian quadrature for bandlimited functions, a topic inspired by some recent developments in the analysis of prolate spheroidal wave functions. Algorithms for the computation of the quadrature nodes and weights are described. Several applications of Gaussian quadrature are given, ranging from the evaluation of special functions to pseudospectral methods for solving differential equations. Software realization of select algorithms is provided. Table of Contents: Introduction / Approximating with Polynomials and Related Functions / Gaussian Quadrature / Applications / Links to Mathematical Software

Download or read book Adaptive High Resolution Sensor Waveform Design for Tracking written by Ioannis Kyriakides and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent innovations in modern radar for designing transmitted waveforms, coupled with new algorithms for adaptively selecting the waveform parameters at each time step, have resulted in improvements in tracking performance. Of particular interest are waveforms that can be mathematically designed to have reduced ambiguity function sidelobes, as their use can lead to an increase in the target state estimation accuracy. Moreover, adaptively positioning the sidelobes can reveal weak target returns by reducing interference from stronger targets. The manuscript provides an overview of recent advances in the design of multicarrier phase-coded waveforms based on Bjorck constant-amplitude zero-autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences for use in an adaptive waveform selection scheme for mutliple target tracking. The adaptive waveform design is formulated using sequential Monte Carlo techniques that need to be matched to the high resolution measurements. The work will be of interest to both practitioners and researchers in radar as well as to researchers in other applications where high resolution measurements can have significant benefits. Table of Contents: Introduction / Radar Waveform Design / Target Tracking with a Particle Filter / Single Target tracking with LFM and CAZAC Sequences / Multiple Target Tracking / Conclusions

Download or read book Virtual Design of an Audio Lifelogging System written by Brian Mears and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of inexpensive, custom, highly integrated circuits is enabling some very powerful systems that bring together sensors, smart phones, wearables, cloud computing, and other technologies. To design these types of complex systems we are advocating a top-down simulation methodology to identify problems early. This approach enables software development to start prior to expensive chip and hardware development. We call the overall approach virtual design. This book explains why simulation has become important for chip design and provides an introduction to some of the simulation methods used. The audio lifelogging research project demonstrates the virtual design process in practice. The goals of this book are to: explain how silicon design has become more closely involved with system design; show how virtual design enables top down design; explain the utility of simulation at different abstraction levels; show how open source simulation software was used in audio lifelogging. The target audience for this book are faculty, engineers, and students who are interested in developing digital devices for Internet of Things (IoT) types of products.

Download or read book Algorithms and Software for Predictive and Perceptual Modeling of Speech written by Venkatraman Atti and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010-05-05 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the early pulse code modulation-based coders to some of the recent multi-rate wideband speech coding standards, the area of speech coding made several significant strides with an objective to attain high quality of speech at the lowest possible bit rate. This book presents some of the recent advances in linear prediction (LP)-based speech analysis that employ perceptual models for narrow- and wide-band speech coding. The LP analysis-synthesis framework has been successful for speech coding because it fits well the source-system paradigm for speech synthesis. Limitations associated with the conventional LP have been studied extensively, and several extensions to LP-based analysis-synthesis have been proposed, e.g., the discrete all-pole modeling, the perceptual LP, the warped LP, the LP with modified filter structures, the IIR-based pure LP, all-pole modeling using the weighted-sum of LSP polynomials, the LP for low frequency emphasis, and the cascade-form LP. These extensions can be classified as algorithms that either attempt to improve the LP spectral envelope fitting performance or embed perceptual models in the LP. The first half of the book reviews some of the recent developments in predictive modeling of speech with the help of MatlabTM Simulation examples. Advantages of integrating perceptual models in low bit rate speech coding depend on the accuracy of these models to mimic the human performance and, more importantly, on the achievable "coding gains" and "computational overhead" associated with these physiological models. Methods that exploit the masking properties of the human ear in speech coding standards, even today, are largely based on concepts introduced by Schroeder and Atal in 1979. For example, a simple approach employed in speech coding standards is to use a perceptual weighting filter to shape the quantization noise according to the masking properties of the human ear. The second half of the book reviews some of the recent developments in perceptual modeling of speech (e.g., masking threshold, psychoacoustic models, auditory excitation pattern, and loudness) with the help of MatlabTM simulations. Supplementary material including MatlabTM programs and simulation examples presented in this book can also be accessed here. Table of Contents: Introduction / Predictive Modeling of Speech / Perceptual Modeling of Speech