Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book HIV related Stigma Discrimination and Human Rights Violations written by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV-related stigma and discrimination and human rights violations constitute great barriers to preventing HIV infection; providing care, support and treatment; and alleviating the impacts of the epidemic. This publication documents case studies of successful action in different countries addressing HIV-related human rights violations, stigma and discrimination.

Download or read book Preventing HIV Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.

Download or read book Modeling in Ecology and Epidemiology written by Md. Shahidul Islam and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-10-23 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature is filled with biotic organisms (bacteria, insects, plants, animals, etc.) and B-biotic elements of the environment (air, soil, and water). The life cycle of biotic elements is entirely dependent on the abiotic elements. Pathogens like viruses, bacteria, or other infectious agents can cause diseases in living creatures. The pathogens are capable of causing infectious disease directly, or they can also spread through the other multiple species (known as the Vector). Zoonosis is an infectious disease that has jumped from non-human animals to humans. Zoonotic pathogens may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic, involve unconventional agents, and can spread to humans through direct contact with food, water, or the environment. Currently, highly infectious human populations of diseases include HIV, SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), H1N1 flu (swine flu), Dengue (Vector-borne), and so forth. Another essential feature is the pollutant of the environment (like the pesticide used for agricultural purposes and oil in the seawater) that spread among the animals through the food. Therefore, it is crucial to study infectious disease dynamics in ecological systems and human populations.

Download or read book Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.

Download or read book Disease Modelling and Public Health Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disease Modelling and Public Health, Part A, Volume 36 addresses new challenges in existing and emerging diseases with a variety of comprehensive chapters that cover Infectious Disease Modeling, Bayesian Disease Mapping for Public Health, Real time estimation of the case fatality ratio and risk factor of death, Alternative Sampling Designs for Time-To-Event Data with Applications to Biomarker Discovery in Alzheimer's Disease, Dynamic risk prediction for cardiovascular disease: An illustration using the ARIC Study, Theoretical advances in type 2 diabetes, Finite Mixture Models in Biostatistics, and Models of Individual and Collective Behavior for Public Health Epidemiology. As a two part volume, the series covers an extensive range of techniques in the field. It present a vital resource for statisticians who need to access a number of different methods for assessing epidemic spread in population, or in formulating public health policy. - Presents a comprehensive, two-part volume written by leading subject experts - Provides a unique breadth and depth of content coverage - Addresses the most cutting-edge developments in the field - Includes chapters on Ebola and the Zika virus; topics which have grown in prominence and scholarly output

Download or read book Advances in data driven approaches and modeling of complex systems written by Mohd Hafiz Mohd and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control written by Wendell H. Fleming and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book may be regarded as consisting of two parts. In Chapters I-IV we pre sent what we regard as essential topics in an introduction to deterministic optimal control theory. This material has been used by the authors for one semester graduate-level courses at Brown University and the University of Kentucky. The simplest problem in calculus of variations is taken as the point of departure, in Chapter I. Chapters II, III, and IV deal with necessary conditions for an opti mum, existence and regularity theorems for optimal controls, and the method of dynamic programming. The beginning reader may find it useful first to learn the main results, corollaries, and examples. These tend to be found in the earlier parts of each chapter. We have deliberately postponed some difficult technical proofs to later parts of these chapters. In the second part of the book we give an introduction to stochastic optimal control for Markov diffusion processes. Our treatment follows the dynamic pro gramming method, and depends on the intimate relationship between second order partial differential equations of parabolic type and stochastic differential equations. This relationship is reviewed in Chapter V, which may be read inde pendently of Chapters I-IV. Chapter VI is based to a considerable extent on the authors' work in stochastic control since 1961. It also includes two other topics important for applications, namely, the solution to the stochastic linear regulator and the separation principle.

Download or read book Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases An Introduction written by Carlos Castillo-Chavez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grew out of the discussions and presentations that began during the Workshop on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (May 17-21, 1999) sponsored by the Institute for Mathematics and its Application (IMA) at the University of Minnesota with the support of NIH and NSF. The workshop started with a two-day tutorial session directed at ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, mathematicians, and scientists interested in the study of disease dynamics. The core of this first volume, Volume 125, covers tutorial and research contributions on the use of dynamical systems (deterministic discrete, delay, PDEs, and ODEs models) and stochastic models in disease dynamics. The volume includes the study of cancer, HIV, pertussis, and tuberculosis. Beginning graduate students in applied mathematics, scientists in the natural, social, or health sciences or mathematicians who want to enter the fields of mathematical and theoretical epidemiology will find this book useful.

Download or read book Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-11-24 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated forty million people carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and five million more become newly infected annually. In recent years, many HIV-infected patients in wealthy nations have enjoyed significantly longer, good-quality lives as a result of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, most infected individuals live in the poorest regions of the world, where ART is virtually nonexistent. The consequent death toll in these regionsâ€"especially sub-Saharan Africaâ€"is begetting economic and social collapse. To inform the multiple efforts underway to deploy antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings, the Institute of Medicine committee was asked to conduct an independent review and assessment of rapid scale-up ART programs. It was also asked to identify the components of effective implementation programs. At the heart of the committee's report lie five imperatives: Immediately introduce and scale up ART programs in resource-poor settings. Devise strategies to ensure high levels of patient adherence to complicated treatment regimens. Rapidly address human-resource shortages to avoid the failure of program implementation. Continuously monitor and evaluate the programs to form the most effective guidelines and treatment regimens for each population. Prepare to sustain ART for decades.

Download or read book Mathematical Epidemiology written by Fred Brauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on lecture notes of two summer schools with a mixed audience from mathematical sciences, epidemiology and public health, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to basic ideas and techniques in modeling infectious diseases, for the comparison of strategies to plan for an anticipated epidemic or pandemic, and to deal with a disease outbreak in real time. It covers detailed case studies for diseases including pandemic influenza, West Nile virus, and childhood diseases. Models for other diseases including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, fox rabies, and sexually transmitted infections are included as applications. Its chapters are coherent and complementary independent units. In order to accustom students to look at the current literature and to experience different perspectives, no attempt has been made to achieve united writing style or unified notation. Notes on some mathematical background (calculus, matrix algebra, differential equations, and probability) have been prepared and may be downloaded at the web site of the Centre for Disease Modeling (www.cdm.yorku.ca).

Download or read book Trends in Biomathematics Modeling Epidemiological Neuronal and Social Dynamics written by Rubem P. Mondaini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers together selected peer-reviewed works presented at the BIOMAT 2022 International Symposium, which was virtually held on November 7-11, 2022, with an organization staff based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Topics touched on in this volume include infection spread in a population described by an agent-based approach; the study of gene essentiality via network-based computational modeling; stochastic models of neuronal dynamics; and the modeling of a statistical distribution of amino acids in protein domain families. The reader will also find texts in epidemic models with dynamic social distancing; with no vertical transmission; and with general incidence rates. Aspects of COVID-19 dynamics: the use of an SEIR model to analyze its spread in Brazil; the age-dependent manner of modeling its spread pattern; the impact of media awareness programs; and a web-based computational tool for Non-invasive hemodynamics evaluation of coronary stenosis are also covered. Held every year since 2001, The BIOMAT International Symposium gathers together, in a single conference, researchers from Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and affine fields to promote the interdisciplinary exchange of results, ideas and techniques, promoting truly international cooperation for problem discussion. BIOMAT volumes published from 2017 to 2021 are also available by Springer.

Download or read book An Introduction to Infectious Disease Modelling written by Emilia Vynnycky and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-05-13 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical models are increasingly used to guide public health policy decisions and explore questions in infectious disease control. Written for readers without advanced mathematical skills, this book provides an introduction to this area.

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies written by M. Elizabeth Halloran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-27 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As well as being a reference for the design, analysis, and interpretation of vaccine studies, the text covers all design and analysis stages, from vaccine development to post-licensure surveillance, presenting likelihood, frequentists, and Bayesian approaches.

Download or read book Public Health Aspects of HIV AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries written by David Celentano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-11 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has now been 25 years since the apocryphal report in the CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report dated June 5, 1981 entitled, “Pneumocystis Pneumonia - Los Angeles”, which announced what was to become HIV/AIDS. HIV has now affected virtually all countries that have looked for it and has had a devastating impact on the public health and medical care infrastructure around the world. HIV/AIDS has also disproportionately affected nations with the least capacity to confront it, especially the developing world nations in Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and the emerging republics of Eastern and Central Asia. The pandemic, unlike any other disease of our time, has had profound impacts on the practice of public health itself: bringing affected communities into decision making; demanding North-South partnerships and collaborations; and changing the basic conduct of clinical and prevention trials research. While much has been written in scholarly publications for medical, epidemiologic and disease control specialists, there is no comprehensive review of the public health impact and response to HIV/AIDS in the developing world. This edited volume seeks to systematically describe the emergence and form of the epidemics (epidemiology), the social, community and political response, and the various measures to confront and control the epidemic, with varying levels of success. Of particular importance are strategies that appear to have been useful in ameliorating the epidemic, while contrasting the situation in a neighboring country or region where contrasting prevention or care initiatives have had a deleterious outcome. Common to all responses has been the international multi-sectoral response represented by the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and the Gates Foundation, among others, to promote HIV pharmacologic therapy in resource-poor settings. The chapter authors will explore the political challenges in meeting HIV/AIDS prevention and care in concert with the public health realities in specific country and regional context.

Download or read book HIV AIDS in South Africa written by S. S. Abdool Karim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the book provides up-to-date information on new drugs, new proven HIV prevention interventions, a new chapter on positive prevention, and current HIV epidemiology. This definitive text covers all aspects of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, from basic science to medicine, sociology, economics and politics. It has been written by a highly respected team of South African HIV/AIDS experts and provides a thoroughly researched account of the epidemic in the region.

Download or read book Mathematics in Population Biology written by Horst R. Thieme and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formulation, analysis, and re-evaluation of mathematical models in population biology has become a valuable source of insight to mathematicians and biologists alike. This book presents an overview and selected sample of these results and ideas, organized by biological theme rather than mathematical concept, with an emphasis on helping the reader develop appropriate modeling skills through use of well-chosen and varied examples. Part I starts with unstructured single species population models, particularly in the framework of continuous time models, then adding the most rudimentary stage structure with variable stage duration. The theme of stage structure in an age-dependent context is developed in Part II, covering demographic concepts, such as life expectation and variance of life length, and their dynamic consequences. In Part III, the author considers the dynamic interplay of host and parasite populations, i.e., the epidemics and endemics of infectious diseases. The theme of stage structure continues here in the analysis of different stages of infection and of age-structure that is instrumental in optimizing vaccination strategies. Each section concludes with exercises, some with solutions, and suggestions for further study. The level of mathematics is relatively modest; a "toolbox" provides a summary of required results in differential equations, integration, and integral equations. In addition, a selection of Maple worksheets is provided. The book provides an authoritative tour through a dazzling ensemble of topics and is both an ideal introduction to the subject and reference for researchers.