Download or read book Maternal N 3 Fatty Acids and Early Infant Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) status during pregnancy is positively associated with infant neurodevelopment. Dietary deficiency, if present, usually occurs at the lower end of the intake distribution. Both DHA intake and the current intakes of other n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may affect risk of deficiency. Regardless, the maternal dietary intakes, and biochemical markers, or infant developmental scores indicative of maternal DHA deficiency are not defined. The objectives of this research are to determine the distribution of DHA intakes, the relationship between dietary DHA and n-6 fatty acid intakes and maternal red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid DHA, and whether or not maternal DHA status low enough to increase risk of poor infant development occurs in our community. This study was a prospective, randomized intervention study involving supplementation of healthy women from 16 weeks gestation to delivery of their infant with 400 mg/d DHA or placebo. Maternal dietary intakes and blood lipid DHA were measured at 16 and 36 weeks gestation, and infant visual acuity was assessed at 60 d of age. The results show DHA intake was skewed, and maternal dietary n-6 fatty acids were inversely, while DHA intake was positively related to levels of maternal RBC EPG DHA, P

Download or read book Developing Brain Behaviour written by John Dobbing and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-08-13 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Certain long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are thought to be essential components of the nutrition of infants, including those prematurely born, in the sense that they cannot be synthesises by the immature organism and must therefore be supplied in the diet. Breast milk contains these substances, but many manufactured infant formulae do not.An absence of dietary LCPUFAs has been thought to affect the development of the brain and retina, possibly leading to abnormalties in cognitive and visual function. Considerable multidisciplinary research has been carried out to investigate this proposition. Diets free from LCPUFAs have been compared with supplemented formulae, or with breast milk.The conclusions from this research were critically examined by a group of leading paediatricians, nutritionists, experts in visual science and developmental behavioural scientists at a 'Dobbing Workshop' held in the United States in late February, 1997. Each of the Chapters was precirculated to the whole group, commented on before the Workshop, and then exhaustively discussed. The Chapters and Commentaries which are published here have therefore undergone a more extensive peer-review process than is usually the case.

Download or read book Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Child and Maternal Health written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-29 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific-medical literature to identify, appraise, and synthesize the human evidence for the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on child and maternal health. It has been posited that the accretion of omega-3 fatty acids within the maternal biological system has the potential to influence both maternal health during pregnancy and fetal health. Likewise, it has been hypothesized that their accumulation within the post-delivery child's biological system can affect its development and health. Birth weight is the most important factor affecting neonatal morbidity and mortality, and is thus an outcome worth monitoring. Moreover, premature infants are at risk of injury to every organ system in the newborn period. Of greatest concern for infants who survive are the risks of developing permanent neurocognitive deficits that impact their lifelong health and functional capacity. Results of studies conducted on residents of the Faroe Islands suggest that marine diets, which contain omega-3 fatty acids, increase birth weight either by prolonging pregnancy8 or by increasing the fetal growth rate. Additionally, it has been hypothesized that marine oils may lower risks of certain complications of pregnancy, in particular preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension, given that some of omega-3 fatty acids' presumed mechanisms of action overlap with those of aspirin. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) have been identified as important structural components of the highly specialized membrane lipids of the human central nervous system, with phospholipids of brain gray matter containing high proportions of DHA. DHA has also been observed to be the major long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC PUFA) in the outer segments of the retina's rods and cones. Based on observational studies, it has been shown that human milk fed infants have improved neurocognitive development compared to formula fed infants; it was hypothesized that one of the contributing factors may be the availability of long-chain derivatives of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) that is present only in human milk. This difference in fatty acids intake is reflected in lower erythrocyte membrane phospholipid DHA in infants fed formula.18 Until the recent availability of infant formula with added omega-3 LC PUFAs, standard infant formula was devoid of these fatty acids. The likely significance of omega-3 fatty acids for child health is therefore suggested by the observations that (a) the human brain and retina each contain considerable amounts of omega-3 fatty acids; (b) the children delivered at term receive an important supply of omega-3 fatty acids, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy; and (c) due to a shortened gestational period, a child delivered prematurely receives less exposure to omega-3 fatty acids content than does the term child. Not surprisingly, the observation concerning preterm infants has afforded considerable empirical study of the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the health of such infants.

Download or read book Essential Fatty Acids and Infant Nutrition written by J. Ghisolfi and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 1992 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an international symposium and incorporates a complete review in the area of essential fatty acids and infant nutrition. This book brings together the results of the exchange of views between clinicians and researchers in Europe and in the United States and Canada.

Download or read book Seafood Choices written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. Seafood Choices carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Maternal and Child Health written by Sydne J. Newberry and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: To update a prior systematic review on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) on maternal and child health and to assess the evidence for their effects on, and associations with, additional outcomes. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE(r), Embase(r), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences (CAB) Abstracts from 2000 to August 2015; eligible studies from the original report; and relevant systematic reviews. REVIEW METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of any defined dose of n-3 FA (or combination) compared to placebo, any other n-3 FA, or alternative dose with an outcome of interest conducted in pregnant or breastfeeding women or neonates (preterm or term). We also included prospective observational studies that analyzed the association between baseline n-3 FA intake or biomarker level and followup outcomes. Postnatal interventions began within a week of birth for term infants and within a week of beginning enteral or oral feeding for preterm infants. Standard methods were used for data abstraction and analysis, according to the Evidence-based Practice Center Methods Guide. RESULTS: We identified 4,275 potentially relevant titles from our searches, of which 95 RCTs and 48 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was a concern with both RCTs and observational studies. Outcomes for which evidence was sufficient to draw a conclusion are summarized here with the Strength of Evidence (SoE). (Outcomes for which the evidence was insufficient to draw a conclusion are summarized in Appendix G of the report.)MATERNAL EXPOSURES AND OUTCOMES: Gestational length and risk for preterm birth: Prenatal algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation had a small positive effect on length of gestation (moderate SoE), but no effect on risk for preterm birth (low SoE). Prenatal EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) plus DHA-containing fish oil supplementation has no effect on length of gestation (low SoE). Supplementation with DHA, or EPA plus DHA-, or DHA-enriched fish oil does not decreaserisk for preterm birth (low SoE). Birth weight and risk for low birth weight: Changes in maternal n-3 FA biomarkers were significantly associated with birth weight. Prenatal algal DHA or DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation had a positive effect on birth weight among healthy term infants (moderate SoE), but prenatal DHA supplementation had no effect on risk for low birth weight (low SoE). Prenatal EPA plus DHA or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) supplementation had no effect on birth weight (low SoE). Risk for peripartum depression: Maternal n-3 FA biomarkers had no association with risk for peripartum depression. Maternal DHA, EPA, or DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation had no effect on risk for peripartum depression (low SoE). Risk for gestational hypertension/preeclampsia: Prenatal DHA supplementation among high-risk pregnant women had no effect on the risk for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (moderate SoE). Prenatal supplementation of any n-3 FA in normal-risk women also had no significant effect on risk for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia (low SoE). FETAL, INFANT, AND CHILD EXPOSURES AND OUTCOMES: Postnatal growth patterns: Maternal fish oil or DHA plus EPA supplementation had no effect on postnatal growth patterns (attainment of weight, length, and head circumference) when administered prenatally (moderate SoE) or both pre- and postnatally (low SoE). Fortification of infant formulas with DHA plus arachidonic acid (AA, an n-6 FA) had no effect on growth patterns of preterm or term infants (low SoE). Visual acuity: Prenatal supplementation with DHA had no effect on development of visual acuity (low SoE). Supplementing or fortifying preterm infant formula with any n-3 FA had no significant effect on visual acuity assessed by visual evoked potentials (VEP) at 4 or 6 months corrected age (low SoE). Data conflicted on the effectiveness of supplementing infant formula for term infants with n-3 FA depending on when and how visual acuity was assessed (i.e. by VEP or by behavioral methods) and the type of essential FA provided (low SoE). Neurological development: Prenatal or postnatal n-3 FA supplementation had no consistent effect on neurological development (low SoE). Cognitive development: Prenatal DHA supplementation with AA or EPA had no effect on cognitive development (moderate SoE). Supplementing breastfeeding women with DHA plus EPA also had no effect on cognitive development in infants and children (low SoE). Supplementing or fortifying preterm infants' formula with DHA plus AA had a positive effect on infant cognition at some short-term followup times (moderate SoE). Supplementing or fortifying infant formula for term infants with any n-3 FA had no effect on cognitive development (low SoE). Evidence is insufficient to support any effect of n-3 FA infant supplementation on long-term cognitive outcomes. Autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disorders: Maternal or infant n-3 FA supplementation had no effect on risk for autism spectrum disorders or ADHD (low SoE). No studies on other learning disorders were identified. Atopic dermatitis (AD), allergies, and respiratory disorders: Pre- and postnatal (maternal and infant) n-3 FA supplementation had no consistent effect on the risk for AD/eczema, allergies, asthma, and other respiratory illnesses (moderate SoE). Biomarkers and intakes had no consistent association with the risk for AD, allergies, and respiratory disorders (low SoE). Adverse events: Prenatal and infant supplementation with n-3 FA or fortification of foods with n-3 FA did not result in any serious or nonserious adverse events (moderate SoE); with the exception of an increased risk for mild gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies in this report examined the effects of fish oil (or other combinations of DHA and EPA) supplements on pregnant or breastfeeding women or the effects of infant formula fortified with DHA plus AA. As with the original report, with the exception of small increases in birth weight and length of gestation,n-3 FA supplementation or fortification has no consistent evidence of effects on peripartum maternal or infant health outcomes. No effects of n-3 FA were seen on gestational hypertension, peripartum depression, or postnatal growth. Apparent effects of n-3 FA supplementation were inconsistent across assessment methods and followup times for outcomes related to infant visual acuity, cognitive development and prevention of allergy and asthma. Future RCTs need to assess standardized preparations of n-3 and n-6 FA, using a select group of clinically important outcomes, on populations with baseline n-3 FA intakes typical of those of most western populations.

Download or read book Lipids in Infant Nutrition written by Andrew J. Sinclair and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 1998-05-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen articles present the latest research, covering topics connected with infant nutrition and antioxidants, cholesterol, triglycerides, and the effect of diet. A sampling of article topics: possible roles of maternal and perinatal long-chain fatty acids in preterm birth; enzymes in human milk; role of gangliosides in infant nutrition; and early diet influences on hepatic lipogenesis. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Fatty Acids in Obese Pregnancies Maternal and Child Outcomes written by Andrea de la Garza Puentes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity has implications on the health of future generations by early life programming. The mother is usually the main source of nutrients for the fetus and neonate, hence her nutritional status is crucial for child development. Fatty acids (FAs), especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), are key nutrients in fetal growth and development. Since these nutrients are known to be altered by conditions such as obesity, maternal obesity could impair fetal/neonatal FA supply, and consequently child outcomes. This thesis presents 4 manuscripts about the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy weight on FA quality and concentrations, along with the implications on maternal and child outcomes. We studied mother-child pairs selected from the total participants in the observational PREOBE cohort study and divided them into 4 groups according to maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational diabetes status; 1) normal-weight, overweight, obese and gestational diabetic. We investigated if FADS and ELOVL genetic variants were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI or affected PUFA levels in plasma of pregnant women. We found that minor allele carriers of FADS1 and FADS2 SNPs had an increased risk for obesity and that the effects of genotype on plasma FA concentrations differed by maternal pre-pregnancy weight status. Enzymatic activity and FA levels were reduced in normal-weight women who were minor allele carriers of FADS SNPs; these reductions were not significant in overweight/obese participants. This suggests that women with a BMI>25 are less affected by FADS genetic variants in this regard. In the presence of FADS2 and ELOVL2 SNPs, overweight/obese women showed higher n-3 LC-PUFA production indexes in plasma than those women in the normal-weight group, but this was not enough to obtain a higher n3 LC-PUFA concentration. We also analyzed the differences in colostrum PUFA composition according to maternal pre-gestational BMI and FADS genotype. A high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with altered FA levels in colostrum, nevertheless FADS genotypes modulated these results. Minor allele carriers resulted with decreased enzymatic activity and PUFA levels only in normal-weight individuals, making their FA levels similar to those of overweight/obese women. Therefore, FADS genetic variation in overweight/obese women had a different impact, possibly improving their FA status. We also found that dietary intake of DHA in late pregnancy influenced colostrum levels of DHA, thus a high intake of this FA could be a recommendation to improve breast milk composition. Prior to FA analysis in the infants, we validated cheek cells and capillary blood as less invasive alternatives to traditional plasma sampling for FA analysis. We determined the impact of maternal BMI and/or infant feeding practice in infant FA concentrations, and analyzed if these FAs associated with cognitive performance. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI altered the infant FA behavior in evolution, feeding practice and cognition. In general, FA concentrations decreased towards the 3 years of life, except for the SFAs, n6:n3 and LC-n6:n3 ratios which were increased. Exclusive breastfeeding seemed to rise crucial FAs (e.g. DHA) in infants at 6 months of age, and cognitive performance was found improved in infants with high levels of PUFAs (e.g. DHA, 17) until 1.5 years of age (e.g. n3 PUFAs). These results are a contribution to the scientific evidence of the importance of a healthy pre-pregnancy weight, and identify groups of women who could benefit from an adequate FA intake to pursue better infant outcomes. We therefore should promote a healthy weight and diet in women before, during and after pregnancy to have beneficial effect in children, and consequently prevent some nutrition-related issues through their life.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Body Composition in Infants written by Ye Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Body composition in early life is a key factor that impacts human health outcomes throughout the lifespan. There are several published studies describing the role of maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status in altering offspring body composition. However, less information is available for the relationship between infant n-3 PUFA and body composition. The present study aimed to test whether there is a relationship between newborn n-3 PUFA status and infant body composition. Seventy healthy mother-infant pairs from the Lakeshore General Hospital located in Greater Montreal were recruited. Infant body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maternal and infant blood samples were taken, red blood cell (RBC) fractions collected and washed with saline then methylated to prepare fatty acid methyl esters with methanolic acetyl chloride for PUFA analysis using gas chromatography. Fatty acid status was expressed as % of total fatty acids (FA) in RBC. Infants were ranked according to RBC PUFA proportions using tertiles of: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6), ∑n-3 PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA and the ratio of n-6 PUFA: n-3 PUFA (n-6:n-3 ratio). The difference between the highest and lowest tertile was tested using MIXED model ANOVA. Correlation analysis and multiple regression models were performed to examine the relationships between the PUFA percentage and infant body composition. All infants (n=40 male; n=30 female) were of healthy weights and lengths for age (0.65±0.18 mo) and breastfed. On average, infants had 5.4±0.7% DHA, 14.7±1.3% AA, 6.4±0.9% ∑n-3 PUFA, 29.4±1.5% ∑n-6 PUFA of total FA and a n-6:n-3 ratio of 4.7±0.7 in RBC membranes. Infant RBC DHA and AA were negatively related to percentage of body fat (R2=0.26, p=0.03 and R2=0.27, p=0.02 respectively) in regression models adjusted for family income, maternal education, pregnancy weight gain, race, infant postnatal age, infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and sex. RBC AA was also positively associated with lean mass (g/kg) (R2=0.31, p=0.01). Infants in the highest tertile of the n-6:n-3 ratio had a higher percentage of body fat compared to those in the lowest tertile (15.9±2.5% vs 13.3±2.6%, p=0.04). These results suggest that the neonatal PUFA percentage might partially explain the variation of infant fat stores obtained in utero and during early infancy. As such, balancing the ratio of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA could be explored as a strategy to positively regulate body composition in infants. Further research is needed to replicate this study specifically in this age group. " --

Download or read book Complementary Feeding written by Robert E. Black and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complementary feeding period from 6 to 24 months is a crucial part of the first 1000 days of development. It marks the transition from exclusively milk-based liquid diet to the family diet and self-feeding. During this period, healthy food preferences and feeding practices are formed. The papers in this book were presented at the 87th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop in Singapore, May 2016. Divided into three parts, they provide updates and recommendations, as well as insights into strategies and interventions, from all around the world. The first part addresses the role of complementary feeding in healthy development, focusing on food types and the timing of solid food introduction. The second part examines determinants of growth restriction and discusses effective interventions in infants and children in low- and middle-income countries. The last part focuses on development and 'programming' of behavioral and psychological aspects to prevent childhood obesity in high socioeconomic settings.

Download or read book Maternal Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation written by Michael E. Symonds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the aim to improve clinicians' understanding of the important effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development, Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation defines the nutritional requirements with regard to the stage of development and growth, placing scientific developments into clinical context.

Download or read book A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.

Download or read book Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants written by B. Koletzko and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved conditions of care for premature infants have led to markedly increased survival rates over the last few decades, particularly in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Nutritional measures play a central role in the long-term outcome, health and quality of life of these premature infants. In this publication, leading experts from all 5 continents present the most recent evidence and critical analyses of nutrient requirements and the practice of nutritional care (with the focus on very low birth weight infants) to provide guidance for clinical application. After the introductory chapters, covering nutritional needs and research evidence in a more general manner, topics such as amino acids and proteins, lipids, microminerals and vitamins, parenteral and enteral nutrition as well as approaches to various disease conditions are addressed. Due to its focus on critical appraisals and recommendations, this book is of interest not only for the researcher who wants to keep up to date, but also for the clinician faced with premature infants in his practice.

Download or read book Maternal DHA Impact on Child Neurodevelopment written by Asim K. Duttaroy and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Special Issue, we focus on maternal docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), and arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6 (ARA), on children’s neurodevelopment. During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both DHA and ARA are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural–functional roles, and their levels in the signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously studied. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not yet clearly known. Recent data suggest that there may be a need for a balanced proportion of ARA and DHA in infant formula due to their complementary benefits. This review describes the importance of ARA in addition to DHA to support optimal brain development and growth in an infant, and functional roles in the brain.

Download or read book Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnancy and Lactation written by Sunita R. Cheruku and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Fetal Early Postnatal Nutrition on the Developing Brain Implication for Adult Disease written by Kathleen C. Page and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Functionality of Maternal and Neonatal Fatty Acids written by Chantal Elisabeth Henricus Dirix and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: