Download or read book Matching on the Estimated Propensity Score written by Alberto Abadie and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propensity score matching estimators (Rosenbaum and Rubin, 1983) are widely used in evaluation research to estimate average treatment effects. In this article, we derive the large sample distribution of propensity score matching estimators. Our derivations take into account that the propensity score is itself estimated in a first step, prior to matching. We prove that first step estimation of the propensity score affects the large sample distribution of propensity score matching estimators. Moreover, we derive an adjustment to the large sample variance of propensity score matching estimators that corrects for first step estimation of the propensity score. In spite of the great popularity of propensity score matching estimators, these results were previously unavailable in the literature.
Download or read book Propensity Score Analysis written by Wei Pan and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to help researchers better design and analyze observational data from quasi-experimental studies and improve the validity of research on causal claims. It provides clear guidance on the use of different propensity score analysis (PSA) methods, from the fundamentals to complex, cutting-edge techniques. Experts in the field introduce underlying concepts and current issues and review relevant software programs for PSA. The book addresses the steps in propensity score estimation, including the use of generalized boosted models, how to identify which matching methods work best with specific types of data, and the evaluation of balance results on key background covariates after matching. Also covered are applications of PSA with complex data, working with missing data, controlling for unobserved confounding, and the extension of PSA to prognostic score analysis for causal inference. User-friendly features include statistical program codes and application examples. Data and software code for the examples are available at the companion website (www.guilford.com/pan-materials).
Download or read book Propensity Score Analysis written by Shenyang Guo and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2015 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides readers with a systematic review of the origins, history, and statistical foundations of Propensity Score Analysis (PSA) and illustrates how it can be used for solving evaluation and causal-inference problems.
Download or read book Practical Propensity Score Methods Using R written by Walter Leite and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Propensity Score Methods Using R by Walter Leite is a practical book that uses a step-by-step analysis of realistic examples to help students understand the theory and code for implementing propensity score analysis with the R statistical language. With a comparison of both well-established and cutting-edge propensity score methods, the text highlights where solid guidelines exist to support best practices and where there is scarcity of research. Readers will find that this scaffolded approach to R and the book’s free online resources help them apply the text’s concepts to the analysis of their own data.
Download or read book Does Matching Overcome Lalonde s Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators written by Jeffrey A. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Secondary Analysis of Electronic Health Records written by MIT Critical Data and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients.
Download or read book Microeconometrics written by Steven Durlauf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specially selected from The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 2nd edition, each article within this compendium covers the fundamental themes within the discipline and is written by a leading practitioner in the field. A handy reference tool.
Download or read book Using Propensity Scores in Quasi Experimental Designs written by William M. Holmes and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Propensity Scores in Quasi-Experimental Designs, by William M. Holmes, examines how propensity scores can be used to reduce bias with different kinds of quasi-experimental designs and to fix or improve broken experiments. Requiring minimal use of matrix and vector algebra, the book covers the causal assumptions of propensity score estimates and their many uses, linking these uses with analysis appropriate for different designs. Thorough coverage of bias assessment, propensity score estimation, and estimate improvement is provided, along with graphical and statistical methods for this process. Applications are included for analysis of variance and covariance, maximum likelihood and logistic regression, two-stage least squares, generalized linear regression, and general estimation equations. The examples use public data sets that have policy and programmatic relevance across a variety of disciplines.
Download or read book Matched Sampling for Causal Effects written by Donald B. Rubin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-04 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matched sampling is often used to help assess the causal effect of some exposure or intervention, typically when randomized experiments are not available or cannot be conducted. This book presents a selection of Donald B. Rubin's research articles on matched sampling, from the early 1970s, when the author was one of the major researchers involved in establishing the field, to recent contributions to this now extremely active area. The articles include fundamental theoretical studies that have become classics, important extensions, and real applications that range from breast cancer treatments to tobacco litigation to studies of criminal tendencies. They are organized into seven parts, each with an introduction by the author that provides historical and personal context and discusses the relevance of the work today. A concluding essay offers advice to investigators designing observational studies. The book provides an accessible introduction to the study of matched sampling and will be an indispensable reference for students and researchers.
Download or read book Propensity Score Methods and Applications written by Haiyan Bai and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, introductory text, Propensity Score Methods and Applications describes propensity score methods (PSM) and how they are used to balance the distributions of observed covariates between treatment conditions as a means to reduce selection bias. This new QASS title specifically focuses on the procedures of implementing PSM for research in social sciences, instead of merely demonstrating the effectiveness of the method. Using succinct and approachable language to introduce the basic concepts of PSM, authors Haiyan Bai and M. H. Clark present basic concepts, assumptions, procedures, available software packages, and step-by-step examples for implementing PSM using real-world data, with exercises at the end of each chapter allowing readers to replicate examples on their own.
Download or read book Aortopathy written by Koichiro Niwa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook to focus on Aortopathy, a new clinical concept for a form of vasculopathy. The first section of the book starts from discussing general concept and history of Aortopathy, and then deals with its pathophysiology, manifestation, intrinsic factor, clinical implication, management and prevention. The second part closely looks at various disorders of the Aortopathy such as bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of aorta. The book editors have published a lot of works on the topic and have been collecting relating data in the field of congenital heart disease for the past 20 years, thus present the book with confidence. The topic - an association of aortic pathophysiological abnormality, aortic dilation and aorto-left ventricular interaction - is getting more and more attention among cardiovascular physicians. This is the first book to refer for cardiologists, pediatric cardiologists, surgeons, ACHD specialists, etc. to acquire thorough knowledge on Aortopathy.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology Vol 1 written by Todd D. Little and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology provides an accessible and comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-science and a one-stop source for learning and reviewing current best-practices in a quantitative methods across the social, behavioral, and educational sciences.
Download or read book Propensity Score Matching Methods for Non experimental Causal Studies written by Rajeev H. Dehejia and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers causal inference and sample selection bias in non-experimental settings in which: (i) few units in the non-experimental comparison group are comparable to the treatment units, and (ii) selecting a subset of comparison units similar to the treatment units is difficult because units must be compared across a high-dimensional set of pre-treatment characteristics. We propose the use of propensity score matching methods and implement them using data from the NSW experiment. Following Lalonde (1986), we pair the experimental treated units with non-experimental comparison units from the CPS and PSID and compare the estimates of the treatment effect obtained using our methods to the benchmark results from the experiment. We show that the methods succeed in focusing attention on the small subset of the comparison units comparable to the treated units and, hence, in alleviating the bias due to systematic differences between the treated and comparison units.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Health Economics written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-02-21 with total page 1663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Health Economics offers students, researchers and policymakers objective and detailed empirical analysis and clear reviews of current theories and polices. It helps practitioners such as health care managers and planners by providing accessible overviews into the broad field of health economics, including the economics of designing health service finance and delivery and the economics of public and population health. This encyclopedia provides an organized overview of this diverse field, providing one trusted source for up-to-date research and analysis of this highly charged and fast-moving subject area. Features research-driven articles that are objective, better-crafted, and more detailed than is currently available in journals and handbooks Combines insights and scholarship across the breadth of health economics, where theory and empirical work increasingly come from non-economists Provides overviews of key policies, theories and programs in easy-to-understand language
Download or read book Efficient Propensity Score Regression Estimators of Multivalued Treatment Effects for the Treated written by Ying-Ying Lee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching is a widely used program evaluation estimation method when treatment is assigned at random conditional on observable characteristics. When a multivalued treatment takes on more than two values, valid causal comparisons for a subpopulation who is treated a particular treatment level are based on two propensity scores - one for the treated level and one for the counterfactual level. The main contribution of this paper is propensity score regression estimators for a class of treatment effects for the treated that achieve the semiparametric efficiency bounds under the cases when the propensity scores are unknown and when they are known. We derive the large sample distribution that accounts for the estimation error of the propensity score as generated regressors. We contribute to the binary treatment literature by a new propensity score regression estimator for the average/quantile treatment effect for the treated: our efficient estimator matches on a normalized propensity score that is a combination of the true propensity score and its nonparametric estimate. There are two key findings: (I) The efficiency bound is reduced by knowledge of the propensity scores for the treated levels, but is not affected by knowledge of the propensity score for the counterfactual level. (II) Matching on the nonparametrically estimated propensity score recovers the information contained in matching on the pretreatment variables.
Download or read book The Propensity Score written by Boris Augurzky and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of Observational Studies written by Paul R. Rosenbaum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An observational study is an empiric investigation of effects caused by treatments when randomized experimentation is unethical or infeasible. Observational studies are common in most fields that study the effects of treatments on people, including medicine, economics, epidemiology, education, psychology, political science and sociology. The quality and strength of evidence provided by an observational study is determined largely by its design. Design of Observational Studies is both an introduction to statistical inference in observational studies and a detailed discussion of the principles that guide the design of observational studies. Design of Observational Studies is divided into four parts. Chapters 2, 3, and 5 of Part I cover concisely, in about one hundred pages, many of the ideas discussed in Rosenbaum’s Observational Studies (also published by Springer) but in a less technical fashion. Part II discusses the practical aspects of using propensity scores and other tools to create a matched comparison that balances many covariates. Part II includes a chapter on matching in R. In Part III, the concept of design sensitivity is used to appraise the relative ability of competing designs to distinguish treatment effects from biases due to unmeasured covariates. Part IV discusses planning the analysis of an observational study, with particular reference to Sir Ronald Fisher’s striking advice for observational studies, "make your theories elaborate." The second edition of his book, Observational Studies, was published by Springer in 2002.
