Download or read book Mass Spectrometry based Neuropeptidomic Study and Functional Discovery of Signaling Peptides written by Yang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptides are a group of signaling molecules with great diversity and significant functions in the regulation of physiological processes. The sequence identifications and stress-related studies are highly important in the systematic neuropeptidome characterization of a biological model. Crustaceans are one of the most commonly used animal models in neuropeptide research, providing a simple and well-characterized nervous system. Mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved as a prominent strategy in neuropeptide study, benefiting from its high resolution, high speed and high sensitivity. This dissertation is devoted to the development and application of MS-based techniques in multi-scale characterization of the crustacean neuropeptidome both qualitatively and quantitatively by incorporating various sample collection strategies, sample preparation protocols and MS methods. Collectively, the comprehensive investigation of neuropeptidome documented in this dissertation will lay a solid foundation for future studies of the functional roles of peptide hormones in the crustacean nervous system and the MS-based workflows introduced here will find widespread applications in the studies of signaling molecules utilized by various biological systems.
Download or read book Discovery and Quantification of Crustacean Neuropeptides Using Mass Spectrometry and Informatics Approaches written by Nhu Vu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of endogenous peptides is important for discovering critical elements involved in many physiological processes and disorders. Neuropeptides are endogenous peptide hormones that regulate these processes by binding to receptors to initiate cellular signaling pathways. Discovery of neuropeptide function is an increasingly popular avenue for disease therapeutics research, resulting in increased need for improved neuropeptide characterization methods. Although mass spectrometry (MS) is well-suited for neuropeptide analysis due to its high sensitivity and capacity for untargeted, global neuropeptide measurements, there are still technical challenges that must be overcome. For example, neuropeptide sequences within a peptide family are highly homologous and therefore must be analyzed in their intact form to obtain high sequence coverage for confident identification and often require high resolution instrumentation. This becomes more challenging as sequence length and post-translational modification complexity increases. In this thesis, I will discuss my efforts in improving MS-based neuropeptidomic workflows, specifically in relation to "top-down" protein and peptide characterization, while highlighting improvements in identification and quantification of peptides through optimized fragmentation and cysteine reactive labeling. I will also discuss my contributions to our group's novel software, HyPep, enabling utility for confident neuropeptide identification. Altogether, these methods have contributed to increased neuropeptide coverage and can be translated to the analysis of other peptide classes.This thesis begins with two reviews of recent developments in MS-based analysis of neuropeptides. Each review outlines examples of how advancements in MS sample preparation, MS acquisition, data analysis, and technology has increased our understanding of neuropeptides, and provides insight on promising directions for further development within each section. My research contributions in Professor Lingjun Li's research group started by applying peptidomics workflows to quantify changes in neuropeptide expression due to hypoxia stress in a crustacean animal model, C. sapidus. Using the same animal model, we also increased the number of detectable neuropeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS imaging by incorporating novel tissue wash steps during sample preparation. Over 100 putative peptidomic biomarkers for different levels of hypoxia severity and duration were discovered within multiple tissue types. Four neuropeptide biomarkers were examined for functional activity and two neuropeptides were discovered to increase cardiac output ex vivo, including the first-ever reported function for a crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor-related peptide (CPRP). Since CPRP (3.5 kDa) is co-released with crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptide (8.5 kDa), an important neuropeptide that regulates glucose metabolism, we did not detect CHH in these hypoxia studies because its larger size prevented confident detection using typical neuropeptidomic MS workflow and data acquisition methods. Previous members of our research group have developed MS methods to sequence CHH, but limitations of those methods included requiring multiple MS instruments or reliance on targeted MS strategies in which information of potential novel neuropeptides is lost. I built upon those MS acquisition and data analysis methods and was able to sequence novel CHH isoforms and proteoforms, without assistance from genomic or transcriptomic-based sequence prediction, using a Thermo Orbitrap Fusion Lumos instrument. Additionally, I developed novel sample preparation methods to reduce the disulfide bonds and alkylate all six cysteine residues on CHH at high efficiency (83-89% labeling efficiency). While developing methods for CHH are beneficial for analyzing mid-size (8-10 kDa) peptides, I sought to also advance general neuropeptidomics data analysis pipeline. A novel concept for neuropeptide identification software, called HyPep, was created 10 years ago but was not finished and could not be used. To make the software usable, I incorporated features typically used in peptide-spectrum matching (PSM)-based algorithms in proteomics software, such as a false discovery rate. I optimized the software parameters which resulted in HyPep outperforming an analogous commercial software in identifying neuropeptides from four crustacean neuronal tissue types. Collectively, this dissertation is devoted to advancing sample preparation, data acquisition, and data analysis strategies for neuropeptidomics, and these methods are also potentially translatable to analyze other classes of endogenous peptides.
Download or read book Probing Neuropeptidomics by Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, an array of biological mass spectrometry (MS) based methods were developed and employed to enable the identification and functional analysis of neuropeptides in the crustacean nervous system. Neuropeptides encompass the largest and most diverse group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. They are necessary for the initiation and regulation of numerous physiological processes such as feeding, reproduction and development. However, the discovery and identification of these important signaling molecules presents unique challenges due to the vast complexity and minute quantities of endogenously expressed peptides. Further functional analysis of neuropeptides needs to be conducted for a comprehensive neuropeptidomic study. Using the decapod crustacean nervous system and associated neuroendocrine organs as experiment model, this dissertation research focuses on the development of an integrated analytical platform for large-scale identification and discovery of neuropeptides, as well as investigation of the functional roles of neuropeptides. The work presented here contributes insight into neuropeptidome of a commercially and scientifically important crustacean species, blue crab /italicCallinectes sapidus/italic and the possible functionality of certain peptides. A multifaceted mass spectrometry approach combining complementary sample preparation techniques, advanced separation strategies, alternative fragmentation methods, mass spectral imaging (MSI) and stable isotopic labeling was used for large-scale identification and to provide comprehensive information on peptide expression level changes under different physiological states. Several new analytical methodologies and tools have been developed to enable enhanced neuropeptidome coverage and improved /italicde novo/italic sequencing. A two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS was used for neuronal tissue extract analysis and greatly improved the neuropeptidome coverage. A homemade capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) system was used for separation of the most acidic neuropeptide family Orcokinins in the sinus gland (SG). Additionally, electron transfer dissociation (ETD) was employed for the identification and sequencing of intact crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor related peptides (CPRPs), a group of multiply charged peptides in the SG. More than 150 neuropeptides including over 40 novel ones were identified in blue crab's nervous system. Furthermore, a comparative peptidomic study utilized mass spectral imaging (MSI), stable isotopic labeling and electrophysiological study was developed to provide comprehensive information about peptide expression level changes after food intake. Moreover, a MS-based platform was developed to study the differential degradation of neuropeptides by extracellular peptidases via monitoring degradation rate and degradation products. Collectively, this body of work extends the capability of mass spectrometry as a bioanalytical tool for neuropeptide analysis and advances the basic understanding of neuronal signaling.
Download or read book Neuropeptides and Other Bioactive Peptides written by Lloyd D. Fricker and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptides and peptide hormones represent the largest class of chemical messengers that transmit information from one cell to another. In this review, several decades of research on peptides in cell-cell signaling are summarized, with a focus on neuropeptide discovery, biosynthesis, and function. In addition to covering the well-studied aspects of neuropeptides, emerging concepts are discussed, including classical versus non-classical neuropeptides and direct versus indirect neuropeptides. Other potential functions for peptides in intercellular and intracellular signaling are also discussed.
Download or read book A Mass Spectrometry based Neuropeptide Discovery Pipeline written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptides represent the most complex group of endogenous molecules in the nervous system that plays important roles in the regulation of physiological process. Elucidation of these signaling molecules is a crucial step towards understanding the underlying mechanism of neuromodulation. My thesis research focuses on development of an efficient peptide discovery pipeline that accelerates neuropeptidomic analysis in crustacean models. We established a high-definition MS approach for identification and characterization of large crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)-family neuropeptides, which was achieved by combining bottom-up, off-line top-down, and on-line top-down tandem MS methods. We further refined and incorporated this high-definition approach into a multi-scale strategy for simultaneous and confident sequence elucidation of various sizes of peptides in the crustacean nervous system. A wide range of neuropeptides with various molecular weights (0.9-8.2 kDa) were fully sequenced. The well-characterized primary sequences of neuropeptides provide opportunities for elucidation of their structural information. To rapidly and precisely localize D-amino acids in bioactive peptides, we developed a novel site-specific strategy by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) analysis of MS-generated epimeric fragment ions. Our results indicate that the isomerization of L- to D-Phe occurs in the American lobster CHHs. In addition to characterization of conformational isomers of neuropeptides, our method allows elucidating structural isomers in gas phase. We report on a novel strategy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of b-type ion isomers by combining electron transfer dissociation, IMS and formaldehyde labeling. The analysis results provide evidence to support the proposed fragmentation mechanism of peptide sequence scrambling in gas phase. The final goal of our study is to understand the roles of neuropeptides play in neural circuits. To investigate if CHHs are involved in regulation of food intake, a new isotopic labeling-assisted top-down MS strategy was developed to directly monitor the abundance changes of endogenous large neuropeptides. Comparative analysis in unfed and fed crabs revealed that the CHH abundance in the sinus glands was significantly increased after food intake. In addition, label-free quantitative analysis reveals that the orcokinin and RFamide peptides were down-regulated after food intake, suggesting that the release of these neuropeptides might be altered by feeding behavior.
Download or read book Sampling Strategies for Characterization of Neuropeptides Using Mass Spectrometry and Functional Implications Into Cell cell Signaling written by Adriana Bora and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, there are developed different analytical strategies to discover and characterize mammalian brain peptides using small amount of tissues. The magnocellular neurons of rat supraoptic nucleus in tissue and cell culture served as the main model to study neuropeptides, in addition to hippocampal neurons and mouse embryonic pituitaries. The neuropeptidomcis studies described here use different extraction methods on tissue or cell culture combined with mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). These strategies lead to the identification of multiple peptides from the rat/mouse brain in tissue and cell cultures, including novel compounds One of the goals in this dissertation was to optimize sample preparations on samples isolated from well-defined brain regions for mass spectrometric analysis. Here, the neuropeptidomics study of the SON resulted in the identification of 85 peptides, including 20 unique peptides from known prohormones. This study includes mass spectrometric analysis even from individually isolated magnocellular neuroendocrine cells, where vasopressin and several other peptides are detected. At the same time, it was shown that the same approach could be applied to analyze peptides isolated from a similar hypothalamic region, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Although there were some overlaps regarding the detection of the peptides in the two brain nuclei, different peptides were detected specific to each nucleus. Among other peptides, provasopressin fragments were specifically detected in the SON while angiotensin I, somatostatin-14, neurokinin B, galanin, and vasoactive-intestinal peptide (VIP) were detected in the SCN only. Lists of peptides were generated from both brain regions for comparison of the peptidome of SON and SCN nuclei. Moving from analysis of magnocellular neurons in tissue to cell culture, the direct peptidomics of the magnocellular and hippocampal neurons led to the detection of 10 peaks that were assigned to previously characterized peptides and 17 peaks that remain unassigned. Peptides from the vasopressin prohormone and secretogranin-2 are attributed to magnocellular neurons, whereas neurokinin A, peptide J, and neurokinin B are attributed to cultured hippocampal neurons. This approach enabled the elucidation of cell-specific prohormone processing and the discovery of cell-cell signaling peptides. The peptides with roles in the development of the pituitary were analyzed using transgenic mice. Hes1 KO is a genetically modified mouse that lives only e18.5 (embryonic days). Anterior pituitaries of Hes1 null mice exhibit hypoplasia due to increased cell death and reduced proliferation and in the intermediate lobe, the cells differentiate abnormally into somatotropes instead of melanotropes. These previous findings demonstrate that Hes1 has multiple roles in pituitary development, cell differentiation, and cell fate. AVP was detected in all samples. Interestingly, somatostatin [92-100] and provasopressin [151-168] were detected in the mutant but not in the wild type or heterozygous pituitaries while somatostatin-14 was detected only in the heterozygous pituitary. In addition, the putative peptide corresponding to m/z 1330.2 and POMC [205-222] are detected in the mutant and heterozygous pituitaries, but not in the wild type. These results indicate that Hes1 influences the processing of different prohormones having possible roles during development and opens new directions for further developmental studies. This research demonstrates the robust capabilities of MS, which ensures the unbiased direct analysis of peptides extracted from complex biological systems and allows addressing important questions to understand cell-cell signaling in the brain.
Download or read book Neuropeptidomics MS base Peptide Identification and Quantitation Study written by Ping Yin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptidomics refers to a global characterization approach for the investigation of neuropeptides, often under specific physiological conditions. Neuropeptides comprise a complex set of cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are important in regulatory functions and behavior in the nervous system. Neuropeptide production typically involves endoproteolytic prohormone cleavage, exoproteolytic cleavage, and post-translational modifications by a variety of enzymes. Neuropeptides are packaged into and eventually released from the large dense-core vesicles in a regulated secretory pathway. Neuropeptidomics is inherently challenging because neuropeptides are spatially, temporally and chemically heterogeneous in the brain. In addition, the unconventional peptide precursor cleavages and various post-translational modifications require the unbiased measurements of actual peptide forms. Mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with optimized liquid chromatography separation and aided by appropriate sample preparation, has been successfully applied for peptide identification and quantitation. Neuropeptide production regulated by DIMM-dependent genetic mechanism and post-translational processing through alpha-amidation has been studied with different MS-based approaches such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and electrospray ionization ion-trap (ESI-IT) MS. DIMM, a transcription factor in Drosophila, appears able to make non-peptidergic cells into peptidergic neurons. Qualitative MS approaches allowed us to observe the fully processed ectopic peptide MII in Drosophila non-peptidergic cells only when DIMM was present. Quantitative MS approaches, together with molecular biological methods, revealed DIMM enabled this complete and efficient ectopic peptide processing through regulating gene CG13248. In addition, an important post-translational modification, peptide alpha-amidation, was studied with mice of different genotypes on different copper diets. The results on the peptide level changes of mature peptides and their immature intermediate forms facilitate our understanding on peptide amidation reaction and its dedicated enzyme peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). Neurons and glia are two main types of cells in the central nervous system. Analogous to neuropeptidome, the knowledge of the gliopeptidome would aid our understanding of the interaction between glia and neurons. Therefore, the peptides in and regulatedly released from glia were examined. Peptides derived from proteins or putatively from neuropeptide precursors were identified with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Future studies would focus on the confirmation of the putatively identified peptides and the functions of identified peptides in glia. This dissertation demonstrates MS-based approaches are useful tools for probing peptides qualitatively and quantitatively, which would greatly expand our understanding of cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system.
Download or read book Investigation of Neuropeptidomics and Proteomics by Multifaceted Approaches Coupled to Mass Spectrometry written by Shan Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigation of neuropeptidomics and proteomics by multifaceted approaches coupled to mass spectrometry Shan Jiang Under the supervision of Professor Lingjun Li At the University of Wisconsin-Madison Abstract In recent decades, mass-spectrometry (MS)-based neuropeptidomics and proteomics has become an extremely powerful tool in the analytical field that enables identification and quantification of proteins and peptides in complex biological samples. The introduction of advanced MS instruments and bioinformatics tools has enabled the high-throughput and high-specificity analyses of thousands of proteins including their post-translational modifications in cultured cells, primary tissues, and body fluids. In this dissertation, efforts have been made to address challenges in MS-based neuropeptidomics and proteomics: from sample preparation, to MS instrumentation and finally to data processing and functional analysis. Monolithic stationary support has been conjugated with multiple types of affinity reagents for highly efficient sample preparation. With enzymes being immobilized onto monolithic bed, on-column digestion can be completed in minutes for proteomics studies. With specific antibodies immobilized onto the column, purification of targeted analytes from biological matrices has been achieved. In order to study in vivo neuropeptidomic changes, MALDI MS imaging platform has been introduced and developed. Furthermore, analysis and characterization of complex neuropeptide (NP) extraction from tissues have been explored as complementary approaches to MALDI MSI platform, providing enhanced coverage of neuropeptidome. Additionally, MALDI MSI platform has been integrated to live animal model for real time monitoring of signaling molecules in vivo during animal behavior. Finally, quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis was applied to study the exocytosis pathways from pancreatic cancer cells. In summary, this dissertation research provides comprehensive improvement in the overall process of MS-based neuropeptidomics and proteomics. Development of multi-faceted approaches enables more in-depth investigation on signaling molecules in several biological systems.
Download or read book Peptidomics written by Mikhail Soloviev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to peptidomics- a hands-on lab reference The first truly comprehensive book about peptidomics for protein and peptide analysis, this reference provides a detailed description of the hows and whys of peptidomics and how the techniques have evolved. With chapters contributed by leading experts, it covers naturally occurring peptides, peptidomics methods and new developments, and the peptidomics approach to biomarker discovery. Explaining both the principles and the applications, Peptidomics: Methods and Applications: * Features examples of applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceutical science, toxicity biomarkers, and neuroscience * Details the successful peptidomic analyses of biological material ranging from plants to mammals * Describes a cross section of analytical techniques, including traditional methodologies, emerging trends, and new techniques for high throughput approaches An enlightening reference for experienced professionals, this book is sufficiently detailed to serve as a step-by-step guide for beginning researchers and an excellent resource for students taking biotechnology and proteomics courses. It is an invaluable reference for protein chemists and biochemists, professionals and researchers in drug and biopharmaceutical development, analytical and bioanalytical chemists, toxicologists, and others.
Download or read book Mass Spectral Analysis of Crustacean Signaling Peptides Using a Multi dimensional Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By definition, neuropeptides are a class of signaling molecules either secreted by or that have an effect on neurons. They are present at minute concentrations in complex biological matrices. Their expression levels vary both temporally and spatially as they regulate several biological functions. Our limited knowledge of their regulatory processes has resulted in the creation or understanding of several therapeutic treatments with more advancements hinging on future neuropeptidomic breakthroughs. A multi-dimensional strategy has been implemented for the analysis of neuropeptides in the crustacean model system. Due to their dynamic nature, biological mass spectrometry is the instrumental platform used for neuropeptide analysis. It is coupled with analytical methodologies primarily focused on improving neuropeptide detection, identification, and quantitation. Simple protocols for rapid, robust, and reproducible analysis have been developed by modifying previous techniques for novel application on newer technologies. Several protocols were developed by acknowledging both the benefits and limitations of the techniques implemented. While this work utilizes both soft ionization techniques, more emphasis is given to the development of MALDI analysis. Relative quantitative analysis by 4-plex N,N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) labels was applied to study the neuropeptide expression level changes in relation to feeding. A neuropeptide database was compiled for automated analysis of large datasets using popular protein identification and quantitation software. Improving mass spectrometry de novo sequencing was achieved by modifying a simple acid-driven deamidation protocol to determine the presence and location of amides. Also, the formation of multiply charged peptides by MALDI ionization was explored to improve fragmentation spectra. Finally, to further analysis by MALDI ionization, proof-of-principle projects were initiated. The first was established to improve detection of hemolymph samples on newer MALDI instruments to determine expression level changes of circulating neuropeptides in relation to the circadian rhythm cycle. The second was the application of isotopic DiLeu (iDiLeu) labels to generate a five point standard curve for absolute quantitation. Primary interests of these labels are in their application for imaging experiments. In conclusion, all projects were developed by implementing a multi-dimensional strategy to strengthen the mass spectrometric platform for advancing neuropeptidomic research.
Download or read book Brain Peptides written by Dorothy T. Krieger and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1983-11-14 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first major comprehensive overview of the anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and embryological aspects of brain peptides, focusing on peptides described in the past decade. Examines the role of peptides in affecting major homeostatic systems. Presents the methodologies applicable to the study of brain peptides. Summarizes current knowledge of individual peptides.
Download or read book Peptidomics written by Michael Schrader and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes protocols for basic state-of-the-art approaches in the field of peptidomics. Most of these approaches are independent of the instruments used for analysis and can easily be adapted for equipment that is available in a typical proteomics facility. Chapters detail many of the basic techniques used to detect and identify peptides, methods for the relative quantitation of peptides between samples using isotopic labels or label-free approaches, and biological species as well as sample types. Written in the highly successful format of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, a list of the necessary materials and reagents, reproducible step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting common problems and avoiding pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Peptidomics: Methods and Strategies provides useful guidance for studies in the rapidly growing field of peptidomics.
Download or read book Activation of Viruses by Host Proteases written by Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will give an overview on viruses undergoing proteolytic activation through host proteases. The chapters will be organized in three themed parts, the first part describing respective viruses and their characteristics in detail. In the second part the molecular and cellular biology of the proteases involved as well as their physiological functions will be further explored. The third part will contain a chapter on protease inhibitors that are promising tools for antiviral therapy. This book will engage scholars in virology and medical microbiology as well as researchers with an interest in enzymology and protein structure and function relationship.
Download or read book Systems Neuroscience written by Albert Cheung-Hoi Yu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of Advances in Neurobiology brings together experts in the emerging field of Systems Neuroscience to present an overview of this area of research. Topics covered include: how different neural circuits analyze sensory information, form perceptions of the external world, make decisions, and execute movements; how nerve cells behave when connected together to form neural networks; the relationship between molecular and cellular approaches to understanding brain structure and function; the study of high-level mental functions; and studying brain pathologies and diseases with Systems Neuroscience. A hierarchy of biological complexity arises from the genome, transcriptome, proteome, organelles, cells, synapses, circuits, brain regions, the whole brain, and behaviour. The best way to study the brain, the most complex organ in the body composed of 100 billion cells with trillions of interconnections, is with a Systems Biology approach. Systems biology is an inter-disciplinary field that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems to reveal 'emergent properties' - properties of cells and groups of cells functioning as a system whose actual and theoretical description is only possible using Systems Biology techniques.
Download or read book The Crustacean Nervous System written by Konrad Wiese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique selection of reviews summarizes current knowledge in all major fields of crustacean neurobiology and all levels of their CNS organization, using lobster and crayfish. It not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also describes all available contemporary and advanced techniques, such as patch clamp recordings, microelectrode techniques, immunocytochemistry, and all methods of molecular genetics to identify cellular pathways of protein synthesis and peptidergic control. In summary, it is a comprehensive account of the research achievements in one of the major nervous systems besides the mammalian CNS.
Download or read book Endocrinology and Metabolism written by Philip Felig and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1981 with total page 1408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Written by leading clinicians with greater emphasis on clinical practice, rather than basic science
Download or read book Advancements of Mass Spectrometry in Biomedical Research written by Alisa G. Woods and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the use of mass spectrometry for biomedical applications. Chapters focus on specific therapeutic areas such as oncology, infectious disease and psychiatry. Additional chapters focus on methodology as well as new technologies and instrumentation. This volume provides readers with a comprehensive and informative manual that will allow them to appreciate mass spectrometry and proteomic research but also to initiate and improve their own work. Thus the book acts as a technical guide but also a conceptual guide to the newest information in this exciting field. Mass spectrometry is the central tool used in proteomic research today and is rapidly becoming indispensable to the biomedical scientist. With the completion of the human genome project and the genomic revolution, the proteomic revolution has followed closely behind. Understanding the human proteome has become critical to basic and clinical biomedical research and holds the promise of providing comprehensive understanding of human physiological processes. In addition, proteomics and mass spectrometry are bringing unprecedented biomarker discovery and are helping to personalize medicine.
