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Book Mass Balance of the Cryosphere

Download or read book Mass Balance of the Cryosphere written by Jonathan L. Bamber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and comprehensive overview of observational and modelling techniques for all climate change, environmental science and glaciology researchers.

Book Global Land Ice Measurements from Space

Download or read book Global Land Ice Measurements from Space written by Jeffrey S. Kargel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international team of over 150 experts provide up-to-date satellite imaging and quantitative analysis of the state and dynamics of the glaciers around the world, and they provide an in-depth review of analysis methodologies. Includes an e-published supplement. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space - Satellite Multispectral Imaging of Glaciers (GLIMS book for short) is the leading state-of-the-art technical and interpretive presentation of satellite image data and analysis of the changing state of the world's glaciers. The book is the most definitive, comprehensive product of a global glacier remote sensing consortium, Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS, http://www.glims.org). With 33 chapters and a companion e-supplement, the world's foremost experts in satellite image analysis of glaciers analyze the current state and recent and possible future changes of glaciers across the globe and interpret these findings for policy planners. Climate change is with us for some time to come, and its impacts are being felt by the world's population. The GLIMS Book, to be released about the same time as the IPCC's 5th Assessment report on global climate warming, buttresses and adds rich details and authority to the global change community's understanding of climate change impacts on the cryosphere. This will be a definitive and technically complete reference for experts and students examining the responses of glaciers to climate change. World experts demonstrate that glaciers are changing in response to the ongoing climatic upheaval in addition to other factors that pertain to the circumstances of individual glaciers. The global mosaic of glacier changes is documented by quantitative analyses and are placed into a perspective of causative factors. Starting with a Foreword, Preface, and Introduction, the GLIMS book gives the rationale for and history of glacier monitoring and satellite data analysis. It includes a comprehensive set of six "how-to" methodology chapters, twenty-five chapters detailing regional glacier state and dynamical changes, and an in-depth summary and interpretation chapter placing the observed glacier changes into a global context of the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system. An accompanying e-supplement will include oversize imagery and other other highly visual renderings of scientific data.

Book Using Reanalysis Data to Characterize Arctic and Sub Arctic Glaciers

Download or read book Using Reanalysis Data to Characterize Arctic and Sub Arctic Glaciers written by Quin Ourada and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The net mass balance fluctuations of Arctic and Sub-Arctic glaciers, north of 47.5° North latitude, are described over a 45-year period from 1957 to 2002 using two parameters derived from a gridded climatology reanalysis. Variability among 185 measured glaciers was represented according to two main components. The first component represents the temporal variability of the net balance series derived from a statistically defined geographic region. The second component represents the glacier-specific variability in the net balance series (the amplitude of variability). Each component was numerically derived using gridded monthly mean temperature and precipitation data at a 2.5° spatial resolution. These two main components of the net balance series can be determined from simple glacier location data. The temporal variability component was determined using patterns of warm season temperature that were then used to define the statistically correlated regions. The glacier-specific component was approximated along continuum of continentality. Continentality was based on the relative ratio of warm to cool season temperature at the glacier location, which was then normalized and differenced using precipitation magnitude. Ultimately 21 distinct geographic regions containing at least one representative glacier were defined for the first, temporal component. In data-rich regions, such as the Alps and Scandinavia, spatial variability was identified on a finer scale than individual mountain ranges. The temporal evolution of measured net balance series within each region were more closely related to each other than measured mass balance on the scale of mountain ranges. This temporal signal can be considered the most likely temporal signal that would be characteristic of unmeasured glaciers within the spatial extent of the region. This spatial extent defined for each region is specific, and based on similarities in physical climatology as opposed to more vaguely defined regions based on mountain ranges or other geographic features. The, second, glacier specific component of the series was related to net balance standard deviations (58% variance explained), balance amplitude (55% variance explained) and climate sensitivity (56% variance of temperature sensitivity and 52% variance of precipitation sensitivity explained) for measured glaciers. The normalization process resulted in a glacier continuum ranging from -1 to 1 to describe the relative position of a glacier along a continuum or wet-maritime to dry continental. These two pieces of information can be used together to approximate a large component of the net balance series for an unmeasured glacier based on location alone. Representing unmeasured glaciers in this manner is, by no means, a substitute for actual field measurements or complex and highly parameterized mass balance models. This approach is also limited in accuracy by the spatial resolution of the gridded climatologies used, which at this time are still quite coarse, 2.5°. However, in lieu of more detailed data, a simple approximation of glacier mass balance can be made and those measured glaciers most likely to exhibit similar characteristics can be identified to assist in tuning parameters for a more detailed mass balance model.

Book Glacier Mass balance Measurements

Download or read book Glacier Mass balance Measurements written by Gunnar Østrem and published by Saskatoon, Sask. : National Hydrology Research Institute. This book was released on 1991 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of field methods for recording variations in glacier mass-balance studies, for use in Canada and Norway, including 'cold' or 'subpolar' glaciers. Includes sample forms, world overview of observations, and overviews of Canadian Arctic and Alaskan programs, with notes on remote sensing.

Book Assessing Glacier Mass Balances from Small Tropical Glaciers to the Large Ice Sheet of Greenland

Download or read book Assessing Glacier Mass Balances from Small Tropical Glaciers to the Large Ice Sheet of Greenland written by Todd Hayden Albert and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: A combination of field work, modeling, and remote sensing was used to determine mass balances for the Quelccaya Ice Cap in Peru and for parts of the Greenland Ice Sheet. A 40-year history of deglaciation on Quelccaya derived from satellite is presented. Automatic Weather Station and snow pit data throughout Greenland were utilized to determine a mass balance profile for the ice sheet which will serve as a baseline for future comparison. Finally, a series of models were tested in west-central Greenland for their ability to accurately simulate measured melt conditions given hourly observations of the surface meteorology. A new analytical melt model, SOSIM, was developed and tested for this study.

Book Glaciers and Climate Change

Download or read book Glaciers and Climate Change written by J. Oerlemans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text brings together meteorology and the theory of glacier flow, providing a fundamental understanding of how glaciers respond to climate change. Attention is paid to the microclimate of glaciers and the physical processes regulating the exchange of energy and mass between glacier surface and atmosphere. Simple analytical and numerical models are used to: · investigate glaciers sensitivity to climate change · estimate response times · make an interpretation of historical glacier records · assess the contribution of glacier melt to sea-level rise Modern developments in glacier research, including satellite measurements are discussed in detail, making this a valuable reference source.

Book Northern Research Basins Water Balance

Download or read book Northern Research Basins Water Balance written by Douglas L. Kane and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Approaches to Modelling the Mass Balance of High Arctic Glaciers

Download or read book Approaches to Modelling the Mass Balance of High Arctic Glaciers written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Approaches to Modelling the Mass Balance of High Arctic Glaciers

Download or read book Approaches to Modelling the Mass Balance of High Arctic Glaciers written by Anthony Alan Arendt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Use of Surface Energy Balance Models as a Means to Quantify Changes in Glacier Mass Balance

Download or read book The Use of Surface Energy Balance Models as a Means to Quantify Changes in Glacier Mass Balance written by Andrew Cody Beedlow and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the measured and modeled mass balance of the Collier Glacier, a small (0.70 km2), valley glacier located in the Oregon Cascade Range (44° 10' N, 121° 47' W). Here we present mass-balance measurements conducted for the 2009 and 2010 balance years on the Collier Glacier. The glacier has a unique photo record of retreat throughout the 20th century, thus making it one of the best-recorded glaciers in the Oregon Cascade Range. As part of the study, we installed and maintained automated weather stations (AWS) to collect data needed to apply and validate the OSU surface energy balance model (SEBM). The variations in the mass balance for the Collier Glacier continue previously determined variations where there are years with significant mass loss, and years of mass gain. The general form of the Collier Glacier's net balance did not change appreciably between 1989 and 2010, with high ablation gradients below the ELA and low gradients above the ELA. However, there was a slight increase in elevation of the location of maximum ablation as well as the terminus, coinciding with the decrease in surface area since completion of the last study in 1994. The net balance curve continues to translate back and forth along the x-axis from year to year depending on the timing and magnitude of winter snow accumulation and summer temperatures. These data suggest that potential negative balance years could result in an ELA that is above the icefall, exposing a significant amount of mass flux to the ablation area, enhancing ablation and subsequent retreat. Model results indicate that the OSU SEBM is capable of capturing the seasonal pattern of mass balance for the Collier Glacier. The model also shows good agreement both spatially and temporally with the mass-balance measurements conducted for the 2009 and 2010 balance years. Model experiments were conducted to compare model performance and investigate the superiority of more complex models with simpler approaches. Model comparisons between the OSU SEBM calculating the turbulent heat fluxes with the bulk method showed similar performances with the SEBM calculating the turbulent heat fluxes with a simpler transfer coefficient method. Furthermore, the OSU SEBM was also compared to a simple positive degree-day (PDD) model. Model simulations indicated that the PDD model explained approximately 82% of the variance in summer ablation, while the SEBM explained approximately 78% of the variance in summer ablation. These results indicate that simpler methods to model glacier mass balance may be just as effective as the more complex methods.

Book Temperature index Modeling of Mass Balance and Runoff in the Valdez Glacier Catchment in 2012 and 2013

Download or read book Temperature index Modeling of Mass Balance and Runoff in the Valdez Glacier Catchment in 2012 and 2013 written by Jennifer Lynn Davis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaciers play an important role in both storage and generation of runoff within individual watersheds. The Valdez Glacier catchment (342 km2), located in southern Alaska in the Chugach mountains off of Prince William Sound, is characterized by large annual volumes of rain- and snowfall. As Valdez Glacier and other glaciers within the catchment (comprising 58% of the catchment area) continue to melt in a warming climate, it is unclear how the runoff will be affected. Temperature-index modeling is one method used to estimate glacier mass balance and runoff in highly glacierized catchments, and may be suitable for predicting future runoff regimes. In this study, we used a combination of field measurements (air temperature, glacier mass balance, streamflow, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-derived snow water equivalent (SWE) from a parallel study) and modeled climate data (PRISM) to a) calibrate a temperature-index model to glacier mass balance in 2012; b) validate the model to laser altimetry; and c) calibrate a temperature-index model to runoff measurements in fall of 2012 and in spring, summer and fall of 2013. We calibrated the snow-radiation coefficient (r_snow), ice-radiation coefficient (r_ice), and melt factor (MF) of the temperature-index model to glacier mass balance measurements from 2012. Using the calibrated- r_snow, r_ice, and MF (i.e. r_snow, r_ice, and MF = 0.20, 0.50 and 4.0, respectively), we calculated 2012 annual glacier mass balance (Ba) at 0.05 ± 0.49 meters water equivalent (m w.eq.). We next validated the model to 2012 laser altimetry annual glacier mass balance estimates (Ba = 0.20 ± 0.6 m w.eq.). We then modeled glacier mass balance in 2013 using r_snow, r_ice, and MF from the 2012 calibration. The model underestimated summer glacier mass balance in 2013, resulting in annual glacier mass balance (Ba = 0.55 m w.eq.) that did not fall within the 2013 laser altimetry annual balance estimate (Ba = -1.15 +0.29/-0.30 m w.eq.). We therefore re-calibrated MF to 2013 laser altimetry measurements, resulting in an annual glacier mass balance (Ba) of -1.10 ± 0.49 m w. eq. We next calibrated the storage constants of the runoff model to hydrographs from mid-September until mid-October 2012, and from May until October 2013, with r_snow, r_ice, and MF set to values from the 2012 glacier mass balance calibration. Total modeled runoff in mid- September until mid-October 2012 was within 3% of measured runoff (E- and lnE- were 0.54 and 0.76, respectively). Modeled runoff in 2013 was calculated to within 5% of 2013 runoff measurements (E- and lnE-values of 0.79 and 0.70, respectively). We next modeled runoff in 2013 using MF from the 2013 glacier mass balance calibration to laser altimetry (i.e. MF = 7.0). The fit of 2013 modeled to measured runoff was reduced (E- and lnE- values of 0.44 and 0.54, respectively), suggesting that additional glacier mass balance measurements are necessary in 2013 in order to properly calibrate the model. Results indicate that glacier melt parameters likely vary inter-annually. Therefore, the temperature-index model is capable of modeling both glacier melt and runoff in a maritime catchment, provided that ablation stake, air temperature, precipitation, and streamflow measurements are available for the simulation period.

Book Glacier Mass Balance Changes and Meltwater Discharge

Download or read book Glacier Mass Balance Changes and Meltwater Discharge written by Patrick Ginot and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Strategy for Monitoring Glaciers

Download or read book A Strategy for Monitoring Glaciers written by Andrew G. Fountain and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: