Download or read book Marine Toxins as Research Tools written by Nobuhiro Fusetani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-31 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine organisms produce a wide array of toxins, many of which are not only structurally unusual, but also show potent and interesting modes of action. Since the discovery of tetrodotoxin, a pufferfish toxin, as a potent and selective blocker of Na+ channels in 1964, it has been widely used as a research tool in pharmacological and physiological research. This has led to the identification of a number of important biological functions for Na+ channels. In recent years, much biological research has been carried out at molecular and cellular levels, and therefore selective inhibitors of enzymes and selective antagonist/agonists of receptors and channels have become increasingly important research tools. Accordingly, interest in using such compounds as reagents has increased. Marine toxins are some of the most popular research tools and have already contributed much to our understanding of biological processes and disease mechanisms.
Download or read book Emerging Marine Biotoxins written by Ana Gago-Mart´ınez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.
Download or read book Marine Toxins written by Dominick Gray and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In areas where toxic algal blooms occur, the main affected organisms are shellfish, which, because of their high levels of filtration (clearance rate), accumulate high concentrations of nutrients and toxic phytoplankton in their visceral tissue. This accumulation of toxins in shellfish leads to a distribution of these toxins to their different non-visceral tissues. Chapter One of Marine Toxins: Detection Methods, Chemical and Biological Aspects and Health Effects discusses the detection and quantification of lipophilic marine biotoxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry from endemic species and gastropods. Chapter Two presents studies which use the similarity analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP-toxins) profile patterns to analyze epidemiological linkage of a group of toxins contaminated bivalves collected between years 2004 and 2015. Chapter Three provide an overview of the current status of biomarker use in the assessment of the effects of marine toxins on bivalve mollusks. Chapter Four reviews the latest research on the biological and clinical effects of caulerpenyne.
Download or read book Marine Biotoxins written by Hans P. Egmond and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an extensive review of different aspects of five shellfish-poisoning syndromes (paralytic, diarrhoeic, amnesic, neurologic and azapiracid), as well as one fish-poisoning syndrome (ciguatera fish poisoning), and discusses in detail the causative toxins produced by marine organisms, chemical structures and analytical methods of the toxins, habitat and occurrence of the toxin-producing organisms, case studies and existing regulations. Based on this analysis, risk assessments are carried out for each of the toxins, and recommendations are elaborated to improve the management of these risks in order to reduce the harmful effect of these toxins on public health.
Download or read book Marine Biotoxins written by Fao and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an extensive review of different aspects of five shellfish-poisoning syndromes (paralytic, diarrhoeic, amnesic, neurologic and azapiracid), as well as one fish-poisoning syndrome (ciguatera fish poisoning). It discusses in detail the causative toxins produced by marine organisms, chemical structures and analytical methods, habitat and occurrence of the toxin-producing organisms, case studies and existing regulations. Based on this analysis, risk assessments are carried out for each of the toxins, and recommendations are elaborated to improve the management of these risks in order to reduce the harmful effects of these toxins on public health. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of PSP toxins, Prevention of PSP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of PSP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 3: Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of DSP toxins, Prevention of DSP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of DSP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 4: Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of ASP toxins, Prevention of ASP toxins, Prevention of ASP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of ASP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 5: Neurologic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of NSP toxins, Prevention of NSP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of NSP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 6: Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning (AZP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of AZP toxins, Prevention of AZP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of AZP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 7: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP); Chemical structures and properties of ciguatoxins, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s), habitat and distribution, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of CFP toxins, Prevention of CFP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of CFP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 8: Risk Assessment; Risk assessment for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PS), Risk assessment for diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP), Risk assessment for Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), Risk assessment for neurologic shellfish poisoning (NSP), Risk assessment for azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP), Risk assessment for ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP); Chapter 9: Conclusions and Recommendations; Conclusions, Recommendations.
Download or read book Marine Pharmacognosy written by Dean Martin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Pharmacognosy: Action of Marine Biotoxins at the Cellular Level focuses on the study and utilization of marine drugs. This book discusses the methods of isolation and characterization of bioactive agents, bioassays, microcalorimetry, voltage-clamp techniques, toxin-induced alterations, measurement of muscle contraction, and kinetics of toxin-induced hemolysis. Organized into nine chapters, this book starts with an overview of the use and usefulness of marine bioactive agents as research tools. This text then examines the pharmacological effects of maculotoxin, which are similar to those of tetrodoxin and saritoxin. Other chapters consider the role of choline in general cellular processes. This book discusses as well the rate of hemolysis as a function of prymnesin concentration. The final chapter deals with the features of the prymnesin–membrane interaction. This book is a valuable resource for pharmacologists, bacteriologists, zoologists, physiologists, botanists, and oceanographers. Scientists involved in biological oceanography and comparative physiology will also find this book useful.
Download or read book Recent Advances in the Analysis of Marine Toxins written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in the Analysis of Marine Toxins, Volume 78, the newest release in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series, presents chapters from the best authors in the field, making it an essential resource. Updated sections in this new volume include topics such as The importance of toxin detection and quantification: environmental issues, public health, food safety, animal health, bioterrorism, bioactive compounds, medical approach, an LC-MS/MS analysis of marine toxins, Animal bioassays: identification of toxins and mechanism of action, Receptor binding assays for the analysis of marine toxins, Immunoassays and optical biosensors (visual, SPR, fluorescence) for marine toxins, and Electrochemical biosensors for marine toxins. Chapters in this ongoing series contain practical and useful information, describing real advantages and limitations. Experts in this field contribute based on their research and personal point-of-view. Contains contributions from the best authors in the field Provides an essential resource for marine monitoring managers and scientific community
Download or read book Nanobiosensors written by Aiguo Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing cutting edge research on the hot topic of nanobiosensor, this book will become highly read Biosensor research has recently re-emerged as most vibrant area in recent years particularly after the advent of novel nanomaterials of multidimensional features and compositions. Nanomaterials of different types and striking properties have played a positive role in giving the boost and accelerated pace to biosensors development technology. Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications covers several aspects of biosensors beginning from the basic concepts to advanced level research. It will help to bridge the gap between various aspects of biosensors development technology and applications. It covers biosensors related material in broad spectrum such as basic concepts, biosensors & their classification, biomarkers & their role in biosensors, nanostructures-based biosensors, applications of biosensors in human diseases, drug detection, toxins, and smart phone based biosensors. Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications will prove a source of inspiration for research on biosensors, their local level development and consequently using for practical application in different industries such as food, biomedical diagnosis, pharmaceutics, agriculture, drug discovery, forensics, etc. * Discusses the latest technology and advances in the field of nanobiosensors and their applications in human diseases, drug detection, toxins * Offers a broad and comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials such as carbon materials, nitride based nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide based nanomaterials for the fast-developing nanobiosensors research * Goes to a wide scientific and industry audience Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications is a resource for polymer chemists, spectroscopists, materials scientists, physical chemists, surface chemists, and surface physicists.
Download or read book Marine Biotoxins and Seafood Poisoning written by Pedro Reis Costa and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine biotoxins may pose a threat to the human consumption of seafood and seafood products. The increasing global trade and higher demand for seafood products worldwide represents a challenge for food safety authorities, policy makers, food business operators, and the scientific community, in particular, researchers devoted to environmental sciences, toxicology, and analytical chemistry. In addition, due to changes in climate conditions and technological developments, new and emerging marine toxins are being detected in regions where they were previously unknown. This Special Issue highlight studies aiming to the develop detection methods for marine biotoxins for better understanding the dynamics of accumulation/elimination of marine biotoxins and their effects on marine organisms, as well as toxin exposure studies that aim to evaluate the risks associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood.
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Neurotoxins written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Neurotoxins, Volume Five provides comprehensive information on marine toxins present in the human food chain and the affecting targets relevant for the functioning of the brain and our nervous system, covering all the information available on their action on the physiology of neurons and glial cells, both "in vivo" or "in vitro." New sections in this release include Guanidinium Toxins: Evolution, Mode of Action and Chemical Ecology, Amnesic: Domoic Acid, Neurotoxic: Ciguatoxin and Brevetoxin, Neurotoxic: Cyclic Imines, Potentially Neurotoxic: Okadaic acid and analogues, Potentially Neurotoxic: Palytoxin, and Methods for assessing the presence of marine neurotoxins. Focuses on the human nervous system and the effects marine toxins have on its function Provides the latest information on established and potential neurotoxins Includes updates on food related toxins
Download or read book Liquid Chromatography written by Salvatore Fanali and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Second Edition,is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. It gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their knowledge of the wide variety of applications in the field. In the years since the first edition was published, thousands of papers have been released on new achievements in liquid chromatography, including the development of new stationary phases, improvement of instrumentation, development of theory, and new applications in biomedicine, metabolomics, proteomics, foodomics, pharmaceuticals, and more. This second edition addresses these new developments with updated chapters from the most expert researchers in the field. Emphasizes the integration of chromatographic methods and sample preparation Explains how liquid chromatography is used in different industrial sectors Covers the most interesting and valuable applications in different fields, e.g., proteomic, metabolomics, foodomics, pollutants and contaminants, and drug analysis (forensic, toxicological, pharmaceutical, biomedical) Includes references and tables with commonly used data to facilitate research, practical work, comparison of results, and decision-making
Download or read book Marine Toxins Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Toxins—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Marine Toxins in a concise format. The editors have built Marine Toxins—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Marine Toxins in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Marine Toxins—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Endemic Species written by Eusebio Cano Carmona and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of several thematic groups, including botany, zoology and topics related to human health. In regards to botany, chapters discuss endemic plants of Bolivia, Mexico, Italy and the Caribbean. They show the diversity, distribution and conservation of many species. In regards to zoology, the book highlights endemic primates and reptiles. Additionally, the book presents other environmental issues relevant to conservation. This volume also presents topics related to health, some of which are relevant for their implications on health and the economy, is the case of the presence of toxins in the Pacific plankton.All chapters present relevant content for future research or because they are fundamental for territorial management.
Download or read book The Toxins that Time Forgot written by Richard J Harris and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxins, both venom and poison, have great potential for pharmacological, ecological and evolutionary research. Yet despite this, many toxins, especially in marine organisms, have been relatively unstudied. This negligence within marine toxinology is surprising given the vast rise in proteomic and transcriptomic methods available to analyse toxins. This study attempts to characterise toxins of marine taxa of which little is currently known. In doing so, it provides a template for future studies to explore marine toxinology. The species chosen were lesser weever fish (Echiichthys vipera), greater weever fish (Trachinus draco) and a nemertean (Lineus longissimus). A proteomic and transcriptomic approach was taken, utilising methods as SDS-PAGE, HPLC, MS-MS and total RNA analysis to understand the composition of the toxins. Further, the morphological and ecological aspects of the toxin delivery systems were also investigated. Proteomic data obtained for both weever fish highlight key aspects of their venom composition which corroborate previous research, confirming the presence of both Trachinine and Dracotoxin along with their molecular masses. Here I have described novel venom delivery systems with unique structural and morphological features in weever fish, and have characterized three novel L. longissimus toxins, testing their effects on a natural predator. Transcriptomic analysis of E. vipera and L. longissimus toxins reveal a suite of matches to closely related toxic species indicating that gene duplication may play an important role in the evolution of marine toxins. This research has provided new insights into the evolution of marine toxins through family lineages and can potentially aid in further understanding the evolution of toxins throughout Animalia. The discoveries made in this study represent an ideal start to push marine toxinology from a neglected status and into the forefront of toxinological research.
Download or read book Marine Toxins Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Toxins—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Tetrodotoxin in a concise format. The editors have built Marine Toxins—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Tetrodotoxin in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Marine Toxins—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Marine and Freshwater Toxins written by P. Gopalakrishnakone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.
