Download or read book Mapping identification and characterization of candidate tumour suppressor gene s on the short arm of human chromosome 3 involved in several cancers written by Alonso Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mapping of the Short Arm of Human Chromosome Three and Isolation and Characterization of a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Gamma written by Sal Thomas LaForgia and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Wafik S. El-Deiry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become clear that tumors result from excessive cell proliferation and a corresponding reduction in cell death caused by the successive accumulation of mutations in key regulatory target genes over time. During the 1980s, a number of oncogenes were characterized, whereas from the 1990s to the present, the emp- sis has shifted to tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). It has become clear that oncogenes and TSGs function in the same pathways, providing positive and negative growth regulatory activities. The signaling pathways controlled by these genes involve virtually every process in cell biology, including nuclear events, cell cycle, cell death, cytoskeletal, cell membrane, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion effects. Mu- tions in tumor suppressor genes have been identified in familial cancer syndromes, and the same genes in many cases have been found to be mutationally inactivated in sporadically occurring cancers. In their normal state, TSGs control cancer development and progression, as well as contribute to the sensitivity of cancers to a variety of therapeutics. Understanding the classes of TSGs, the biochemical pa- ways they function in, and how they are regulated provides an essential lesson in cancer biology. We cannot hope to advance our current knowledge and to develop new and more effective therapies without understanding the relevant pathways and how they influence the present approaches to therapy. Moreover, it is important to be able to access not only the powerful tools now available to discover these genes, but also their links to cell biology and growth control.

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of a Candidate Prostate Cancer Metastasis suppressor Gene on Human Chromosome 12 written by Erich B. Jaeger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Download or read book Tumor Suppressor Genes written by Wafik S. El-Deiry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become clear that tumors arise from excessive cell proliferation and a c- responding reduction in cell death. Tumors result from the successive accumulation of mutations in key regulatory target genes over time. During the 1980s, a number of oncogenes were characterized, whereas from the 1990s to the present, the emphasis shifted to tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). It has become clear that oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes function in the same pathways, providing positive and ne- tive growth regulatory activities. The signaling pathways controlled by these genes involve virtually every process in cell biology, including nuclear events, cell cycle, cell death, cytoskeletal, cell membrane, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion effects. Tumor suppressor genes are mutated in hereditary cancer syndromes, as well as somatically in nonhereditary cancers. In their normal state, TSGs control cancer development and p- gression, as well as contribute to the sensitivity of cancers to a variety of therapeutics. Understanding the classes of TSGs, the biochemical pathways they function in, and how they are regulated provides an essential lesson in cancer biology. We cannot hope to advance our current knowledge and to develop new and more effective therapies without understanding the relevant pathways and how they influence the present approaches to therapy. Moreover, it is important to be able to access the powerful tools now available to discover these genes, as well as their links to cell biology and growth control.

Download or read book Identification of Two Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes on Chromosome 17p13 3 Assessment of Their Roles in Breast and Ovarian Carcinogenesis written by Andrew K. Godwin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OVCA1 and OVCA2 were first identified by us as candidate tumor suppressor genes, due to the fact that they map to a critical region of frequent allelic loss in breast and ovarian cancer at l7p13.3. Our studies have shown that OVCA1 is mutated in some tumor cell lines, and its protein levels are decreased or lost in nearly 40% of breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas, while OVCA2 appears to be unaffected. Expression of low levels of exogenous OVCA1 results in dramatic growth suppression and decreased levels of cyclin D1. We used a yeast-2-hybrid screen to identify OVCA1-associating proteins. One such protein, RBM8, was identified. Amino acid sequence indicates that RBM8 is a new member of an RNA-binding motif (RBM) family which is highly conserved evolutionarily. RBM8, also know as Y14 has been shown to be a shuttling protein that preferentially associates with spliced mRNA in the nucleus and remains associated with newly exported mRNA in the cytoplasm. Mutational analysis revealed no somatic mutations in ovarian tumor however, our current studies suggest that RBM8 is involved in mRNA export and that its levels may be significantly upregulated in most transformed cells. Overall, our studies indicate that altered expression and/or post-translational modifications of OVCA1 is associated with the development of breast and ovarian tumors and suggest a potentially new mechanism for the inactivation of tumor suppressors in cancer.

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene Delected in Liver Cancer 2 Dlc2 written by Ho-Yin Thomas Leung and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene, Delected in Liver Cancer 2, (DLC2)" by Ho-yin, Thomas, Leung, 梁浩然, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled "Identification and characterization of a novel tumor suppressor gene, deleted in liver cancer 2, (DLC2)" Submitted by Leung Ho Yin, Thomas for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2005 The deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2) gene, located at chromosome 13q12.3, is a recently identified tumor suppressor gene. The DLC2 gene has striking homology to another tumor suppressor gene, DLC1, located at chromosome 8p22-8p21.3. The DLC2 gene is frequently underexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its chromosomal region shows frequent deletion. DLC2 encodes a novel RhoGTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) specific for small RhoGTPases, RhoA and Cdc42. With bioinformatic analysis, we have identified four different isoforms of DLC2, which we named DLC2α, β, γ and δ. Three of the isoforms contain the RhoGAP domain, namely, DLC2α, β and γ. Ectopic expression of these three isoforms in mouse fibroblasts showed cytoplasmic localization. Interestingly, overexpression of these isoforms suppressed the lysophosphatidic acid-induced stress fiber formation in mouse fibroblasts and changed the morphology of the transfected cells from angular and spindle to round. Furthermore, the RhoA pull-down assay demonstrated a remarkable reduction in RhoA activity in the DLC2 transiently transfected cells. In contrast, cells transfected with inactive DLC2 GAP-mutant remained unchanged in cell morphology, actin stress fiber formation, and RhoA activity. HepG2 hepatoma cells stably transfected with the DLC2γ isoform also changed to a round morphology, as in mouse fibroblasts. Significantly, these DLC2γ stable transfectants showed marked suppression in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell motility and transformation, and there was a remarkable reduction in in vivo RhoA activity in these cells. These results suggest that DLC2 exhibits its tumor suppressor functions in vivo as a GTPase activating protein specific for RhoA, exerting its effects in suppression of cytoskeleton reorganization, cell growth, cell migration and transformation. (An abstract of 260 words) DOI: 10.5353/th_b3644505 Subjects: Antioncogenes Liver - Cancer - Genetic aspects

Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer written by William B. Coleman and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the concepts of molecular medicine and personalized medicine. Subsequent chapters cover the topics of genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, as the tools of molecular pathology and foundations of molecular medicine. These chapters are followed by a series of chapters that provide overviews of molecular medicine as applied broadly to neoplastic, genetic, and infectious diseases, as well as a chapter on molecular diagnostics. The volume concludes with a chapter that delves into the promise of molecular medicine in the personalized treatment of patients with complex diseases, along with a discussion of the challenges and obstacles to personalized patient care. The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer, Second Edition, is a valuable resource for oncologists, researchers, and all medical professionals who work with cancer.

Download or read book Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer written by David E. Fisher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-26 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Fisher, MD, PhD, and an authoritative panel of academic, cutting-edge researchers review and summarize the current state of the field. Describing the broad roles of tumor suppressors from a perspective based in molecular biology and genetics, the authors detail the major suppressors and the pathways they regulate, including cell cycle progression, stress responses, apoptosis, and responses to DNA damage. Leading-edge and forward-looking, Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer illuminates what is currently known of tumor suppressor genes and their regulation, work that is already beginning to revolutionize cancer target elucidation, drug discovery, and treatment design.

Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification of BRCA1 and 2 Other Tumor Suppressor Genes on Chromosome 17 Through Positional Cloning written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past year we have made good progress on several aspects of the research outlined in our original proposal. In particular, we have identified the human homologue of the mouse FKBP65 gene and a novel gene with strong protein homology to an uncharacterized gene in C. legans in the region of LOH surrounding plakoglobin, a region which is lost in human breast tumors. We have also begun to establish a physical map in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 17, as art of an approach to cloning the tumor suppressor gene(s) thought to be present there. In the process, by comparing available LOH mapping information with our genetic maps we have identified a preliminary 15-cM target region for the putative tumor suppressor gene(s). In our other focus of investigation, we are characterizing the biological effects of inhibiting the two DLG genes we have identified as located 1Mb telomeric of BRCA1. We have also tested 9 paired samples of breast tumors and corresponding normal tissues for LOH in the region containing the DLG2 and DLG3 loci. As 3 of the tumors in these sets exhibited LOH, we are determining whether either the DLG2 or DLG3 gene is the target by means of sequencing experiments based on templates prepared from RNA isolated from all the tumors showing LOH. In one sample tested for LOH, micro-satellite instability was observed.

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Basic Concepts of Molecular Pathology written by Philip T. Cagle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades there has been an explosion in knowledge about the molecular pathology of human diseases which accelerated with the sequencing of the human genome in 2003. Molecular diagnostics and molecular targeted therapy have contributed to the current concept of personalized patient care that is now routine in many medical centers. As a result, general and subspecialty pathologists, clinical practitioners of all types and radiologists must now have an understanding of the basic concepts of molecular pathology and their role in new diagnostic and therapeutic applications to patient care. The Molecular Pathology Library series was created to bridge the gap between traditional basic science textbooks in molecular biology and traditional medical textbooks for organ-specific diseases. Basic Concepts of Molecular Pathology is designed as a stand-alone book to provide the pathologist, clinician or radiologist with a concise review of the essential terminology, concepts and tools of molecular biology that are applied to the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases in the age of personalized medicine. Those medical practitioners, residents, fellows and students who need to refer to the terminology and concepts of molecular pathology in their patient care will find the Basic Concepts of Molecular Pathology to be a succinct, portable, user-friendly aid in their practice and studies. The service-based physician will find this handy reference to be valuable at the laboratory benchside, at the patient bedside, at multidisciplinary patient care conferences or as a review for examinations.

Download or read book Analysis of a Tumor Suppressor Gene which Maps to the Short Arm of Human Chromosome 9 and Functions in Human Tumor Cells and Mouse Cells written by Bruce Wayne Porterfield and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification of Two Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes on Chromosome L7p13 3 Assessment of Their Roles in Breast and Ovarian Carcinogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OVCA1, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, which maps to a region of frequent allelic loss in breast and ovarian cancer at 1 7p13.3. OVCA1 is mutated in some tumor cell lines, and its protein levels are decreased or lost in nearly 40% of breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas. Expression of low levels of exogenous OVCA1 results in dramatic growth suppression and decreased levels of cyclin Dl. OVCA1 codes for a highly conserved protein with no known function but the C-terminal region of OVCAl interacts with an RNA binding motif protein, named RBM8A. We have recently found that OVCAl exists in at least two forms: a 48 kDa and a 50-kDa protein. 2-D gel western blotting revealed that OVCA1 is extensively modified post-translationally in tumor cells leading to a dramatic shift in p1. These aberrant modifications result in the p50OVCA1 form and loss of immunoreactive p48OVCA1. Studies of the molecular mechanisms regulating OVCA1 expression and localization, and its interaction with RBM8A are continuing. Overall, our studies indicate that altered expression and/or post-translational modifications of OVCAl is associated with the development of breast and ovarian tumors and suggest a potentially new mechanism for the inactivation of tumor suppressors in cancer.