Download or read book MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols written by Rony Seger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are a group of protein kinases that play a central role in the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals. These cascades operate as major lines of communication within a complicated signaling network that regulates many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, development, stress response, and apoptosis. More than 15,000 papers on MAPKs have been published over the past few years, with the number of publications increasing each year. More and more laboratories embark on the study of MAPK cascades in many d- tinct cellular systems and in particular their role in disease. Future challenges in the study of MAPK cascades remain in understa- ing the role of the various components and isoforms of the cascades in the multiple critical functions that they regulate in the whole organism, as well as the diseases caused by their malfunction. Data from gene-disrupted mice s- gest that inhibition of the MAPK cascades may have serious consequences on the development and growth of the animals. For example, targeted deletion of MEK1 is lethal, owing to developmental problems of placental vasculature and abnormal fibroblast migration. This lethality occurs in spite of the normal expression of MEK2, indicating that although the two MEK isoforms are apparently similar, they do have distinct functions, at least during embryog- esis. The ERK cascade was also shown to play a central role in brain function and in learning and memory.
Download or read book Plant MAP Kinases written by George Komis and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-06-07 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are versatile phosphorylating enzymes which regulate multiple proteins involved in gene expression, cell architecture, plant development and reaction to diverse abiotic and biotic factors. The main aim of Plant MAP Kinases: Methods and Protocols is to provide established and new MAPK protocols adapted to the challenges posed by working with plants. The book contains 19 chapters which encompass a wide array of methods progressively scaling from the single gene, protein or cell level to large-scale arrays of proteomic, phosphoproteomic and interactomic data in order to uncover previously unidentified plant MAPK signaling pathways and to tackle with the challenging task of substrate identification. Techniques for MAPK sequence analysis and subcellular localization helping to identify their substrates and subcellular compartmentalization are also provided. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant MAP Kinases: Methods and Protocols represents a collection of useful plant MAPK protocols written by experts in the field for researchers and students.
Download or read book MAP Kinases in Plant Signal Transduction written by Heribert Hirt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-07 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are modules involved in the transduction of extracellular signals to intracellular targets in all eukaryotes. Distinct MAPK pathways are regulated by different extracellular stimuli and are implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. In plants, there is evidence for MAPKs playing a role in the signaling of abiotic stresses, pathogens, plant hormones, and cell cycle cues. The large number and divergence of plant MAPKs indicates that this ancient mechanism of bioinformatics is extensively used in plants and may provide new molecular hands on old questions.
Download or read book MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols written by Rony Seger and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signaling components that govern essentially all cellular processes evoked by any type of stimulation, and it has been well established that the malfunctioning of these cascades leads to various diseases including cancer, autoimmunity, and diabetes. In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols, Second Edition, expert researchers fully update the popular first edition the key techniques used in the study of MAPK signaling cascades in various cellular contexts. This thorough volume explores essential topics such as activation and function of components of the MAPK signaling cascades, the study of MAPK cascades as transmitters of membranal receptor signals, structure-function relationships of MAPKs, studies on the regulation of MAPK cascades, the use of lower organisms, animal models, and human genetics in the study of MAPKs, as well as the study of MAPKs in specific systems and diseases. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters includes introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols, Second Edition aims to facilitate the study of MAPKs and allow for quicker progress in our knowledge of many vital cellular processes as well as devastating diseases.
Download or read book Investigating MAP Kinase Signaling Cascades in Mammalian and Yeast Systems written by Anisa Scott and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mapk Signaling in Human Diseases written by Kaladhar D. S. V. G. K. and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) are activated within the protein kinase cascades called "MAPK cascade." MAPK pathway contains a chain of proteins in the cell, which sends extracellular stimuli such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines, to the DNA in the nucleus. MAPK pathway is the best characterized signal transduction pathway in cell biology, plays a critical role in the infection-induced expression and in cancer. MAP kinase signal transduction system is essential for the rational design of novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches and in pathophysiology studies. The book provides basic idea in modulation of cellular activities such as Apoptosis, Cell Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Cancer, MAPK/ERK Pathway and Anti-Apoptosis. In silico application such as MAPK pathway analysis, molecular studies and docking techniques has been provided in the last chapter.
Download or read book Protein Kinase Protocols written by Alastair D. Reith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As key components of many cell signaling pathways, protein kinases are implicated in a broad variety of diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative conditions, and offer considerable potential as tractable targets for therapeutic intervention. In Protein Kinase Protocols, a panel of highly skilled laboratory investigators describe both basic and more sophisticated methods for the analysis of kinase-mediated signaling cascades, with emphasis on the identification of proteins according to their interactive relationships and the analysis of their functional properties. Described in step-by-step detail, these readily reproducible techniques offer novices quick access to a complicated field, and provide more experienced investigators many novel time-saving ploys. Emphasis is given to the critical technical steps that are often omitted from methods published in the primary literature. There are also tips on potential pitfalls and copious notes on how to adjust the protocols to work in related systems. Broad in its range of techniques and thoroughly detailed to help ensure experimental success, Protein Kinase Protocols offers both novice and experienced investigators powerful tools for understanding the functional roles of specific protein kinases within signaling cascades and for identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets.
Download or read book Transmembrane Signaling Protocols written by Dafna Bar-Sagi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of practical, cutting-edge techniques for the study of cell signaling provides detailed, step-by-step instructions, helpful notes, and troubleshooting tips that make even the most powerful of the newest techniques readily reproducible. The protocols presented include the use of peptide libraries to study transmembrane signaling; the use of single-cell assays to analyze signal transduction pathways; the reconstitution of signaling complexes; methods for analyzing protein-protein interactions, and more. Introductory reviews explain the basic theory and enable researchers new to the area to rapidly gain understanding, as well as command of the practical knowledge and expertise afforded by the protocols. Transmembrane Signaling Protocols makes available to all researchers the many state-of-the-art techniques that have recently led to landmark discoveries in transmembrane signaling.
Download or read book Yeast MAP Kinase Pathways with Overlapping Components Achieve Specificity in Part Via a Scaffold and Docking Sites written by Kandarp Harshadray Shah and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in eukaryotic cells act in multiple pathways that share signaling components. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the budding yeast, is an ideal model to study MAPK signaling specificity because its mating and invasive growth pathways share an entire cascade yet maintain specificity. The cascade contains the MAPK kinase kinase Ste11, MAPK kinase Ste7 and the MAPK Kss1. In addition there is another MAPK Fus3 that acts in mating. It has been proposed that Ste5, the scaffold for MAPK cascade, and Ste7 docking sites for Fus3 and Kss1 may promote specificity. Here the role of Ste7 docking sites in combination with Ste5 scaffolding of Ste7 was analyzed to understand signal transduction in both pathways. Results indicate that the two previously identified docking sites on Ste7 function in signal transduction for both mating and invasive growth. Fus3 can be phosphorylated in the absence of docking sites but requires the sites for full activation. Kss1 is entirely dependent on docking sites for its activation. In contrast, Ste5 scaffolding of Ste7 is required for mating but not for invasive growth. In absence of scaffolding, phosphorylation of Fus3 is reduced dramatically and level of Kss1 activation is reduced moderately. Interestingly, this moderate Kss1 activation by mating pheromone leads to a low-level induction of invasive growth genes but not mating genes, indicating that mating genes have a higher threshold for activation by Kss1. The low-level induction suggests that amount of active Kss1 is important for invasive growth and further indicates that Fus3-mediated negative feedback that controls Kss1 activation is critical in promoting mating specificity. The conclusion from these results is that Ste5 contributes to mating and invasive growth but it is only crucial for mating. The docking sites on Ste7 are crucial for both mating and invasive growth.
Download or read book Stress Activated Protein Kinases written by Francesc Posas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading researchers in the field discuss the state-of-the-art of many aspects of SAPK signaling in various systems from yeast to mammals. These include various chapters on regulatory mechanisms as well as the contribution of the SAPK signaling pathways to processes such as gene expression, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immune responses and tumorigenesis. Written by international experts, the book will appeal to cell biologists and biochemists.
Download or read book Regulation of Non canonical MAP Kinase Signaling written by Gergory Omerza and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are signaling enzymes that control diverse processes in eukaryotic cells including proliferation, differentiation, and development. Many MAPKs are activated through well-studied canonical signaling pathways in which a MAPK kinase phosphorylates a T-X-Y motif in the activation loop of the MAPK. However, MAPKs can also be activated by non-canonical mechanisms. Smk1 is a meiosis-specific MAPK in the yeast S. cerevisiae that controls spore wall morphogenesis. The Smk1 pathway provides a model system to interrogate mechanisms of non-canonical MAPK signaling in the context of a developmental program. Previous genetic studies identified CAK1, AMA1 , IME2 and SSP2 as genes that regulate Smk1. Cak1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase. Ama1 is a meiosis-specific targeting factor of the APC/C E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls exit from meiosis II (MII). Ime2 is a meiosis-specific CDK-like kinase. Ssp2 is a meiosis-specific protein required for spore morphogenesis, whose biochemical function has not previously been described. In this thesis we provide evidence for a novel spatiotemporal regulatory mechanism in which Cak1 phosphorylates Smk1 on its activation-loop T (T207) as the meiotic divisions are taking place. Smk1 autophosphorylates its activation-loop Y (Y209) as Ssp2 binds Smk1 at membranes that surround haploid products (prospore membranes; PSMs) during exit from meiosis II. Ssp2/Smk1 complex formation is regulated through multiple mechanisms, preventing premature MAPK activity. First, although both SMK1 and SSP2 are transcriptionally induced as cells enter meiosis I (MI), SMK1 mRNA is translated almost immediately, while SSP2 mRNA is translationally repressed until Ime2 triggers its derepression at MII. Next, Ssp2 localizes to PSMs, but inhibitory phosphates prevent it from binding Smk1. These phosphates are removed during meiotic exit, as PSMs close around each meiotic product in a step that requires Ama1. Finally, dephosphorylated Ssp2 binds Smk1, inducing RRM-like domains in the C-terminus of Ssp2 bind Smk1. Taken together, this work has defined novel mechanisms for spatiotemporally regulating the smk1 MAPK during meiotic development.
Download or read book Transmembrane Signaling Protocols written by Hydar Ali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The previous edition of Transmembrane Signaling Protocols was published in 1998. Since then the human genome has been completely sequenced and new methods have been developed for the use of microarrays and proteomics to analyze global changes in gene expression and protein profiles. These advances have increased our ability to understand transmembrane signaling processes in much greater detail. They have also simultaneously enhanced our ability to determine the role of a large number of newly identified molecules in signaling events. In addition, novel video microscopy methods have been developed to image transmembrane signaling events in live cells in real time. In view of these major advances, it is time to update the previous edition. Because of the success of that volume, we have chosen to keep the essential character of the book intact. Introductory chapters from experts have been included to provide overall perspective and an overview of recent advances in signal transduction pathways. The individual chapters now include comp- hensive detailed methods, studies in genetically tractable systems, fluorescence microscopy in live single cells, ex vivo analysis of primary cells from tra- genic mice, as well as genomic and proteomic approaches to the analysis of transmembrane signaling events. We would like to express our deep gratitude to the coauthors of this publi- tion. We hope that Transmembrane Signaling Protocols, Second Edition will serve as a valuable resource for future progress in the study of signal transd- tion pathways.
Download or read book Strain Dependent Differences in MAPK Signaling in Yeast written by Taylor Dean Scott and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All cells must respond to extracellular signals in order to exist in a dynamic environment. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), among the most common signaling networks, are found in all eukaryotes and are important for cancer biology, developmental biology, and the response to stress. The MAPK networks in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as budding yeast, are a model system for studying signal transduction through MAPK networks, and particularly the mechanisms by which cells prevent signal from leaking into connected networks. In this thesis I study how the yeast strain background affects signal flow through MAPK networks and explore potential genetic causes of strain-dependent differences. I compare two strain backgrounds, YPH499 and [sigma]1278b (Sigma) side-by-side to determine the extent to which they differ in their response to osmostress and pheromone, which signal through the HOG and mating pathways respectively. I show that Sigma is more osmosensitive than YPH499 despite growing faster in ordinary, non-stress conditions. I further show that despite this increased osmosensitivity, Sigma is better able to respond to simultaneous osmostress and pheromone, showing a faster activation of the mating pathway after the delay caused by osmostress. I also demonstrate that, while the HOG and mating/FG pathways are insulated in YPH499 as has been previously reported, there is significant and transient leakage from the HOG pathway into the mating/FG pathways in the Sigma background, a phenomenon known as crosstalk. I then use a bulk segregant approach to map signaling differences to genetic loci or quantitative trait loci (QTL). I identified QTL for basal pFUS1-eGFP expression and crosstalk and tested genes within these QTL by introducing the allele from one parent into the opposite strain background. MAPK signaling is an important cellular process, and he large number of existing yeast strains provide a resource for exploring how modifications to a signaling network affect pathway output. My results demonstrate that the strain background greatly impacts signaling output, even in closely related laboratory strains, and establishes protocols for assaying signaling traits in closely related strains.
Download or read book G Protein Signaling written by Alan V. Smrcka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alan V. Smrcka presents a collection of cutting-edge methods for investigating G protein signaling from a variety of perspectives ranging from in vitro biochemistry to whole animal studies. Among the readily reproducible techniques presented are those for the purification of G proteins and effectors enzymes, assays of these purified G proteins and effector enzymes, and for the study of G proteins interactions with effectors in intact cells. Additional methods are provided for assaying G protein coupled receptor structure, function, and localization, and for studying the physiological roles for endogenous G proteins.
Download or read book Transforming Growth Factor Beta Protocols written by Philip H. Howe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philip H. Howe and a group of well-versed experimentalists present the first major volume a collection of indispensable classic and cutting-edge TGFß assays. Described in great detail to ensure robust and successful results, these readily reproducible techniques range from the growth inhibition assay for TGFß to methods for monitoring its interactions with the mediating proteins. Extensive notes discuss potential pitfalls and provide tips on how to avoid failures, and throughout, emphasis is given to detailing those technical steps critical for experimental success that are often omitted in the primary literature. Concise and highly practical, Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Protocols provides today's molecular and cell biologists-both expert and novice-with time-tested methods for the identification and analysis of the signal transduction pathways by which TGFß induces and modulates physiological behavior.
Download or read book Proteome Research New Frontiers in Functional Genomics written by Marc R. Wilkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in two-dimensional electrophoresis, protein microanalysis and bioinformatics have made the large-scale, systematic analysis of proteins and their post-translational modifications from any tissue or organism possible. This approach has acquired the name "Proteome Research", and can be considered as the core of functional genomics. The results of proteome analysis show which genes are expressed, how the protein products are modified, and how they interact, making proteome research of fundamental importance for the biologist, clinician, and pharmaceutical industry.
Download or read book Plant Kinases written by Nico Dissmeyer and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modification of target protein properties by reversible phosphorylation events has been found to be one of the most prominent cellular control processes in all organisms. Recent advances in the areas of molecular biology and biochemistry are presenting new possibilities for reaching an unprecedented depth and a proteome-wide understanding of phosphorylation processes in plants as well as in other species. The major goal of Plant Kinases: Methods and Protocols is to provide the experimentalist with a detailed account of the practical steps necessary for successfully carrying out each protocol in his or her own laboratory. Plant protein kinases specifically addressed in this volume are members of the plant MAP kinase cascade, cyclin- and Calcium-dependent protein kinases, and plant sensor and receptor kinases. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Plant Kinases: Methods and Protocols will prove a useful laboratory companion to both novice and seasoned researchers by facilitating the practical work that will lead them to new and exciting insights in this dynamic field.
