Download or read book Manufacturing Output Productivity and Employment Implications written by Lawrence V. Kenton and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book examines in more detail three specific manufacturing sectors: information technology industries, which have been high-growth areas of the economy and internationally competitive; the automotive sector, which has been affected by high levels of import penetration and is divided between the "Big Three" U.S. manufacturers and "transplants"; and, textiles and apparel, which are facing a high level of import competition and have experienced large numbers of job loses." -- Preface.
Download or read book Manufacturing Output Productivity and Employment written by Stephen Cooney and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Markets Employment Policy And Job Creation written by Lewis C. Solmon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clear, accessible volume provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing debate over the determining factors of and key influences on employment growth and labor market training, education, and related policies in the United States. Drawing on the work of distinguished labor economists, the chapters tackle questions posed by job and skill demands in the "new high-tech economy" and explore sources of employment growth; productivity growth and its implications for future employment; government mandates, labor costs, and employment; and labor force demographics, income inequality, and returns to human capital. These topics are central concerns for government, which must judge every prospective policy proposal by its effects on employment growth. Washington keeps at least one eye firmly on the jobs picture, and public officials at every level are constantly aware of the issues surrounding American job security. The jobs issue reaches beyond this focus on the unemployment rate and on total employment, including the rate at which employment is seen as growing, the growth of real wages, the security of employment, returns to human capital, uncertainty about the education and training best suited for a world of rapidly changing economic conditions, and the distribution of the gains from growth across economic classes and population groups.
Download or read book The Future Impact of Automation on Workers written by Wassily Leontief and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1986-01-16 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the computer revolution has created hundreds of thousands of new jobs, it has threatened as many other jobs with obsolescence and has often caused the displacement of workers by computer-based machines. Here, Nobel Prize-winning economist Wassily Leontief and Faye Duchin use the input-output approach, a method that has been widely applied in examining structural economic change, to analyze the complex issues surrounding the impact of computer-driven automation on employment. Following a general discussion of the impact of automation on employment, they focus on four specific sectors within the economy--manufacturing, office work, education, and health care. The input-output approach makes it possible to draw conclusions regarding both overall employment and the prospects for individual occupations. Taking account of the increased need for workers in the production of computer-based equipment, the authors conclude that by the year 2000 automation will not cause dramatic unemployment if the economy is able to achieve a smooth transition from the old to new technologies.
Download or read book Deindustrialization written by Mr.Ramana Ramaswamy and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-04-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All advanced economies have experienced a secular decline in the share of manufacturing employment—a phenomenon referred to as deindustrialization. This paper argues that, contrary to popular perceptions, deindustrialization is not a negative phenomenon, but is the natural consequence of the industrial dynamism in an already developed economy, and that North-South trade has had very little to do with deindustrialization. The paper also discusses the implications of deindustrialization for the growth prospects and the nature of labor market arrangements in the advanced economies.
Download or read book Occupational Shifts in Manufacturing Employment written by Murray S. Wernick and published by . This book was released on 1958* with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Job Creation in the Manufacturing Revival written by Marc Levinson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-07 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovation and Employment written by Charles Edquist and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an important addition to what can be broadly referred to as the national systems of innovation (NSI) approach. The particular contribution of the book is in the examination of the employment effects of innovation, something only indirectly considered hitherto. . . It is a thorough integration of existing knowledge on the key employment implications of innovation. . . Rachel Parker, Labour and Industry This is a highly readable, non-technical book . . . a highly clear and well-argued book that should be useful for policymakers and higher education alike. It brings together much of the most recent and useful literature in the area of innovation, employment and related public policy. It is an opportune addition to the existing documentation on the subject. Journal of Economics / Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie Which kinds of growth lead to increased employment and which do not? This is one of the questions that this important volume attempts to answer. The book explores the complex relationships between innovation, growth and employment that are vital for both research into, and policy for, the creation of jobs. Politicians claiming that more rapid growth would remedy unemployment do not usually specify what kind of growth is meant. Is it, for example, economic (GDP) or productivity growth? Growing concern over jobless growth requires both policymakers and researchers to make such distinctions, and to clarify their employment implications. The authors initially address their theoretical approach to, and conceptualization of, innovation and employment, where the distinction between process and product innovations and between high-tech and low-tech goods and services are central. They go on to address the relationship between innovation and employment, using empirical material to analyse the effects that different kinds of innovations have upon job creation and destruction. Finally, the volume summarizes the findings and addresses conclusions as well as policy implications. This book will be of great interest to those involved in research and policy in the fields of macroeconomics (economic growth and employment), industrial economics and innovation.
Download or read book The Service Productivity and Quality Challenge written by P.T. Harker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3 While all of these explanations seem to have merit, there is one dominant reason why the percentage of GDP and employment dedicated to services has continued to increase: low productivity. According to Baumol's cost disease hypothesis (Baumol, Blackman, and Wolff 1991), the growth in services is actually an illusion. The fact is that service-sector productivity is improving slower than that of manufacturing and thus, it seems as if we are consuming more services in nominal terms. However, in real terms, we are consuming slightly less services. That is, the increase in the service sector is caused by low productivity relative to manufacturing. The implication of Baumol's cost disease is the following. Assuming historical productivity increases for manufacturing, agriCUlture, education and health care, Baumol (1992) shows that the U. S. can triple its output in all sectors within 50 years. However, due to the higher productivity level for manufacturing and agriculture, it will take substantially more employment in services to achieve this increase in output. To put this argument in perspective, simply roll back the clock 100 years or so and replace the words manufacturing with agriculture, and services with manufacturing. The phenomenal growth in agricultural productivity versus manufacturing caused the employment levels in agriculture in the U. S. to decrease rapidly while producing a truly unbelievable amount of food. It is the low productivity of services that is the real culprit in its growth of GDP and employment share.
Download or read book Manufacturing Industry Productivity Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The New Service Economy written by Jonathan Gershuny and published by Pinter Publishers. This book was released on 1983 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of social changes and innovations in the direction of postindustrial society, with particular reference to the growth of service sector employment - examines changes in industrial structure, occupational structure, labour productivity and input output coefficients; assesses the impact of computerization, microelectronics and telecommunications; discusses redundancy, occupational change, public expenditure trends, and implications for research and development in Western Europe. Bibliography.
Download or read book Productivity or Employment written by Ms.Andrea De Michelis and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, shocks to total factor productivity (TFP) are considered exogenous and the employment response depends on their effect on aggregate demand. We raise the possibility that in response to labor supply shocks firms adjust efficiency, rendering TFP endogenous to firms’ production decisions. We present robust cross-country evidence of a strong negative correlation between growth in TFP and labor inputs over the medium to long run. In addition, when using instruments to capture changes in hours worked that are independent of TFP shocks, we find that cross-country increases in labor input cause reductions in TFP growth. These results have important policy implications, including that low productivity growth in some countries may partly be a side effect of strong labor market performance. By the same token, countries facing a declining workforce, say, because of aging, may see accelerating TFP as firms find better ways of employing workers.
Download or read book Response of Labor Productivity and Employment to Changes in Overtime Hours in US Manufacturing from 1982 to 2004 written by Lonnie Golden and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intensity of use of overtime hours has risen markedly since the early 1990s. Recent research suggests that there has been a structural break in manufacturing productivity beginning in the 1990s in the US. This paper investigates how a given increase or decrease in hours - measured here as average weekly hours of overtime work - affects the subsequent adjustment of output, productivity and employment in the manufacturing sector. Impulse responses are constructed using parameter estimates obtained from vector auto regression (VAR) models consisting of hours, employment, output and wages in the manufacturing industries over the period 1982-2004. The period is subdivided into two periods, prior to and after a structural break identified in 1995. Impulse responses are used to contrast the relative size of productivity, output and employment adjustments to a given shock in average weekly overtime hours. Findings indicate that in recent years, a given increase in overtime hours suppresses average labor productivity for a more sustained period of months than it had in the past, at least for the non-durables sector of manufacturing. In addition, increases in overtime hours lead to somewhat smaller increases in employment than observed prior to 1995, somewhat in non-durables manufacturing but more so in durables, where evidence of a jobless recovery is more apparent. Thus, the more jobless the recovery the smaller is the negative impact on labor productivity. Implications are derived for future research regarding the jobless recovery, the pro-cyclicality and secular trend of productivity and the long-term escalation of average weekly overtime hours.
Download or read book Productivity Improvement in Manufacturing SMEs written by Thomas Thinandavha Munyai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the application of workstudy in productivity of manufacturing SMEs locally and abroad and also explores various industrial problems which face manufacturing SMEs in developing and underdeveloped countries in the rest of the world. Low productivity is currently a serious challenge facing manufacturing SMEs, where these SMEs are operating below expected production output levels which makes it difficult for them to compete in the global market. SMEs are the engine drivers of economic growth, one of which is manufacturing. The challenge is that government from various countries in developing and underdeveloped countries, mandated agencies in their respective areas, to ensure that there is economic progress for these SMEs, but productivity remains low in the manufacturing SMEs. When SMEs do not perform well, productivity of manufacturing SMEs declines and unemployment increases. Thus, an increase in unemployment results in a drop of GDP in the country and can become a global and economic crisis. This book describes a process which enables the reader to use effective knowledge that addresses problems facing the productivity of manufacturing SMEs such as work study tools and case studies and provides solutions and applications to improve the running of the manufacturing SMEs in growing their productivity.
Download or read book The New Normal written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total factor productivity growth was stagnant or slowing in many advanced countries even prior to the crisis. This paper documents sector-level productivity patterns across advanced economies prior to the crisis and examines the role of product and labor market rigidities as well as innovation and investments in information technology and human capital in driving productivity differences across sectors and countries. Since productivity payoffs of reforms evolve over time, we also focus on large changes in the structural indicators examine their dynamic impact on productivity, employment, and output. Our results suggest that reform priorities depend on country-specific settings, including the scale of specific policy distortions and the distance from the technology frontier. Productivity gains from reforms are large and materialize predominantly in the medium term, with some important variations across industries and countries.
Download or read book Lagging Productivity Growth written by Shlomo Maital and published by Cambridge, MA : Ballinger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1980 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison of the decline of industrial growth and productivity in Canada and the USA - analyzes industrial structures, economic structures and underlying trends (incl. Statistical tables from nine OECD countries), factors such as research and development spending, energy prices and woman worker participation, with a literature survey of management effects on organizational behaviour and Motivation, and advocates changes in productivity policy with private sector support. Bibliography pp. 275 to 294 and diagrams.
Download or read book Labor and the Globalization of Production written by W. Milberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-11-19 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the work of international economist, labour economists and sociologists in a far-reaching study of global production networks and the challenges they pose for developing country workers. A number of both empirical and theoretical questions are addressed and answers are provided by drawing on a variety of examples - from China to Mexico to South Africa to Eastern Europe. The studies show that globalized production creates a new set of challenges to economic development for entrepreneurs, workers, governments and international organizations.
