Download or read book Manufacturing and Mechanical Characterization of Low cost Isotropic Pitch based Carbon Fiber written by Viren Jayantibhai Patel and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to manufacture and mechanically characterize low-cost carbon fiber derived from pitch-based precursor that meets or exceeds the general-purpose carbon fiber. For this study, isotropic coal-tar pitch precursor was used due to its ease in manufacturing carbon fiber and low-cost starting material. Various analyses such as elemental composition, softening point, TGA, FT-IR, NMR, single carbon fiber testing, and SEM were performed to fully characterize the precursor and carbon fiber. Using melt spinning method, the precursor was melt spun at 235 °C, a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a winding speed of 400 rpm to achieve continuous small diameter fibers known as spun/green fibers. The winding speed of the drum collector and the spinneret diameter controlled the overall diameter of the carbon fibers. The green fibers then underwent the thermal treatment processes of stabilization and carbonization. The green fibers were oxidized at 300 °C with a heating rate of 0.25 °C/min in air. Later, they were carbonized at 1100 °C with a heating rate of 1 °C/min in an inert environment. Experimentally it was determined that smaller diameter carbon fibers were easy to fully oxidize with a smaller heating rate. This also resulted in higher mechanical properties due to less defects in their structures. The isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber manufactured in this study have the maximum tensile strength and elastic modulus of 927 MPa and 86 GPa, respectively.
Download or read book Carbon Fiber Production from Pitch Cost Analysis Carbon Fiber E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Carbon Fiber production from pitch. The process starts with a preparation step that converts the pitch into mesophase pitch. The mesophase pitch is then stabilized and passes through carbonization, graphitization, surface treatment and sizing, before being winded. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Fibers, 5. Synthetic Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition; (2) US Patent 4999099, issued to Conoco in 2011; (3) Chung, D.D.L., Carbon Fiber Composites, 1994 Keywords: Carbon Fiber, Petroleum Pitch, Coal Tar Pitch, Mesophase Pitch
Download or read book Characterization of Commercial Carbon Fiber from Standard PAN Precursors and Low cost Carbon Fiber from Textile PAN Based Precursors written by Joshua David Crabtree and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is tremendous need to integrate carbon fiber composites for light-weighting in the transportation sector, especially for automotive composites and in energy generation space associated with wind turbine manufacturing. Tensile properties of carbon fibers are fundamental to designing fiber reinforced polymers and carbon/carbon composites. Carbon fiber suppliers typically follow general guidelines prescribed in the relevant standards (ASTM D4018) to prepare resin reinforced carbon fiber tows for determining the tensile properties. In this study, the effect of manufacturing process associated with carbon fiber tows was evaluated using two methods involving manual tensioned strands or using automated spool method. Important effects associated with fiber spacing, cross-sectional morphology of the infused tows are reported in this study. Single fiber mechanical properties are determined to obtain relationship from multiple length scales and the role of interfacial behavior between the carbon fiber and resin system using single fiber fragmentation. These results, for the first time, revealed important relationships between single fiber, interface, and infused tow based mechanical properties. A new concept for deformation response of infused tows, limit stress, demonstrated a connection in the nonlinearity nature of tensile modulus seen for carbon fibers in single fiber state and in tow format. Limit stress showed good representation of the relative role of relationships (interfacial behavior, crack propagation, and stress transfer) from limit stress to failure stress. Three low-cost precursors, oxidized PAN, and carbon fiber, from the Carbon Fiber Technology Facility with differences in spin finish and/or tenacity are studied in detail through various stages of oxidative stabilization and carbonization to develop improved understanding of the precursor properties and final textile PAN based carbon fiber properties. A systematic approach consisting of DSC, TGA, FT-IR, XRD, single fiber testing, and infused tow testing were considered in evaluating the process-structure-tensile property relationship for the three precursors. The results identified the role of spin finish and tenacity on the performance of low-cost carbon fiber. This part of the research provides an important conclusion that the carbon fiber manufacturing process using textile PAN precursors is industrially robust and is not strongly dependent on precursor tenacity or surface finish.
Download or read book Carbon Fibers written by Jean-Baptiste Donnet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-19 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Third Edition offers the latest information on the structural, surface, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and magnetic properties of carbon fibers as well as their manufacture and industrial applications from many of the world's most distinguished specialists in the field. "
Download or read book Carbon Fiber Production from PAN Cost Analysis Carbon Fiber E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Carbon Fiber production from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber. In this process, PAN fiber is first stabilized. The stabilized PAN passes then through carbonization, surface treatment and sizing, before being winded. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Fibers, 5. Synthetic Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) US Patent 8137810, issued to Toray in 2012; Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile, carbon fiber, acrylic fiber, PAN
Download or read book Carbon Reinforcements and Carbon Carbon Composites written by E. Fitzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced composite materials have been a major research focus for the past forty years. As a reinforcement for conventional materials including glass, ceramics and polymers, carbon has proved to be the most successful. Carbon gives these materials flexibility so that they may be produced in bulk form with a wide variety of properties. Whereas carbon/carbon composites are the most effective materials in extreme temperature conditions. Application ranges from brakes to missile nose cones. Carbon Reinforcements and Carbon/Carbon Composites gives the present state on this subject in comprehensive form, as well as projections for other "High Tech" materials and their application.
Download or read book Carbon Fiber written by Vincent Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an account of the manufacturing processes for PAN, pitch and carbonized viscose rayon carbon fibres. This book includes a section on carbon fiber testing and characterization, followed by a section on textile conversion of carbon fibers and techniques for mixing carbon fiber and composite substrates.
Download or read book Carbon Carbon Composites written by E. Savage and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon composites form a very specialized group of materials. They may be considered as a development of the family of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites which are becoming ever more prevalent in modern engineering. Since the early 1960s a large number of so-called 'advanced materials' have appeared on the scene. Carbon~arbon is arguably the most successful of all these products finding many and varied applications. In the field of Formula 1 motor racing for example, the present levels of performance simply could not be achieved without the use of carbon-carbon brakes and clutches. Despite the materials' obvious assets, they have not, and will not, reach their full potential until their inherent problems of excessive production costs and oxidation resistance have been addressed properly. In this respect the 'carbon-carbon story', of much potential but only limited success, serves as a lesson to all those involved in materials research, development and application. In writing this book I have tried to set up a logical progression of what the materials are, how they are made, what their assets and deficiencies are, what they are used for and to what extent they are commercially exploited. Each specialized chapter may be considered in isolation or as part of a sequence, whereas the final chapter provides a summary of the principal concepts as well as a basic review of the economic situation past, present and, hopefully, future.
Download or read book Carbon Fiber Composites written by Deborah D.L. Chung and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1994-09-23 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides introductory information on carbon fiber composites, including polymer-matrix, metal matrix, carbon-matrix, ceramic-matrix, and hybrid composites. Places emphasis on materials rather than mechanics.
Download or read book High Performance and Specialty Fibers written by Japan The Society of Fiber Science and Techno and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the key technologies and characteristics of the modern man-made specialty fibers mainly developed in Japan. Since the production of many low-cost man-made fibers shifted to China and other Asian countries, Japanese companies have focused on production of high-quality, high-performance super fibers as well as highly functionalized fibers so-called ‘Shin-gosen’. ZylonTM and DyneemaTM manufactured by Toyobo, TechnoraTM produced by Teijin, and VectranTM developed by Kuraray are those examples of super fibers. Carbon fibers ToraycaTM from Toray have occupied the most advanced high-performance application area. Various types of polyester fibers having design-shaped cross-sections and special fiber morphologies and those showing specific physico-chemical properties have also been developed to acquire a high-value textile market of the world. This book describes how these high-tech fibers have been developed and what aspects are the most important in each fiber based on its structure-property relationship. Famous specialists both in industry and academia are responsible for the contents, explaining the design concepts and the special technologies for the production of these special fibers. For university teachers and students, this volume is an excellent textbook that elucidates the basic concepts of modern fibers. At the same time, researchers, both in academia and industry, will find a comprehensive overview of recent man-made fibers. This publication, presenting the most easily understandable general survey of specialty man-made fibers to date, is dedicated to the 70th-anniversary of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Japan.
Download or read book Carbon Fiber written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Fiber, Second Edition, brings together available information on the production, properties, application and future of carbon fibers. This book will be of interest to those involved in the investigation of carbon fiber, carbon fiber manufacturing, and users. In addition, the recycling of carbon fiber reinforced polymers and the manufacturing of composites from recycled carbon fiber reinforced polymers are discussed. The book offers in-depth coverage on the production of carbon fiber and the global carbon fiber market, demand and major growth drivers. Carbon structures from biowaste, waste lignin and novel processes to obtain high purity lignin are presented, along with future directions. Provides thorough and in-depth coverage of carbon fiber production Presents the global carbon fiber market, demand and major growth drivers Covers carbon structures from biowaste and waste lignin Discusses novel process to obtain high purity lignin Includes discussions of future directions for the carbon fiber industry
Download or read book Metal Matrix Composites A Modern Approach to Manufacturing written by Virat Khanna, Prianka Sharma, Santosh Kumar and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of metal matrix composite manufacturing, including fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and manufacturing applications. 10 chapters cover fundamental and applied topics on matrix metal composites. The book is a resource for all readers seeking to gain an in-depth understanding of metal matrix composites with its relevance to the modern industry. Key Features - Includes fully referenced contributions by experts in materials science - Provides an introduction to the subject, and a future prospective for a broad range of readers - Reviews current knowledge on fabrication techniques and structure property relationships of metal matrix composites - Includes dedicated chapters for reinforced composites (carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, aluminium) - Includes guidance on material wear and tear and - Provides an investigation for process optimization for EDM for newly developed composites It is designed to be an essential resource for students and professionals in the field of materials science and engineering, as well as researchers and engineers working on metal matrix composite in manufacturing industries.
Download or read book NASA Reference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pitch Based Short Carbon Fiber written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short carbon fiber manufactured from coal tar pitch by Osaka Gas Co. is examined by chemical composition analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscope, and electron spectroscopic techniques. The present analytical results are compared with the data obtainable from other sources. Owing to the low cost of the short fiber, it is recommended that the fiber could be used for a wide variety of reinforcement applications such as, cement/concrete mixtures, polymer composites, and high temperature materials. Processing includes the mechanical separation of mesophase microbeads of three to 30 micron diameters from crude coal tar during three heat treatment stages. The mesophases obtained are then subjected to solvent extraction, hydrogenation, and polymerization to yield isotropic and anisotropic pitches suitable for melt spinning. The short fiber is fabricated from isotropic pitch by the rotary gas jet method, and the process yields a higher quality fiber as compared to other melt spinning methods. The most important feature is that this process is highly cost effective.
Download or read book Production and Optimization of Continuous Roving like UTSI Pitch based Carbon Fiber Composites written by Matthew Patrick Duran and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UTSI has developed a new low-cost jet-dry-spin method for the production of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers. The objective of this preliminary study is to optimize the production of the UTSI carbon fiber composites and to better understand the surface texture between the fiber and matrix material. Several fabrication techniques were studied with varied preparation conditions to determine the effects on apparent density, electrical resistivity, tensile and flexural properties. Various polymeric resins and hardeners were used to demonstrate the versatility of the application of UTSI carbon fibers. During these investigations various analysis techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction, and optical microscope aided in the determination of the structural characteristics of the fiber and its composite. It was found that vacuum bagging resin infusion is the optimal fabrication process due to its ability to minimize porosity and increase fiber volume/content. The use of extra slow hardener allowed excellent control over the wetting, degassing, and cure time. Increasing applied pressure during the fabrication of the composites increases the fiber content/volume leading to improvements in mechanical properties, apparent density and electrical conductivity. However, excessive pressure causes difficult diffusion of the resin and the crash of carbon fibers which decrease the above properties. A preliminary work also shows that low cost phenolic resin composites and converted C/C composites can be easily prepared using UTSI CF. Fiber surface oxidative treatments with ozone and HNO3 solution were performed for comparison and optimization. Single-fiber fragmentation tests including single-fiber tensile/diameter testing revealed improvements in interfacial shear strength between oxidized carbon fiber (CF) and epoxy resin. Ozone treatment proved to be optimal, increasing flexure strength two-fold with respect to composites fabricated using as received CF.
Download or read book Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites written by Jackie D Rehkopf and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2011-11-29 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of new materials that are technically and economically viable is no small endeavor. The risks, costs, and time involved in research are usually so high that only governments or private consortia can bear them. And so it has been with the trajectory of carbon fiber reinforced composites, which are capable of providing the lightweighting needed for fuel efficiency, and the mechanical strength required for safety. After a long development cycle, this material is now being widely used by the military, in commercial aircraft, and in the automotive industry. Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites: From Evolution to Implementation, written by Dr. Jackie Rehkopf, senior researcher at Plasan Carbon Composites, gives a high-level summary on carbon reinforced fiber composites specific to the automotive industry in today’s market and its vision for the next 5 to 10 years. It begins with a comprehensive and easy-to-read overview of how composites started to be investigated as a possible alternative to metals, mostly driven by military demands, going on to cover: Fiber and resin types for automotive applications Composite constructions Manufacturing processes Machining and joining Reclaiming and recycling of these materials, among other topics. The title approaches the future with the realistic optimism of those who work with the challenges of creating new solutions to problems that will stay with us for some time to come: the need to conserve energy and make transportation ever more affordable without the loss of safety. Carbon fiber reinforced composites have demonstrated real value in positively addressing these issues. Automotive Carbon Fiber Composites: From Evolution to Implementation is an excellent guide for those involved in technical material strategy and research, as well as those who need to understand the basics of this subject to support better business decisions.
Download or read book Carbon Carbon Materials and Composites written by John D. Buckley and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major areas of carbon-carbon materials and composites are described in this comprehensive volume. It presents data and technology on the materials and structures developed for the production of carbon-carbon materials and composites. The text is composed of papers by 13 noted authors in their areas of expertise relating to the processes and production of these material systems and structures. The subject matter in the book is arranged to lead the reader through materials processing, fabrication, structural analysis, and applications of typical carbon-carbon products. The information provided includes: fiber technology, matrix material, design of composite structures, manufacturing techniques, engineering mechanics, protective coatings, and structural applications using carbon-carbon materials and composites.
