Download or read book Mansa Musa Pilgrim of the desert King of Timbuktu written by Miguel Guerrero Antequera and published by Editorial Almuzara. This book was released on with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Emperor of Mali, along with ten thousand of his subjects and camels, travels through the Saharan Desert while making his pilgrimage to Mecca, Hajj, spending money without any limit and turning the city of Timbuktu into the cultural and religious capital of Western Africa. A perfectly well documented novel about the mesmerizing life of Mansa Musa, Emperor of Mali in the fourteenth century, 1312-1337, and his reign, whose Empire, located in Western Africa, extended through the territory that is occupied today by Southern Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Southern Algeria, Northern Nigeria and Chad. This is the story of the man who managed to rule over the totality of the production and trade of gold, salt and slaves from the jungle of Western Africa to the Mediterranean.
Download or read book Mansa Musa written by Miguel Guerrero Antequera and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mansa Musa written by Barbara Krasner and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Mali to Cairo to Mecca and beyond, Mansa Musa was known as the Lion of Mali. Now remembered as the richest person in history, his enormous wealth, legendary generosity, and lavish pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca made him a favorite of medieval Arab storytellers. However, the 14th-century leader also presided over one of the largest empires in the world during his time. This informative biography traces Mansa Musa’s life, following his magnificent caravan as he traversed what remained of the Silk Road routes to become a hajji and returned to transform Timbuktu into western Africa’s most famous cultural center.
Download or read book Mansa Musa and Timbuktu written by Charles River Editors and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes contemporary accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "From the far reaches of the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River, the faithful approached the city of Mecca. All had the same objective to worship together at the most sacred shrine of Islam, the Kaaba in Mecca. One such traveler was Mansa Musa, Sultan of Mali in Western Africa. Mansa Musa had prepared carefully for the long journey he and his attendants would take. He was determined to travel not only for his own religious fulfillment but also for recruiting teachers and leaders so that his realms could learn more of the Prophet's teachings." - Mahmud Kati, Chronicle of the Seeker Recent research has revealed that the richest person of all time lived in the 14th century in West Africa and went by many names, including Kankan Musa Keita, Emir of Melle, Lord of the Mines of Wangara, Conqueror of Ghanata and the Lion of Mali II, but today he is usually referred to as Mansa Musa. Adjusting his wealth to modern values, he was worth about an estimated $400 billion as the Sultan of ancient Mali, which controlled the trade routes across the Sahara Desert. About 6,000 years ago, the ancient Sahara was a tropical jungle with lush grasslands and substantial rivers until it moved north of the Equator as a result of tectonic plate movements. The seismic activity changed the location of land and the composition of the atmosphere. The African Humid Period seems to have ended relatively quickly, taking a couple of thousand years before being replaced by a much drier climate, and this started a process of desertification that forced many animals and human inhabitants to the outer edges of the immense desert. There would have been passages through the area that vanished as the harsh climate inexorably clawed at the mountains and hills, turning them into the sand that obliterated all traces of their ever having been there. By about 600 BCE, the terrain and habitat had become much less hospitable, so much so that it was no longer possible to use horses and oxen to carry commodities. As a result, trading became difficult and sporadic and slowly disappeared. This all changed when camels were introduced to the Sahara, initially via Roman invaders and then with the Berber traders from Arabia moving across North Africa in search of gold and salt. As they reached the southern Sahel, they encountered the old established trading system and routes of the Garamantes, the people who handled the trade in and out of the Sahara from West Africa. The combination of the use of camels with the already re-established West African trade routes brought about rapid economic progress that resulted in the area supplying more than half the world's gold for more than 1,000 years, beginning around 400 CE. Of course, this timing coincided with the rise of global trade routes such as the Silk Road and the beginning of Europe's Age of Discovery. By the 12th century, it was believed that far to the east, beyond the lands controlled by the Muslim armies, lived a powerful Christian king named Prester John in the land of India. While he was a king, he was also a priest ("Prester" means Priest and was supposedly the only title he took). His kingdom was believed to be grand and contained many wonders. Marco Polo looked for Prester John, and the Crusaders wanted to reach out to Prester John. Portugal's Henry the Navigator sent his ships out with explicit instructions of what they should do if they met Prester John, and on his historic voyages, Columbus carried two books, The Travels of Marco Polo and The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, both of which have long passages on Prester John. The belief in the existence of fabled African kingdoms and kings ensured that real African kings were also shrouded in lore, and few would become as legendary as Mansa Musa.
Download or read book Caravans of Gold Fragments in Time written by Kathleen Bickford Berzock and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issued in conjunction with the exhibition Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time, held January 26, 2019-July 21, 2019, Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
Download or read book Mansa Musa and Timbuktu written by World Changing History and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you want to learn the Fascinating Life of Mansa Musa and Timbuktu then keep reading....Free History BONUS Inside! On the West coast of Africa there once, the Mali Empire in its Golden Age was once bigger than the entirety of Western Europe put together, made possible by the efforts of one man Mansa Musa the Sultan of Mali. He was the richest man to have ever lived, worth 400 Billion Dollars in todays terms, his gold mines supplied the British Empire, and the rest of the European Empires for eight-hundred years, despite the dry desolate enviorment of Mali he founded the greastest center of learning in all of the world Timbuktu. His great holy pilgrimage to Mecca was the greatest the world had ever seen, 60,000 pilgrims joined him as he traveled causing inflation of the local currencies of the lands he went through, from all the gold he had spent. This book will cover Mansa Musas life from Beginning to End in clear and concise way that will make for easy reading even for those not experts in history . In Mansa Musa and Timbuktu a Fascinating History from Beginning to End you will discover topics such as History of Mali And Mali Empire Mansa Musa the Great Sultan Trade In Mansa Musas Enormous Empire The Greastest Hajj In History Timbuktu the Learning Center of World Present Day Mali The Legend and Legacy of Mansa Musa And Much Much More! Click "Buy Now" to Read Right Now about this Fascinating man that made History!
Download or read book The History of Mali written by Gladys G. Buck and published by Milliken Publishing Company. This book was released on 2004-09-01 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This packet covers the mighty African kingdom of Mali--rich in culture and tradition--that sprang up along the continent's west coast. Through strength and ingenuity, it overcame tremendous odds in adapting to the often harsh African climate and environment. Special emphasis is given to the rich tradition of African arts in the form of music, dance, and sculpture as well as to the prominence of religion and the importance of the family as principal organizing features of African society.
Download or read book Mansa Musa and the Empire of Mali written by P. James Oliver and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book introduces the medieval empire of Mali...and soon narrows its focus to the compelling life story of the emperor Mansa Musa, who rules Mali in the early 1300s...This enjoyable work smoothly blends historical text with memorable anecdotes...photos and sketches...and well-drawn maps." --P. [4] of cover.
Download or read book Empires of Medieval West Africa written by David C. Conrad and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores empires of medieval west Africa.
Download or read book Mansa Musa I written by Jean-Louis Roy and published by Mosaic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mansa Musa I - Kankan Moussa: from Niani to Mecca vividly recounts, in an intense and almost cinematic manner, the unique story of the young West African ruler Mansa Musa I, the King of Mali, who ruled over a massive territory from 1312 - 1337. Mansa Musa's territory of rule stretched across two thousand miles, spanning the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad. Under his rule, his state prospered and it is estimated that he was the wealthiest man in the world. In 1324-1325, he undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca with a massive retinue of twelve thousand men. The voyage, at that time was without precedent - crossing the deserts of the Sahara all the way to Arabia, a distance of some four thousand kilometres. His intent was to bring the very best of the Arabic world, scholars, government bureaucrats, architects, educators, commercial know how, poets, artisans to his massive kingdom. Effectively, he was to transform his kingdom to become a leading force in the world at that time. He succeeded, indeed, and his pilgrimage brought his Malian kingdom to the attention of Europe. For the next two centuries, Italian, German and Spanish cartographers produced new maps of the world showing the vital routes which connected Africa to Arabia.
Download or read book The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana Mali and Songhay written by Patricia McKissack and published by Square Fish. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a thousand years, from A.D. 500 to 1700, the medieval kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay grew rich on the gold, salt, and slave trade that stretched across Africa. Scraping away hundreds of years of ignorance, prejudice, and mythology, award-winnnig authors Patricia and Fredrick McKissack reveal the glory of these forgotten empires while inviting us to share in the inspiring process of historical recovery that is taking place today.
Download or read book Mansa Musa written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you're familiar with Mansa Musa you might expect the headline to read, 'Mansa Musa - the wealthiest person that ever lived.' But in reality, he was more than just a rich person. Every source or article would either emphasize the subject of Mansa Musa and his wealth, or his famous pilgrimage to Mecca. Even though his Hajj expedition was fascinating due to the numerous events that occurred during the journey, there are many more interesting stories about his life. This book is about how he took over the throne, how his rule influenced the economy of the Mali Empire, and how his empire accumulated more wealth after his return. The book also covers the grandeur of cities like Timbuktu and Djenne that were converted into cultural and educational centers. Mansa Musa was a generous king who contributed a lot of his wealth and efforts towards the development of the Empire of Mali. He brought a lot of people with him to build universities, schools, and mosques to spread educational values and make Timbuktu a learning center. He also played an important part in spreading the religion of Islam. If you're intrigued about his life tales and his impact on West Africa and the world, this book is the right source for you.
Download or read book The Travels of Ibn Bat ta written by Ibn Batuta and published by . This book was released on 1829 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translated from the abridged Arabic manuscript copies preserved in the Public Library of Cambridge, with notes illustrative of the history, geography, botany, antiquities, &c. occurring throughout the work. By the Rev. S. Lee.
Download or read book African Dominion written by Michael Gomez and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a radically new account of the importance of early Africa in global history, Gomez traces how Islam's growth in West Africa, along with intensifying commerce that included slaves, resulted in a series of political experiments unique to the region, culminating in the rise of empire.
Download or read book Mansa Musa I written by Jean-Louis Roy and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a very important and remarkable book. It recounts vividly, in an intense and almost cinematic manner, an unique story of which only some elements are known with certainty. From 1312 to 1337, a young African ruler, the King of Mali ruled over a massive territory, stretching across two thousand miles, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad. His state prospered and it is estimated that he was the wealthiest man in the world, even by today's standards. In 1324-1325, he undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca with a mas-sive retinue of twelve thousand men. The voyage, at that time, was without precedent--crossing the deserts of the Sahara all the way to Arabia, a distance of some four thousand kilo-metres. His intent was to bring the very best of the Arabic world, scholars, government bureaucrats, architects, educators, commercial knowhow, poets, artisans to his massive kingdom. Effectively, he was to transform his kingdom so as to become a leading force in the world at that time. He succeeded, indeed, and his pilgrimage brought his Malian kingdom to the attention of Europe. For the next two centuries, Italian, German and Spanish cartographers produced new maps of the world showing the vital routes which connected Africa to Arabia. Jean-Louis Roy recreates this astonishing voyage. It is an ambitious but genuine travelogue and details for us the available knowledge of the world at that time, both sacred and profane. Through this narrative, the author fills in a large void in our understanding of the history of Africa and the Arab world in the fourteenth century."--
Download or read book A Fistful of Shells written by Toby Green and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the time the “Scramble for Africa” among European colonial powers began in the late nineteenth century, Africa had already been globally connected for centuries. Its gold had fueled the economies of Europe and the Islamic world for nearly a millennium, and the sophisticated kingdoms spanning its west coast had traded with Europeans since the fifteenth century. Until at least 1650, this was a trade of equals, using a variety of currencies—most importantly, cowrie shells imported from the Maldives and nzimbu shells imported from Brazil. But, as the slave trade grew, African kingdoms began to lose prominence in the growing global economy. We have been living with the effects of this shift ever since. With A Fistful of Shells, Toby Green transforms our view of West and West-Central Africa by reconstructing the world of these kingdoms, which revolved around trade, diplomacy, complex religious beliefs, and the production of art. Green shows how the slave trade led to economic disparities that caused African kingdoms to lose relative political and economic power. The concentration of money in the hands of Atlantic elites in and outside these kingdoms brought about a revolutionary nineteenth century in Africa, parallel to the upheavals then taking place in Europe and America. Yet political fragmentation following the fall of African aristocracies produced radically different results as European colonization took hold. Drawing not just on written histories, but on archival research in nine countries, art, oral history, archaeology, and letters, Green lays bare the transformations that have shaped world politics and the global economy since the fifteenth century and paints a new and masterful portrait of West Africa, past and present.
Download or read book A History of the Western Sahara Conflict written by Michael Baers and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-10-10 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conflict in Western Sahara has endured for nearly half a century, yet remains little known on the world stage. Drawing on multiple sources, this book presents an expansive history of both the conflict and the region, encompassing the history of the early Moroccan empires, the successive migrations of Arab nomads across the Sahara, the age of European exploration and colonialism, and the postcolonial period, when the conflict erupted out of a complex set of forces that include longstanding regional tensions, North Africa’s colonial legacy, the instability of post-independence Morocco, and diplomatic intrigues on the part of Western powers during the Cold War period. While it does not address the history of the conflict following the UN-mandated ceasefire of 1991, the book provides an overview for readers interested in both the conflict itself and the history of African nationalism in the post-war period.
