Download or read book Manipulating Parameters Of Reinforcement to Reduce Problem Behavior Without Extinction written by Soraya Shanun Kunnavatana and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has demonstrated that function-based interventions are most effective for addressing problem behavior. However, many function-based interventions, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), rely on extinction procedures. Extinction is not feasible in all cases and can be counter-therapeutic if implemented without optimal treatment integrity. Researchers have successfully implemented DRA without extinction when various parameters of reinforcement (rate, quality, magnitude, immediacy) have been manipulated to favor alternative behavior; that is, participants engaged in higher rates of alternative behavior when reinforcement was delivered contingent on both alternative and problem behavior, but the alternative response produced better reinforcement in terms of rate, quality, magnitude, or immediacy. Parameter sensitivity, however, has been found to be idiosyncratic and therefore warrants individual assessment. Previous researchers have assessed individual sensitivities to parameters of reinforcement in the context of problem behavior; however, this resulted in problem behavior occurring during assessment, which could be problematic given severe problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to use arbitrary responses to assess individual sensitivities to quality, magnitude, and immediacy of reinforcement maintaining problem behavior and use the results to implement an intervention for problem behavior without extinction. The results indicate that arbitrary responses may be used to identify individual sensitivities to parameters of reinforcement that maintains problem behavior. Additionally, interventions were more effective when parameters for which participants were most sensitive were manipulated than when parameters for which participants were least sensitive were manipulated.
Download or read book Manipulating Dimensions of Reinforcement to Reduce Rates of Escape maintained Problem Behavior written by Sandra Beatriz Castellon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although clinically acceptable behavior reduction is typically achieved with a treatment package consisting of extinction and differential reinforcement, extinction may not be feasible to implement in all cases. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which rates of escape-maintained problem behavior can be reduced by manipulating dimensions of the reinforcement for the alternative response while maintaining reinforcement for the target (i.e., problem) behavior. The study extended previous research by comparing the effects of manipulating quality and magnitude of reinforcement. Results indicated that problem behavior occurred at lowest rates and more tasks were completed when task completion resulted in a 30 s break with a high-quality item or activity. During schedule thinning, quality was also able to maintain longer than the magnitude manipulation when both treatments were equally effective during the treatment comparison.
Download or read book The Matching Law written by Richard J. Herrnstein and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This impressive collection features Richard Herrnstein's most important and original contributions to the social and behavioral sciences--his papers on choice behavior in animals and humans and on his discovery and elucidation of a general principle of choice called the matching law. In recent years, the most popular theory of choice behavior has been rational choice theory. Developed and elaborated by economists over the past hundred years, it claims that individuals make choices in such a way as to maximize their well-being or utility under whatever constraints they face; that is, people make the best of their situations. Rational choice theory holds undisputed sway in economics, and has become an important explanatory framework in political science, sociology, and psychology. Nevertheless, its empirical support is thin. The matching law is perhaps the most important competing explanatory account of choice behavior. It views choice not as a single event or an internal process of the organism but as a rate of observable events over time. It states that instead of maximizing utility, the organism allocates its behavior over various activities in exact proportion to the value derived from each activity. It differs subtly but significantly from rational choice theory in its predictions of how people exert self-control, for example, how they decide whether to forgo immediate pleasures for larger but delayed rewards. It provides, through the primrose path hypothesis, a powerful explanation of alcohol and narcotic addiction. It can also be used to explain biological phenomena, such as genetic selection and foraging behavior, as well as economic decision making.
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis Interventions for Autism written by Justin B. Leaf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-06 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook addresses evidence-based practices in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It provides an overview of the history of evidence-based practices and their importance as applied to the law, school settings, and factors that influence the use for treatment of ASD. Additional areas of coverage include evidence-based and non-evidence-based ABA interventions for autism as well as decision-making ethics related to these treatments. In addition, the book addresses cultural considerations as they relate to these treatments and examines procedural aspects of ABA interventions for autism. Key ABA treatments addressed include: Discrete trial teaching. Pivotal response training. Video modeling. Parent-mediated intervention. Early Start Denver Model, PEAK, PECS, and AAC. Script fading/activity schedules and differential reinforcement/extinction. Response interruption and redirection. Self-management and self-monitoring. The Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis Interventions for Autism is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and other professionals across such interrelated disciplines as clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, rehabilitation medicine/therapy, pediatrics, and special education.
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 1306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of applied behavioral analysis (ABA). It examines the history and training methods of ABA as well as related ethical and legal issues. The book discusses various aspects of reinforcement, including social reinforcers, tangible reinforcers, automatic reinforcement, thinning reinforcers, and behavioral momentum. It addresses basic training strategies, such as prompts and fadings, stimulus fading, and stimulus pairing and provides insights into auditory/visual discrimination, instructional feedback, generalization, error correction procedures, and response interruption. In addition, the book addresses the use of ABA in education and explores compliance training, on-task behavior, teaching play and social skills, listening and academic skills, technology, remembering and cognitions, picture-based instruction, foreign language instruction, teaching verbal behavior, public speaking, and vocational skills. In addition, the book covers treatments for tics, trichotillomania, stereotypies, self-injurious behavior, aggression, and toe walking. It also addresses ABA for special populations, including individuals with autism, ADHD, substance abuse, and intellectual disabilities. Featured areas of coverage include: Basic assessment methods, such as observing behavior, treatment integrity, social validation, evaluating physical activity, measuring sleep disturbances, preference assessment, and establishing criteria for skill mastery. Functional assessment, including how to quantify outcomes and evaluate results, behaviors that precede and are linked to target behaviors, and treatments. Treatment methods, such as token economies, discrete trial instruction, protective equipment, group-based and parent training as well as staff training and self-control procedures. Health issues, including dental and self-care, life skills, mealtime and feeding, telehealth, smoking reduction and cessation, and safety training. Leisure and social skills, such as cellphone use, gambling, teaching music, sports and physical fitness. The Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis is a must-have reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and other professionals in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, behavioral therapy and rehabilitation, special education, developmental psychology, pediatrics, nursing, and all interrelated disciplines.
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis for Children with Autism written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook examines the latest advancements in applied behavior analysis (ABA) as the preferred method of treatment for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It synthesizes the most current research data and trends with best-practice interventions to form a comprehensive, state-of-the-art resource. The handbook reviews ABA research and practices in depth and identifies the interventions most relevant to children across the autism spectrum. Key areas of coverage include: Foundations of applied behavior analysis. ABA treatments for disorders comorbid with autism spectrum disorder. Functional assessment for children with autism. Operational definitions as well as observing and recording data for children with autism. The relationship of measures of psychopathology and applied behavior analysis. Transitioning across tasks for children with autism, including toe walking, feeding problems, and self-help issues. Anxiety, depression, and ADHD in children with autism. The Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis for Children with Autism is an essential reference for researchers, clinicians and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and other practitioners across such interrelated disciplines as clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, rehabilitation medicine/therapy, pediatrics, and special education.
Download or read book Handbook of Dual Diagnosis written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook addresses behavior problems and mental health disorders in persons with intellectual disabilities. It provides an overview of the history of dual diagnosis and related theories, ethics, diagnostic systems, mental health disorders, and challenging behaviors. The handbook examines general clinical issues, such as the effects of cognitive performance on the choice of assessment and treatment methods, service delivery systems, education models, risk factors, functional assessment, and structured interviews. Chapters provide a much-needed reference for practitioners and practitioners in training. The applied focus of the book continues with assessment/diagnosis sections of mental health disorders, and challenging behaviors. In addition, chapters describe treatments for discrete mental health and behavior problems, such as intellectual disabilities, severe psychopathology, autism, ADHD, substance abuse, and aggression. Topics featured in this handbook include: Genetic disorders and dual diagnosis. Assessment of anxiety in persons with dual diagnosis. Aging with intellectual disabilities. Feeding problems and assessment in individuals with dual diagnosis. Pica in individuals with intellectual disability. Treatment of social skills in dual diagnosis. The Handbook of Dual Diagnosis is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, clinicians and related therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, pediatrics, and special education.
Download or read book Reducing Off task Behavior Using Noncontingent Reinforcement Without Extinction written by Jessica Riley and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management written by Christopher P. Neck and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management, Third Edition introduces students to the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions of management with an emphasis on how managers can cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset. The text includes 34 cases profiling a wide range of companies including Lululemon, Nintendo, Netflix, Trader Joe’s, and the NBA. Authors Christopher P. Neck, Jeffrey D. Houghton, and Emma L. Murray use a variety of examples, applications, and insights from real-world managers to help students develop the knowledge, mindset, and skills they need to succeed in today’s fast-paced, dynamic workplace. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package.
Download or read book Disseminating Behavioral Research written by Annette K. Griffith and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-09 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissemination is a key component of the research process. While several fields have developed resources dedicated to training and supporting their scientists and practitioners as they are encouraged to disseminate within their fields and to the larger public audience, there has been a lack of formal guidance for dissemination within the behavioral sciences. Disseminating Behavioral Science aims to fill that gap, providing guidance across modalities for topics ranging from the peer-review process to conference presentation to nontraditional avenues for dissemination. The contents of this edited text, divided across six sections, serves as a roadmap for students, junior researchers, and senior scholars. The first section includes types of academic scholarship, types of dissemination, and strategies to ensure ethical dissemination. The second reviews traditional publication preparation, including tips for the writing process and key components to include in each section of a scientific manuscript. Section Three explores publication within a traditional peer reviewed journal. Section Four outlines additional strategies to get research publicly recognized through conference presentations, social media and popular media sources, and white and grey literature. Sections Five and Six offer a consolidated glossary of all key terms in the text and combined reference list.
Download or read book Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors and Mental Health Disorders written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Second Edition updates and expands on the original editorial content and coverage, including new chapters on definitions and rationale, a general overview, research on mental health disorders, report writing, the role of treatment planning, and treatment associated with mental health disorders. The Second Edition builds on the knowledge base by providing the most current information on all aspects of each topic. This unique volume addresses basic questions in salient detail, from types and rates of challenging behaviors to populations that warrant functional assessment. In addition, it examines typical assessment techniques, including interview, scaling, experimental, and in vivo methods. The use of functional assessment in treatment planning – and in combination with other interventions – is covered in depth. Given the vulnerable populations and challenging behaviors (e.g., individuals with autism, intellectual disabilities, mental health issues), the book provides detailed coverage of informed consent as well as legal and ethical issues. Key areas of coverage include: The history of behavior analysis and functional assessment. The nature, prevalence, and characteristics of challenging behaviors. Interview and observation methods in functional assessment and analysis. Experimental functional analysis for challenging behaviors. Treatment methods commonly used with functional assessment. Using functional assessment in treatment planning. Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors, Second Edition, is an essential updated resource for researchers, clinicians and other practitioners, and graduate students in clinical child and school psychology, pediatric psychiatry and medicine, social work, rehabilitation, developmental psychology as well as other interrelated disciplines.
Download or read book Organizational Behavior written by Christopher P. Neck and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does organizational behavior matter—isn’t it just common sense? Organizational Behavior: A Skill-Building Approach helps students answer this question by providing insight into OB concepts and processes through an interactive skill-building approach. Translating the latest research into practical applications, authors Christopher P. Neck, Jeffery D. Houghton, and Emma L. Murray unpack how managers can develop essential skills to unleash the potential of their employees. The text examines how individual characteristics, group dynamics, and organizational factors affect performance, motivation, and job satisfaction, providing students with a holistic understanding of OB. Packed with critical thinking opportunities, experiential exercises, and self-assessments, the new Second Edition provides students with a fun, hands-on introduction to the fascinating world of OB. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package.
Download or read book Schedules of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.
Download or read book Effective Teaching written by Mark Wolery and published by Pearson. This book was released on 1988 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concurrent Reinforcement Schedules for Problem Behavior and Appropriate Behavior Experimental Applications of the Matching Law written by Carrie S. W. Borrero and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine if children who exhibit problem behavior would allocate responding in direct proportion to experimentally arranged reinforcement rates. Relative reinforcer rates were manipulated to evaluate changes in relative response rate on concurrent variable-interval (VI) schedules, and results were interpreted using two iterations of the matching equation: the strict (simple) matching equation (Herrnstein, 1961) and the generalized matching equation (Baum, 1974a). Three individuals diagnosed with developmental disabilities, who engaged in severe problem behavior, participated. In Experiment 1, functional analyses were conducted to determine the reinforcers for problem behavior. Results showed that problem behavior was sensitive to social positive reinforcement in the form of access to tangible items and social negative reinforcement in the form of escape from instructional demands for one participant, social positive reinforcement in the form of access to tangible items for another, and social positive reinforcement in the form of attention and social negative reinforcement in the form of escape from instructional demands for the third participant. In Experiment 2, concurrent schedules of reinforcement were in place for both problem and appropriate behavior. Results showed that the relative rates of responding approximated the relative rates of reinforcement. In addition, interventions for problem behavior were evaluated, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and extinction (EXT) procedures were implemented to increase the rate of appropriate behavior and decrease the rate of problem behavior.
Download or read book Explaining Unintended Consequences of Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior Procedures Using Behavioral Momentum Theory written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral momentum theory is a model that aids in the explanation of why behaviors that undergo popular intervention procedures, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), have been found to increase in persistence and become more resistant to change, even with a reduction in frequency. The present study utilized a multiple concurrent schedule with a boy with autism who was non-verbal to increase his usage of an augmentative communication device to appropriately request for attention. Using the device was reinforced both in a context associated with reinforcement for inappropriate requests as well as in a separate context in which the inappropriate requests had never been reinforced. Then during an extinction test, discriminative stimuli from the novel context was combined with the discriminative stimuli in the target behavior context. Strengthening a response in a separate context using DRA resulted in less resistance to extinction than DRA that was implemented in a context associated with reinforcement of target behavior.
Download or read book Behavior Analysis written by Henry S. Roane and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2024-01-10 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive volume to bridge the gap between the science of behavior and applied behavior analysis (ABA). The book demonstrates how laboratory research informs real-world interventions to facilitate behavior change, and vice versa. Most of the chapters are written by researcher–clinician collaborators, who highlight commonalities and differences in the ways they conceptualize behavior and collect, analyze, and use data. Chapters present translational perspectives on conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, choice, verbal behavior, and more. Ethical considerations in translational research are explored. Training in foundational knowledge is a key requirement for behavior analyst certification, making this a needed resource for current and future ABA practitioners.
