Download or read book Management of Radioactive Waste Arising from Nuclear Fuel Cycle Activities written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Management of Radioactive Waste written by Uranium Institute and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing the Nation s Commercial High level Radioactive Waste written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management Second Edition written by James Saling and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-11-07 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reviews sources of radioactive waste and introduces radioactive decay and radiation shielding calculations. It covers technical and regulatory aspects of waste management with discussion questions at the end of each chapter to provide an opportunity to explore the many facets of waste management issues. An extensive reference list at the end of each chapter retains the references from the first edition of the book and incorporates references used in preparing this revised text, giving readers an opportunity to look at historical records as well as current information.
Download or read book Nuclear Waste Conditioning written by France. Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) and published by Le Moniteur Editions. This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selection of Technical Solutions for the Management of Radioactive Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this publication are to identify and critically review the criteria to be considered while selecting waste management technologies; summarize, evaluate, rank and compare the different technical solutions; and offer a systematic approach for selecting the best matching solution. This publication covers the management of radioactive waste from all nuclear operations, including waste generated from research reactors, power reactors, and nuclear fuel cycle activities including high level waste (HLW) arising from reprocessing and spent nuclear fuel declared as waste (SFW), as well as low level waste (LLW) and intermediate level waste (ILW) arising from the production and use of radionuclides in industry, agriculture, medicine, education and research.
Download or read book International Low Level Waste Disposal Practices and Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safe management of nuclear waste arising from nuclear activities is an issue of great importance for the protection of human health and the environment now and in the future. The primary goal of this report is to identify the current situation and practices being utilized across the globe to manage and store low and intermediate level radioactive waste. The countries included in this report were selected based on their nuclear power capabilities and involvement in the nuclear fuel cycle. This report highlights the nuclear waste management laws and regulations, current disposal practices, and future plans for facilities of the selected international nuclear countries. For each country presented, background information and the history of nuclear facilities are also summarized to frame the country's nuclear activities and set stage for the management practices employed. The production of nuclear energy, including all the steps in the nuclear fuel cycle, results in the generation of radioactive waste. However, radioactive waste may also be generated by other activities such as medical, laboratory, research institution, or industrial use of radioisotopes and sealed radiation sources, defense and weapons programs, and processing (mostly large scale) of mineral ores or other materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides. Radioactive waste also arises from intervention activities, which are necessary after accidents or to remediate areas affected by past practices. The radioactive waste generated arises in a wide range of physical, chemical, and radiological forms. It may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Levels of activity concentration can vary from extremely high, such as levels associated with spent fuel and residues from fuel reprocessing, to very low, for instance those associated with radioisotope applications. Equally broad is the spectrum of half-lives of the radionuclides contained in the waste. These differences result in an equally wide variety of options for the management of radioactive waste. There is a variety of alternatives for processing waste and for short term or long term storage prior to disposal. Likewise, there are various alternatives currently in use across the globe for the safe disposal of waste, ranging from near surface to geological disposal, depending on the specific classification of the waste. At present, there appears to be a clear and unequivocal understanding that each country is ethically and legally responsible for its own wastes, in accordance with the provisions of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. Therefore the default position is that all nuclear wastes will be disposed of in each of the 40 or so countries concerned with nuclear power generation or part of the fuel cycle. To illustrate the global distribution of radioactive waste now and in the near future, Table 1 provides the regional breakdown, based on the UN classification of the world in regions illustrated in Figure 1, of nuclear power reactors in operation and under construction worldwide. In summary, 31 countries operate 433 plants, with a total capacity of more than 365 gigawatts of electrical energy (GW[e]). A further 65 units, totaling nearly 63 GW(e), are under construction across 15 of these nations. In addition, 65 countries are expressing new interest in, considering, or actively planning for nuclear power to help address growing energy demands to fuel economic growth and development, climate change concerns, and volatile fossil fuel prices. Of these 65 new countries, 21 are in Asia and the Pacific region, 21 are from the Africa region, 12 are in Europe (mostly Eastern Europe), and 11 in Central and South America. However, 31 of these 65 are not currently planning to build reactors, and 17 of those 31 have grids of less than 5 GW, which is said to be too small to accommodate most of the reactor designs available. For the remaining 34 countries actively planning reactors, as of September 2010: 14 indicate a strong intention to precede with introduction of nuclear power; 7 are preparing but haven't made a final decision, 10 have made a decision and are preparing infrastructure, 2 have ordered a new nuclear power plant, and 1 has a plant under construction. In all countries interested in pursuing nuclear power, it is necessary for the governments to create an environment for investment and advancement of nuclear power, including development of a professional and independent regulatory framework and regime, knowledge and refinement of skills in nuclear safety and control, definition of policies on nuclear waste management and decommissioning, and participation in international non-proliferation measures. Specifically related to radioactive waste management, nuclear facilities and industries that utilize radioactive material work to well-established safety standards for the management of their waste.
Download or read book Management of Radioactive Wastes from Nuclear Power Plants written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by Bernan Press(PA). This book was released on 1985 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of Radioactive Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Download or read book Decommissioning of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Safety Guide sets out recommendations relating to the decommissioning of nuclear fuel cycle facilities. The guidance provided is derived from the basic principles for radioactive waste management set out in the Safety Requirements publication, Safety Standards Series No. WS-R-2, Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste, Including Decommissioning (2000), and in Safety Series No. 111-F, The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management: A Safety Fundamental (1995).
Download or read book Managing Commercial High level Radioactive Waste written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Download or read book Managing the Nation s Commercial High level Radioactive Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
