Download or read book Male Female Earnings Differences in Self Employment written by Greg Hundley and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to investigate reasons for the gender earnings gap among the self-employed. Compared to organizational employment, self-employment may allow workers freer adjustment of work effort in response to changing needs for market work income and household production. Consistent with that hypothesis, the analysis shows that self-employed women's earnings declined with marriage, family size, and hours of housework, whereas self-employed men's earnings increased with marriage and family size. Organizationally employed workers' earnings exhibited a similar but less pronounced pattern, suggesting that in the self-employment sector the structure of female/male relative earnings was more sensitive to family size and composition. Self-employed women and men specialized more intensively in housework and market work, respectively. Women apparently tended to choose self-employment to facilitate household production, and men to achieve higher earnings.
Download or read book Women s earnings work patterns partially explain difference between men s and women s earnings written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earnings Differences Between Women and Men written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characteristics of Self employed Females Versus Other Workers in the United States written by Theresa J. Devine and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Professionals Carpenters and Childcare Workers written by Michelle Jean Budig and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Differences in Earnings Among Young Adults Entering the Labor Market written by Suzanne B. Clery and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Determinants of Women s and Men s Self employment in the United States 1980 written by Deborah S. Carr and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship written by Maria Minniti and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship is a human universal. All over the world, and throughout history, people have created businesses. Yet, although women make up more than 50 percent of the world population, they own and manage significantly fewer businesses than men. Venture types and management styles vary across genders as well. Women entrepreneurship presents several distinctive characteristics that differentiate it from men entrepreneurship. But variations exist also across women entrepreneurs in various countries, and between women who are involved in entrepreneurship and those who are not. Overall, the explanation for the behavior of women entrepreneurs and its distinctiveness is complex and multifaceted. Evidence to date suggests that reasons contributing to explaining these differences include demographic and socio-economic variables, subjective perceptions, and cultural factors and institutions, and that such differences have significant implications at the macro-economic level. Studying female entrepreneurship allows researchers to ask questions that shed light on the linkages between entrepreneurship and wealth creation, employment choices and cognition, human capital accumulation and labor market structure, employment choice and family dynamics, business creation and peace, and many others. From a scientific point of view, the study of female entrepreneurship as a distinct area of inquiry informs us not only about women behavior, but also about entrepreneurial and human behaviors in general. All over the world, female entrepreneurship has become an important component of academic and policy conversations around entrepreneurship. Still, there is much we don't yet understand. Taking stock of what has been learned so far, identifying the main gaps, and encourage scholars to push the frontier of knowledge in this area further are the goals of this work.
Download or read book Gender differences in earnings among young adults entering the labor market written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Career Or Flexible Work Arrangements written by Dominik Buttler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine supply-side determinants of transition from the wage and salary sector to self-employment of women and men living Poland. The empirical analysis is made possible due to a unique and under explored longitudinal survey - Social Diagnosis - that contains rare indicators such as job preferences and work events. The empirical results in the 2007-2015 period indicate that women and men transitioning into self-employment are differently motivated. In terms of job attributes, women find independence at work and for those in professional occupations a job matching their competences as a desirable job attribute, while for men the lack of stress, a good salary and independence is key. The analysis of work events and its influence on self-employment weakly confirms the glass-ceiling hypothesis. In line with other research, our analysis indicates that financial constraints strongly determine the entry into self-employment. A key human capital determinant is past entrepreneurial experience indicating a slow, cautious transition process into self-employment.
Download or read book Exploring the Characteristics of Self employment and Part time Work Among Women written by Roberta M. Spalter-Roth and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Self employed in the United States written by Joseph Dexter Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Differences written by Fengbin Chang and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-employment is reemerging in modern society. Many scholars attribute this trend to globalization, flexible employment, and the rise of female labor force participation. However, such observations tend to be constrained by oversimplification and insufficient micro level data. Although women's share of total self-employment significantly increased during the last decades of twentieth century in many post-industrial economies, one of the unanswered questions is whether the mechanism of becoming self-employed differs between women and men and thus results in different outcomes. This study uses event history analysis to examine the effects of individual and structural factors in determining an individual's opportunities for entering into and exiting from self-employment. The author shows that labor market flexibility has a significant impact on people's career choices. In addition, this study also compares earnings and job satisfaction between self-employed and wage workers. The book is addressed to professtionals and policy makers in developing countries. It is also directed towards researchers in stratification, labor market, comparative study, and globalization.
Download or read book Opting Out written by Pamela Stone and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-05-04 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noting a phenomenon that might seem to recall a previous era, The New York Times Magazine recently portrayed women who leave their careers in order to become full-time mothers as "opting out." But, are high-achieving professional women really choosing to abandon their careers in order to return home? This provocative study is the first to tackle this issue from the perspective of the women themselves. Based on a series of candid, in-depth interviews with women who returned home after working as doctors, lawyers, bankers, scientists, and other professions, Pamela Stone explores the role that their husbands, children, and coworkers play in their decision; how women’s efforts to construct new lives and new identities unfold once they are home; and where their aspirations and plans for the future lie. What we learn—contrary to many media perceptions—is that these high-flying women are not opting out but are instead being pushed out of the workplace. Drawing on their experiences, Stone outlines concrete ideas for redesigning workplaces to make it easier for women—and men—to attain their goal of living rewarding lives that combine both families and careers.
Download or read book The Missing Entrepreneurs 2017 written by Collectif and published by OECD. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Missing Entrepreneurs 2017 is the fourth edition in a series of publications that examine how public policies at national, regional and local levels can support job creation, economic growth and social inclusion by overcoming obstacles to business start-ups and self-employment by people from disadvantaged or under-represented groups in entrepreneurship. It shows that there is substantial potential to combat unemployment and increase labour market participation by facilitating business creation in populations such as women, youth, the unemployed, and migrants. However, the specific problems they face need to be recognised and addressed with effective and efficient policy measures. This edition contains in-depth policy discussion chapters on the quality of self-employment, including new forms of self-employment such as dependent and false self-employment, and the potential of self-employment as an adjustment mechanism in major firm restructuring and job shedding. Each thematic chapter discusses current policy issues and challenges, and makes recommendations for policy makers. A data section provides a range of information on self-employment and business creation rates, barriers and key characteristics of businesses operated by social group. Finally, country profiles highlight recent trends in inclusive entrepreneurship, key policy challenges and recent policy actions in each of the 28 EU Member States.
Download or read book Self employment written by Robert Louis Aronson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a scholarly study of trends in self-employment, mainly in the United States, since World War II. Aronson finds that self-employment fell till the mid-1970s but is now rising and currently accounts for about 9 percent of the labor force, and for 20 percent when combined with sole proprietors. Women account for about 28 percent of the self-employed, up from 14 percent in 1965. He examines these trends from a labor market perspective. ISBN 0-87546-175-1: $26.00.
Download or read book Women Owned Businesses written by Oliver Hagan and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1989-07-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most books on women entrepreneurs are either popular accounts of successful business women who started their own firms, or how-to books on the process of starting a business written for the woman reader. This current study brings together scholars with extensive experience in the entrepreneurship literature who also work with women starting new business ventures. The contributors here follow the entrepreneurial process--from concept development, through expansion, growth, and transitions to an established business. Among the topics covered are: networking among women entrepreneurs, business growth, financing, the role of the trustees, and changing the direction of a business's operations. A valuable appendix lists sources of advisory and financial assistance to the woman entrepreneur. The topics covered are the issues that any business faces, but the authors bring into perspective the woman entrepreneur and some of the unique problems she faces as the owner and operator of her business. The book begins with a description of the paths that lead women in the workplace to businesses of their own. This includes a summary of current research on women entrepreneurs as well as studies of the problems related to balancing family and business, developing the business plan, and managing the business now and in the future. This is followed by a focus on the creative process and how it relates to developing a viable business concept. The contributors examine the issues surrounding the financing of entrepreneurially-driven companies owned and operated by women. They further discuss the methods by which women in business can expand their management capabilities; the practical use of a working board of directors, and the importance of networking. Finally, the book explores the succession process in relation to entrepreneurs, their organizations, and successors. A closing summary looks at those issues yet to be resolved but likely to affect women-owned businesses in the future.
