Download or read book Magnetically Modified Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Methyl Orange Dye written by Nurul Diyana Zainal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book To Produce the Activated Carbon from Matured Palm Kernel Shell written by Zarifah Nadiah Mohamad Salleh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this experiment were to prepare the activated carbon from matured palm kernel shell as a raw material by carbonization and the studied which optimum variables such as temperature, concentration of phosphoric acid and cooling down time are suitable. Activated carbon is a form of carbon that has been processed to make extremely porous and have very large surface area for adsorption and chemical reactions. The matured palm kernel shell is carbonized in a glass furnace at elevation temperature after soaked with H3PO4 acid and cooled down the carbonized activated carbon. Methyl orange are used as an indicator to test the carbonized raw material whether it is activated carbon or common charcoal. The real activated carbon would change the orange solution to a clear solution and the solution of different color is analyzed by using FTIR to check the functional group of methyl orange. The result showed that 1000oC is the optimum temperature to carbonize the raw material and the use of 0.35M 3PO acid with the cooling down time at 30 minutes would give the best adsorption of activated carbon after filtration. From the data obtained by FTIR, the 0.35M H43PO acid has showed that the peak functional group of methyl orange is reduced from first filtration till last filtration. It is recommend that the raw material not to be crushed small than 0.2 mm, because it will effect the adsorption and filtration rate. As a conclusion, The activated carbon has been produced from matured palm kernel shell using glass furnace and The optimum effect of variables have been determined by observation and analysis of FTIR, it is at 100004 C of temperature, by impregnated in 0.35M of Phosphoric acid and cool the activated carbon down in 30 minutes are found to be the optimum variables in producing the activated carbon.
Download or read book Adsorption of Basic and Acid Dyes Using Palm Kernel Shell based Activated Carbon written by Jumasiah Arsyad and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of batch laboratory studies were conducted in order to investigate the practicability of palm kernel shell (PKS)-based activated carbon for removal of basic dye, Basic Blue 9 (BB 9) and acid dye, Acid Orange 52 (AO 52) from their aqueous solutions. Three different particle sizes of PKS were used and categorized as PKS - S, PKS - M and PKS - L. The adsorption capacities of the PKS-based activated carbons were compared with those of commercial grade coal-based activated carbons at the same conditions. All batch experiments were carried out at a constant temperature of 28oC (±2oC) using incubator shaker that operated at 150 rpm. Batch equilibrium study shows that Adsorption of BB 9 and AO 52 were highly pH dependent. Removal of BB 9 increased with pH with maximum removal observed at pH 7.0, and decreased thereafter with further increase in the initial pH. However, pH effect on AO 52 removal shows that AO 52 removal decreased with an increase in initial pH with the optimum initial was observed at 3.5. batch equilibrium data also a had good agreement with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models with correlation coefficients > 0.9. Overall, the Redlich-Peterson isotherm showed the best fit for all adsorbents under investigation in terms of correlation coefficient as well as error analysis of the results. For all the systems in this study, the analysis of isotherm shape factor showed that adsorption was favorable. For the adsorbents under investigation, PKS-S has the highest adsorption capacity followed by PKS-M. PKS-L and commercial coal based pellet form have almost equally-balanced adsorption capacity. Of all the adsorbents, commercial coal-based in powder form exhibits the lowest adsorption capacity. Obtained results revealed that PKS based activated carbon is a highly potential alternative adsorbent for treatment of dye-containing wastewater. The maximum capacity of the adsorbents for BB 9 were 333.33 mg/g, 322.58 mg/g and 212.77 mg/g for PKS - S, PKS - M and PKS - L, respectively, while for powder and pellet commercial grade coal based, the capacities were 204.08 mg/g and 217.39 mg/g, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum capacities of the same adsorbents for AO 52 were 344.83 mg/g, 333.33 mg/g, 263.16 mg/g, 238.09 mg/g and 322.58 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption capacities of the same adsorbents were found to be higher for adsorption of AO 52 compared to those of BB 9 due to the smaller molecular size of the former. Batch kinetic studies were also performed to investigate the rate limiting of the adsorption process. Results obtained revealed that the adsorption of both BB 9 and AO 52 was rapid at the beginning, but approached equilibrium slowly. Experimental data can be modeled using pseudo-second-order kinetic model as first order kinetic model does not represent the whole range of adsorption process. Other than that, intraparticle diffusion was found to be prominent at a certain stage of adsorption but it would not be the only limiting step that controlled the adsorption dynamic. Kinetic data also showed that the adsorption rates were a function of initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent particle size and adsorbent mass. For all systems under consideration, the values of k2 increased significantly as adsorbent dose increases. Nevertheless, the values of k2 were inversely proportional to the initial adsorbate concentration and adsorbent particle size. On the other hand, values of kp were found to be directly proportional to the initial adsorbate concentration but decreased gradually as adsorbent particle size and adsorbent dose increases.
Download or read book Isotherm and Kinetics of Reactive Dye Adsorption on Palm Kernel Shell based Activated Carbon written by Mohsen Nourouzi Mobarekeh and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equilibrium and Adsorption Enthalpy of Basic Blue 66 Dye on Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon written by Heng Yew Chin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coconut Shell Charcoal Adsorption to Remove Methyl Orange in Aqueous Solutions written by Miguel Manuel Manuel P√©rez Hern√°ndez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated charcoal was prepared and characterized from residues of coconut peel (CACC) to remove by adsorption the Methyl Orange (AM) dye in aqueous solution. The charcoal was activated with phosphoric acid. The morphology and structure of the pores of the carbon obtained were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and a surface analyzer. The adsorption data were evaluated by the BET, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, finding the Langmuir type I model. The surface area of the activated carbon was 526 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.234¬†cm3/g and an average pore diameter of 1.78¬†nm, according to BET, which indicates the presence of micropores. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of the AM dye in CACC is a spontaneous process at room temperature and that physisorption and chemisorption are probably involved. The adsorption tests were followed by UV,Äìvisible spectrophotometry. The effects of the adsorbate concentration (AM) and the heat treatment (450,Äì500¬∞C) with an air atmosphere were investigated, keeping constant the stirring time and the H3PO4/sample weight ratio. The results obtained indicate that the activated carbon obtained could be used as an alternative low-cost adsorbent in the removal of AM from effluents in aqueous solution.
Download or read book Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Polyethyleneimine Modified Palm Shell Activated Carbon written by Chun Yang Yin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell by Using Carbon Dioxide Activation for Dichlorodifluoromethane CCI2F2 Adsorption written by Farah Hanim Md. Isa and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials Structure and Chemistry written by Vijay Kumar Thakur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-30 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry. The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials. Volume 1 is solely focused on the Structure and Chemistry of renewable materials. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: carbon fibers from sustainable resources; polylactic acid composites and composite foams based on natural fibres; composites materials from other than cellulosic resources; microcrystalline cellulose and related polymer composites; tannin-based foam; renewable feedstock vanillin derived polymer and composites; silk biocomposites; bioderived adhesives and matrix polymers; biomass-based formaldehyde-free bioresin; isolation and characterization of water soluble polysaccharide; biobased fillers; keratin-based materials in biotechnology; structure of proteins adsorbed onto bioactive glasses for sustainable composite; effect of filler properties on the antioxidant response of starch composites; composite of chitosan and its derivate; magnetic biochar from discarded agricultural biomass; biodegradable polymers for protein and peptide conjugation; polyurethanes and polyurethane composites from biobased / recycled components.
Download or read book Synthesis of Pistachio Nutshell Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Methyl Orange Dye written by Azzakhirah Md. Rashid and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of the Activated Carbon Industry and Scope for Oil Palm Kernel Shell as a Raw Material written by P. Reupke and published by Hyperion Books. This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the different raw materials, types and applications of activated carbon, plus the processes involved in the production of various carbons. The scope for the use of oil palm kernel shell as a potential feedstock for activation is considered in detail.
Download or read book Equilibrium and Kinetics of Cadmium and Zink Adsorption on Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell written by Muhammad and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of batch laboratory studies were conducted in order to investigate the suitability of palm kernel shell (PKS)-based activated carbon for the removal of cadmium (cadmium ions) and zinc (zinc ions) from their aqueous solutions. Single and binary adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. All batch experiments were carried out at a constant temperature of 30±1oC using an incubator shaker that operated at 150 rpm. A concentration ratio of cadmium and zinc used in the adsorption of binary system is 1:1. Batch equilibrium studies showed that adsorption of cadmium and zinc were highly pH dependent. Uptake of cadmium and zinc increased with pH with maximum removal observed at pH 7.0, and decreased thereafter with further increase in the initial pH. In a single component system, the adsorption capacity of cadmium was higher than zinc, whilst in a binary component system, the adsorption capacity of zinc was higher than cadmium. The single component equilibrium data was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Overall, the Redlich-Peterson isotherm showed the best fit for all adsorption under investigation in terms of correlation coefficient as well as error analysis. For all the systems studied, the analysis of isotherm shape factor showed that the adsorption was favorable. Equilibrium isotherms for the binary adsorption of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) ions onto PKS-base activated carbon have been analyzed by using the ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory, extended Langmuir (EL), modified extended Langmuir (MEL), modified extended Freundlich (MEF) and modified extended Redlich-Peterson (MERP) models. The binary isotherm data could be described reasonably well by the modified extended Langmuir model. The kinetics of single and binary systems describing the sorption of cadmium and zinc have been investigated. The rate models evaluated include the pseudo first order, the pseudo-second order and the intraparticle diffusion models. Kinetic data showed that the adsorption rates were a function of initial adsorbate concentration. For both single and binary systems, the pseudo-second order model correlate excellently the experimental data, suggesting that chemisorption processes could be the rate-limiting step.
Download or read book Kinetic Study of Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell for Copper Removal written by Nur Hidayu Binti Misran and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of alternative activated carbon has been resolved to replace the costly activated carbon to remove unwanted heavy metals from contaminated water at low cost. Heavy metals are very toxicity and can harm human body. The environmental pollution became increase due to the discharge of wastewater including heavy metals and toxic nature of copper affects water resources. In this study, activated carbon produced locally from palm kernel shell was examined for the copper removal from aqueous solution by using adsorption process. Palm kernel shell not just available to get but inexpensive material that have ash content, fixed carbon, high carbon and low inorganic content. Adsorption studies conducted in completely to shown the ability of the produced activated carbon to remove copper from aqueous solutions in certain range of pH. The investigation was carried out by studying the influence of pH (1-5), adsorbent dosage (0.3-1.5 g) and initial concentration (150-350 mg/L). The result of the study shown that activated carbon from palm kernel shell with large surface area has high percentage capacity of copper removal compared to small surface area. From the result showed that the optimum parameters for maximum removal efficiency were follows as adsorbent dose (1.5 g), pH (5) and initial concentration (150 mg/L). Based on the batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fits better for the present case. While adsorption kinetic indicated that pseudo second order model is the best for the present case.
Download or read book Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell as an Adsorbent of Paraquat written by Mohosina Bintay Shahjahan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly Efficient Activated Carbon (HEAC) as an adsorbent of toxins has been successfully produced from palm shell through chemical activation process using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. Palm Kernel shell used as the main raw material for activated carbon production, was purchased from a local oil palm mill in Pahang, Malaysia. Temperature range 550 oC - 650 oC was used during the activation process. The effect of temperature variation on the pore size and surface morphology of the activated carbon were studied. Well developed pore size and low number of functional groups observed on activated carbon at 600 oC were determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier- Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface area and pore volume were determined by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method using N2 gas adsorption. The highest surface area (1287 m2g-1) and pore volume (0.74 cm3 g-1) was observed with sample HEAC-2. The adsorption efficiency of HEAC-2 was studied in vitro for paraquat as toxin using distilled water and NaCl (0.9%) solution. These study shows paraquat was adsorbed more on HEAC-2 in the presence of sodium chloride solution (4.68 mgL-1) than in distilled water (3.62 mgL-1). Furthermore, a comparision was done between HEAC-2 (4.68 mgL-1) and commercially available activated carbon (4.18mg L-1) which proved HEAC-2 is more effective than commercially available activated carbon.
Download or read book Adsorption Technology written by Frank L. Slejko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-03-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the non-specialist involved with evaluating adsorption technology for specific applications, Adsorption Technology provides a timely, hands-on source of step-by-step fundamentals required to meet the needs of all types of adsorption situations. Presenting theoretical and practical information adaptable to granular activated carbon as well as synthetic adsorbents, this illustrated, easy-to-use guide offers convenient access to: principles of adsorption theory, isotherms, and the physical basis for mathematical models ... understanding of laboratory experiments needed to screen adsorbents for new applications ... procedures for testing and evaluating adsorbents in pilot plant studies ... methods for developing conceptual flowsheets for subsequent engineering cost estimating ... and more. With this important reference, industrial process, chemical, and environmental engineers and chemists now have a dependable single source to turn to for a solid, working understanding of applied adsorption technology. Moreover, this volume is an ideal text for graduate-level courses in chemical and environmental engineering, as well as continuing education courses and professional seminars. Book jacket.
Download or read book Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-09 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent advances in the wastes recycling technologies to provide low-cost and alternative ways for nanomaterials production. It shows how carbon nanomaterials can be synthesized from different waste sources such as banana fibers, argan (Argania spinosa) seed shells, corn grains, camellia oleifera shell, sugar cane bagasse, oil palm (empty fruit bunches and leaves) and palm kernel shells. Several nanostructured metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4,....) can be synthesized via recycling of spent batteries. The recovered nanomaterials can be applied in many applications including: Energy (supercapacitors, solar cells, etc.) water treatments (heavy metal ions and dyes removal) and other applications. Spent battery and agriculture waste are rich precursors for metals and carbon, respectively. The book also explores the various recycling techniques, agriculture waste recycling, batteries recycling, and different applications of the recycled materials.
Download or read book Biosorption of Heavy Metals written by Bohumil Volesky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-08-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art volume represents the first comprehensively written book which focuses on the new field of biosorption. This fascinating work conveys essential fundamental information and outlines the perspectives of biosorption. It summarizes the metal-sorbing properties of nonliving bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass, plus highlights relevant metal-binding mechanisms. This volume also discusses the aspects of obtaining and processing microbial biomass and metal-chelating chemicals into industrially applicable biosorbent products. Microbiologists, chemists, and engineers with an interest in new technological and scientific horizons will find this reference indispensable.
