Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging for In Vivo Assessment of Intervertebral Disc Hydration in Animal Models of Spinal Degenerative Disease written by Matthew A. Budzinski and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Image Registration and Statistical Analysis for Quantiative in Vivo Spin lock Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Intervertebral Disc Response to Compression written by Joey Ann Kimdon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Human Intervertebral Disc with Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Elaine Jannine Chiu and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Small Animal MRI written by Patrick R. Gavin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses wegweisende Referenzwerk richtet sich an Veterinäre in Tierkliniken, die die Magnetresonanztomographie bei der Diagnose und Behandlung von Kleintieren einsetzen, und behandelt umfassend das Nervensystem, einschließlich Erkrankungen des Gehirns und der Wirbelsäule wie Entzündungen und Infektionen, Neoplasmien, Venenerkrankungen, angeborene und degenerative Krankheitsbilder. Einzelne Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit orthopädischen Problemen, Erkrankungen des Kopfes und des Nackens (u. a. Nasenhöhle, Ohr) und beschreiben Untersuchungsmethoden von Thorax und Abdomen. Grundlagen zum bildgebenden MRI-Verfahren werden ebenso vermittelt wie die Auswahl der richtigen Geräte.
Download or read book Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats written by James Fingeroth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats defines our present knowledge of this common clinical problem, compiling information related to the canine and feline intervertebral disc into a single resource. As a comprehensive, focused work, the book is an authoritative reference for understanding and treating disc disease, providing a sound scientific and clinical basis for decision making. Offering an objective synthesis of the current literature, the book supplies guidance on the approach to a potential disc rupture, surgical and medical strategies, and management of the patient. Offering a complete understanding of intervertebral disc disease, the book describes and discusses the controversies and issues surrounding this topic, acknowledging the gaps in our knowledge. Advances in Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs and Cats presents up-to-date, reliable information on this common condition for veterinary surgeons, neurologists, and general practitioners.
Download or read book The Intervertebral Disc written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-02 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intervertebral disc is a complex structure that separates opposing vertebrae, permits a wide range of motion, and accommodates high biomechanical forces. Disc degeneration leads to a loss of function and is often associated with excruciating pain. Written by leading scientists and clinicians, the first part of the book provides a review of the basic biology of the disc in health and disease. The second part considers strategies to mitigate the effects of disc degeneration and discusses the possibility of engineering replacement tissues. The final section is devoted to approaches to model normal development and elucidate the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease using animal, organ and cell culture techniques. The book bridges the gap between the basic and clinical sciences; the target audience includes basic scientists, orthopaedists and neurologists, while at the same time appealing to the needs of graduate students, medical students, interns and fellows.
Download or read book Use of Anionic Contrast Agent Magnetic Resonance Imaging ACMRI as a New Technique for Assessing Intervertebral Disc Degeneration written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) depletion is a consistent sign of intervertebral disc degeneration, a cause of lower back pain. Anionic contrast agent MRI (ACMRI) has been able to quantify GAG loss in articular cartilage but it has not yet been tested in the intervertebral disc in a controlled setting. We assessed the feasibility of ACMRI to measure GAG depletion in porcine lumbar intervertebral discs. Three studies were undertaken. In study 1, we performed in-vitro dynamic diffusion MR imaging to assess the best method to ensure contrast agent uptake occurred in the disc. Signal intensity of discs bathed in contrast agent was measured at various points over a 10 hour scan. We determined that isolating the disc from the spine and manually exposing the cartilaginous endplates enhanced diffusion into the central nucleus. This result was used in our subsequent studies. Our second study assessed the ability of ACMRI to indirectly assess GAG concentration in the disc. In-vitro contrast agent uptake in healthy and GAG-degenerated discs was measured by calculating T1 times of disc tissue before and after contrast agent exposure. Using Analysis of Variance, we tested the null hypothesis that the magnitude of T1 after contrast uptake and the change in T1 from before to after contrast uptake (z.T1) was the same in healthy and GAG-depleted discs. The nucleus of degenerated specimens had significantly lower post-contrast T1 times and significantly larger AT1 than healthy discs. There were no significant differences found in the annulus of healthy and degenerated discs. In our final study, we designed a research protocol to correlate axial mechanical properties and ACMRI indices of healthy and GAG-degenerated discs. Loading repeatability tests revealed a one degree of rotational freedom rig, combined with facet joint removal will give reproducible results on repeated tests. Six specimens were tested, and compressive stiffness dropped more in GAG-degenerated discs. ACMRI may be useful in.
Download or read book The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States written by Gunnar Andersson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study measures the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and projects trends, presenting the latest national data illuminating the physical and economic costs. Several professional organizations concerned with musculoskeletal health and the mission of the U.S. Bone and Joint Decade collaborated to tabulate the data, to educate health care professionals, policy makers and the public.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Computer Aided Diagnosis of Intervertebral Disc Pathology in Lumbar Spine written by Raja'. Alomari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lower back pain (LBP) is the second most common neurological ailment in the United States after the headache according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [8]. Americans spend at least $50 billion each year on health care of people with LBP. There are over 11 million Americans who have some sort of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IDD) [8]. Intervertebral disc degeneration (e.g., desiccation and herniation) in the lumbar areais one of the most common diseases that cause LBP and sciatica, a common term for pain in legs consequent to irritation of the sciatic nerve [9, 10]. Neuroradiologists use clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of most of the lumbar area abnormalities and specifically the disc degenerative diseases. Clinical MRI usually comprises sagittal and axial T1- and T2-weighted co-registered protocols beside some other protocols to help the radiologists in decision-making.^They diagnose hundreds of cases each day that range from simple diseases to major life threatening diseases such as tumors. Thus, full or partial automation of the diagnosis process reduces the large burden on them and increases their effectiveness. Besides that, introducing reliable and robust full or partial diagnosis system reduces the inter-observer variability and increases the degree of confidence of the diagnosis. There are two main steps that the neuroradiologists follow during the work flow of diagnosis of lumbar area: 1) Detection and labeling of the discs (and /or the vertebrae), and 2) Diagnosis of each disc (and vertebra) level by specifying all possible abnormalities in thatdisc (and vertebra). The detection and labeling step is required only for one of the sagittal views because all provided protocols (T1- and T2-weighted for sagittal and axial views) are manually co-registered by the technician during the acquisition of the MRI.^However, the neuroradiologists identify all possible abnormalities at each disc level. They also identify vertebral bone disorders if there is a potential vertebral disorder and might recommend Computed Tomography(CT) scan for better visualization of the bone. In diagnosis, there are many pieces of information that the neuroradiologists utilize before making the decision such as age and height of the patient, history and type of pain. They also utilize the relative context of the discs and the vertebrae. In this dissertation, we propose machine learning-based solutions for diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative diseases (IDD). We study clinical MRI from our collaborating neuroradiologists group and use their clinical diagnosis reports as our gold standard of the ground truth for diagnosis of each disc level in the lumbar area. We, initially, perform robust and automatic detection and labeling of the lumbar intervertebral discs from sagittal views.^We develop a probabilistic model for localization of the six discs in sagittal T2-weighted MRI for the lumbar area. In our model, we incorporate two levels of information: low- and high-level. In the low-level, we model the local pixel properties of discs, such as appearance. In the high-level, we capture the object-level geometrical and contextualrelationships between discs. We estimate the model parameters from manually labeled cases (supervised learning). Then we perform machine-learning based analysis at each localized disc for further diagnosis tasks. Our proposed model investigates degenerative abnormalities and allows the flexibility of adding features depending on the abnormality. It also allows incorporation of necessary domain knowledge about the patient to increase robustness, accuracy, and reliability of the diagnosis. We use a Gibbs distribution to model the features we use for detection of each specific disc abnormality as well as domain knowledge incorporation.^Gibbs distribution has been successfullyused in statistical analysis and we find it flexible for incorporation of various pieces of information required for various diagnosis tasks. We study abnormality detection in general as a preprocessing step for focusing only on abnormal discs for further analysis. In this step, we only specify abnormal discs regardless of the type of abnormality. We then study two popular clinical disc degenerative diseases, i.e., disc desiccation and herniation. We incorporate appearance and context of discs in studying disc desiccation because it mainly related to relative signal levels of the discs. In herniation detection, we jointly incorporate shape and appearance information as herniation has major role in shape changes. We report our results with suitable validation metrics depending on the problem we are investigating.
Download or read book Investigation of the Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters and Mechanical Loading of the Intervertebral Disc written by Jie Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back disorder (LBD) is a major socioeconomic problem, and the intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the leading sources of LBD. The health and functions of the IVD are determined by the inherent biomechanical properties and their interaction with both the magnitude and time-distribution of mechanical loading. Understanding such properties and interaction is important for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of LBD. However, the effects of mechanical loading on the IVD is difficult to be detected in-vivo by conventional methods. Recent advances in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques have the potential for early evaluation of the loading induced biomechanical property changes in the IVD. This potential is of particular interest to occupational ergonomists and injury biomechanists, as quantitative MRI parameters may show changes in IVD properties demonstrating detrimental (or beneficial) work or activities that cannot be evaluated using conventional methods. Therefore, the current study conducted an in vitro detailed investigation on the changes in T1[rho], T2 relaxation times and ADC in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD, which may occur due to various occupationally-relevant mechanical loading scenarios. To fulfil this objective, motion segments were harvested from porcine cervical spines to serve as experimental specimens. Also, an MRI imaging protocol of the T1[subscript rho] relaxation time was first developed, then verified using agarose of different concentration. In addition, a closed-loop computer-controlled load-displacement apparatus was designed and built, such that the mechanical loading can be calibrated and then applied in the MRI scanner with the non-magnetic components placed in the bore. According to the result, T1[subscript rho] and T2 relaxation times are sensitive to 60 minutes sustained compressive loading (corresponding to 1500 N compression on human lumbar IVD), which is common for manual material handling (MMH) tasks in an occupational setting and may potentially cause transient degenerative changes to the IVD. Such result indicates that quantitative MRI technique can be an innovative diagnosis method to detect the early degenerative changes of the IVD. Furthermore, receiving tensile loading (corresponding to 300 N traction on human lumbar IVD, simulated using an inversion table) for 15 minutes can partially reverse the transient biomechanical changes induced by the previously experienced compressive loading. And the mitigation effect of tensile loading is superior to decompression (corresponding to 500 N compression on human lumbar IVD, simulating erect standing). This result confirms the potential of tensile loading (using an inversion table) to be an occupational intervention in the work break. After comparing the relative performance of T1[subscript rho], T2 relaxation times and ADC, it is suggested that T1[subscript rho] relaxation time is the most desired MRI parameter in detecting the effects of mechanical loading on the IVD.
Download or read book Intervertebral Disc Regeneration written by Benjamin Gantenbein and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a brief snapshot of recent research on the subject of intervertebral disc degeneration and how this specific organ could be regenerated. It provides stimuli to the reader in representing research from different angles in this cross-disciplinary field of spine surgeons, mechanical engineers and biologists. In particular, it is instructive as to how disc herniations could be successfully induced in vitro and, also, to how novel cell-based therapies using rare autochthonous stem cells could potentially be used in the future.
Download or read book Associations of Myosteatosis with Disc Degeneration a 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Individuals with Impaired Glycaemia written by Thierno Diawo Diallo and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) may be linked to dysregulations of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and fatty alterations of muscle composition (Myosteatosis). Our aim was to evaluate the different associations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based paravertebral myosteatosis with lumbar disc degeneration in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism and normoglycaemic controls. Methods In total, 304 individuals (mean age: 56.3 ± 9.1 years, 53.6% male sex, mean body mass index [BMI]: 27.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2) from a population-based cohort study who underwent 3-Tesla whole-body chemical-shift-encoded (six echo times) and T2-weighted single-shot-fast-spin-echo MRI were included. Lumbar disc degeneration was assessed at motion segments L1 to L5, categorized according to the Pfirrmann score and defined as Pfirrmann grade > 2 and/or disc bulging/herniation on at least one segment. Fat content of the autochthonous back muscles and the quadratus lumborum muscle was quantified as proton density fat fraction (PDFFmuscle). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI and regular physical activity were calculated to evaluate the association between PDFFmuscle and outcome IVDD. Results The overall prevalence of IVDD was 79.6%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence or severity distribution of IVDD between participants with or without impaired glucose metabolism (77.7% vs. 80.7%, P = 0.63 and P = 0.71, respectively). PDFFmuscle was significantly and positively associated with an increased risk for the presence of IVDD in participants with impaired glycaemia when adjusted for age, sex and BMI (PDFFautochthonous back muscles: odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09, 4.3], P = 0.03; PDFFquadratus lumborum: OR 2.01, 95% CI [1.04, 3.85], P = 0.04). After further adjustment for regular physical activity, the results attenuated, albeit approaching statistical significance (PDFFautochthonous back muscles: OR 1.97, 95% CI [0.97, 3.99], P = 0.06; PDFFquadratus lumborum: OR 1.86, 95% CI [0.92, 3.76], P = 0.09). No significant associations were shown in healthy controls (PDFFautochthonous back muscles: OR 0.62, 95% CI [0.34, 1.14], P = 0.13; PDFFquadratus lumborum: OR 1.06, 95% CI [0.6, 1.89], P = 0.83). Conclusions Paravertebral myosteatosis is positively associated with intervertebral disc disease in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism, independent of age, sex and BMI. Regular physical activity may confound these associations. Longitudinal studies will help to better understand the pathophysiological role of skeletal muscle in those with concomitant disturbed glucose haemostasis and intervertebral disc disease, as well as possible underlying causal relationships
Download or read book The Soft Hard Tissue Junction written by Neil D. Broom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richly illustrated throughout with actual tissue images, this innovative book shows that the soft-hard tissue junction is best understood in a biomechanical context. The authors describe their pioneering experimental methods, providing an essential structure-function framework for computational modelling, and thereby encouraging the development of more realistic, predictive models of this important tissue junction. Covering the three main musculoskeletal junctions of cartilage-bone, disc-vertebra, and ligament/tendon-bone, the relevant soft tissues are examined with respect to both their own inherent structure and their mode of integration with the hard tissue. The soft-hard tissue interface is explored with a focus on structural damage resulting from overloading, and its associated pathologies. Adopting a multiscale approach, ranging in structural resolution from the macro to fibril levels, this is a must-have guide to the field and an ideal resource for researchers seeking new and creative approaches for studying the joint and spine tissues.
Download or read book Biological Approaches to Spinal Disc Repair and Regeneration for Clinicians written by Roger Haertl and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Top Experts Share Clinical Insights on Biological Interventions for Spine-Related Disease Although there have been significant advancements in minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques in the last few decades, optimal outcomes for chronic low back pain remain elusive. A number of promising clinical trials have been conducted using tissue engineering and biological interventions for disc degeneration. Written by renowned innovators, this is the first book that covers implementation of these groundbreaking approaches for disc disease. The text begins with key fundamentals including anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, imaging and biomechanics to delineate healthy versus diseased spine. Subsequent sections discuss treatment strategies, research findings, and future developments. Throughout each chapter, renowned spine surgeons and scientists share clinical pearls gleaned from hands-on experience. Key Highlights The current state of the art in biological and tissue engineering procedures for spinal disorders Treatment methodologies including nucleus replacement and repair, annulus fibrosus repair, total disc transplantation, and mechanical total disc replacement Innovative treatment strategies for disc regeneration, such as genes and proteins Growth factors including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which has shown promise for the stimulation and acceleration of bone and soft tissue healing Cell-based therapy for spinal disc regeneration and repair including the use of stem cells and chondrocytes In-depth discussion of research including animal versus human model, in-vitro, and a summary of biologic clinical trials This is a must-have resource for trainee and practicing orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons who treat patients for spine-related conditions. It is essential reading for all clinicians who have an interest in cutting-edge tissue engineering and biological treatment interventions.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anesthesia for Spine Surgery written by Ehab Farag and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to anesthesia specifically for spine surgery, explaining procedures from the point of view of both anesthesiologists and surgeons.
Download or read book Spinal Cord Injury SCI Repair Strategies written by Giuseppe Perale and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Repair Strategies provides researchers the latest information on potential regenerative approaches to spinal cord injury, specifically focusing on therapeutic approaches that target regeneration, including cell therapies, controlled drug delivery systems, and biomaterials. Dr. Giuseppe Perale and Dr. Filippo Rossi lead a team of authoritative authors in academia and industry in this innovative reference on the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This book presents all the information readers need to understand the current and potential array of techniques, materials, applications and their benefits for spinal cord repair. - Covers current and future repair strategies for spinal cord injury repair - Focuses on key research trends, clinics, biology and engineering - Provides fundamentals on regenerative engineering and tissue engineering
