Download or read book Magma genesis in the northern Lau Basin S W Pacific written by A. Sarah Acland and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intra oceanic Subduction Systems written by Robert D. Larter and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2003 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recycling of oceanic plate back into the Earth's interior at subduction zones is one of the key processes in Earth evolution. Volcanic arcs, which form above subduction zones, are the most visible manifestations of plate tectonics, the convection mechanism by which the Earth loses excess heat. They are probably also the main location where new continental crust is formed, the so-called 'subduction factory' About 400f modern subduction zones on Earth are intra-oceanic. These subduction systems are generally simpler than those at continental margins as they commonly have a shorter history of subduction and their magmas are not contaminated by ancient sialic crust. They are therefore the optimum locations for studies of mantle processes and magmatic addition to the crust in subduction zones.
Download or read book Backarc Basins written by Brian Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-05-31 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts in the field offer the first comprehensive review of the tectonics and magmatism of backarc basins, covering their initial rift stage to mature spreading. Complete with numerous illustrations, each of the twelve chapters focuses on a young, active backarc basin of the circum-Pacific-where volcano-tectonic processes are best studied because of their activity. Key themes in this volume include volcano-tectonics setting; cause and location; rift magmas; and hydrothermal activity. Researchers also present models of the dynamic processes occurring in backarc basins.
Download or read book Petrogenesis of Intraplate Lavas from Isolated Volcanoes in the Pacific written by Liyan Tian and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Years of studies show that most of the ocean island basalts (OIB) that comprise the bulk of prominent linear volcanic chains are geochemically different from mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). However, the cause of the geochemical differences between OIB and MORB as well as the origin of geochemical enrichment and heterogeneity in OIB are highly controversial. Volcanic glasses and lavas with OIB-like composition from isolated intraplate volcanoes in the northern Lau Basin in the southwestern Pacific and from abandoned spreading centers in the eastern Pacific were investigated for their petrology and geochemistry to indirectly evaluate the man-tle source and origin of the enriched geochemical signature of OIB that form prominent linear volcanic chains. The study of the OIB-like lavas from isolated intraplate volcanoes in the Pacific suggests that (1) the mantle source of the OIB-like lavas is the compositionally heterogeneous upper mantle; (2) in the northern Lau Basin, the heterogeneity was created by the introduction into a pre-existing Indian Ocean-type suboceanic mantle of subduction components from the Tonga Trench and later by OIB components from the nearby Samoan mantle plume; (3) in the eastern Pacific, the geochemically enriched, OIB-like compositional signature of post-spreading lavas on fossil spreading axes were produced by low degrees of partial melting of the compositionally heterogeneous Pacific suboceanic mantle; and (4) OIB comprising prominent linear volcanic chains could not have been formed through the same mechanism of partial melting of random, enriched heterogeneities in the upper mantle; instead they appear to be coming from distinct, relatively large reservoirs that reside deeper in the mantle.
Download or read book Active Margins and Marginal Basins of the Western Pacific written by Brian Taylor and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1995-01-09 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 88. This volume focuses on the volcanic, fluid, sedimentary, and tectonic processes occurring in the trencharc-backarc systems of the western Pacific—a natural regional focus for studies of these themes. The results of ocean drilling and associated site surveys in the western Pacific have brought fundamental changes to our understanding of volcanism, crustal deformation, fluid circulation, and sedimentation in active margins and marginal basins. Our goal here is to synthesize the results of ocean drilling in a multi-disciplinary manner, including a comparison of the findings from drilling legs having similar themes, and to emphasize the significance of these results to the broader geoscience community.
Download or read book Geological Evolution and Hydrothermal Activity in the Lau and North Fiji Basins Southwest Pacific Ocean written by Ulrich von Stackelberg and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Prospectus written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Northern Lau Basin written by L. M. Parson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Download or read book Road from Geochemistry to Geochemometrics written by Surendra P. Verma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights major problems in the statistical analysis of compositions that have been known for over a century, as well as the corresponding solutions that have been put forward by specialists over the past 30 years. The basic assumptions of normality or multi-normality are pointed out and methods to test and achieve them are also covered. The conventional major and trace element geochemistry and modeling equations are discussed, and are followed by a more sophisticated multidimensional approach to data handling. The book’s main focus is on the use of statistical techniques to facilitate data interpretation. It also highlights the classification (or nomenclature) and tectonic discrimination aspects for both igneous and sedimentary rocks. The book concludes by discussing computer programs that are helping pave the way from geochemistry to geochemometrics. Written by a leading expert in the area of geochemistry, it offers a valuable guide for students and professionals in the area.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Western Pacific and Magma Genesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book British Reports Translations and Theses written by British Library. Document Supply Centre and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography and Index of Geology written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geologisches Jahrbuch written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ophiolites in Earth History written by Yildirim Dilek and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2003 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 32 papers in this volume examine the mode and nature of igneous, metamorphic, tectonic, sedimentological, and biological processes associated with the evolution of oceanic crust in different tectonic settings in Earth history as revealed in various ophiolites and ophiolite belts around the world, and the geodynamic significance of these ophiolites in the evolution of different orogenic systems. Divided into six thematic sections, the book presents a wealth of new data and syntheses from mainly Phanerozoic ophiolites around the world.
Download or read book Characteristics of the Upper Crust and Magma Chambers Along the Spreading Centers of the Lau Back arc Basin written by Allison Maria Jacobs Dingler and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the three major classes of tectonic boundaries, divergent oceanic ridge systems are responsible for the generation and accretion of most oceanic crust. Conversely, subduction zone tectonic boundaries consume the crust. Located west of the Tonga trench, a major subduction zone in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the Lau back-arc basin is a prime environment for studying the interplay between oceanic spreading and active subduction. Within the basin there are two complementary, intermediate-rate spreading systems, the Central Lau Spreading Center (CLSC) and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center/Valu Fa Ridge (ELSC/VFR) that are positioned 170 to 40 km away from the active volcanic arc, respectively. Using multichannel seismic (MCS) methods, we image the upper oceanic crust along the CLSC and ELSC/VFR, and find systematic variations in axial crustal structure along both systems primarily related to the increasing influence of the volcanic arc that make the magmas more silica-rich. While the many of the features of the CLSC are similar to the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise and the intermediate-spreading Juan de Fuca Ridge, the ELSC/VFR's thickening crustal layers that are coincident with decreasing velocities along the system have no known counterpart in the global mid-ocean ridge system. We use the MCS data to determine the properties of the axial magma chamber (AMC) at two end-member segments of the ELSC/VFR and test for other along-axis variations related to volatile enhancement. By exploiting the differences in P- and S-wave velocities when they travel through solids and liquids, we find that the physical state of the AMC at both segments alternates between being nearly pure melt and being a mushy mixture of crystals and melt. The regions of melt compare well with enhanced hydrothermal activity at the seafloor. Unlike the nonstandard upper crustal characteristics of the ELSC/VFR, these results agree with observations of similar correlations along the EPR and JdFR. This dissertation is composed of 5 different chapters. The last chapter, chapter 5, is a study separate from the others in which with we investigate the postseismic surface response to the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, southern California, earthquake using interferometric synthetic aperture radar data. Here we find several centimeters of mostly vertical deformation and a near-field relaxation time of 135 +42 -25 days, comparable to the decay rate of the nearby 1992 Landers earthquake. Chapter 1 provides an overview of oceanic spreading centers and how they differ between mid-ocean ridge environments and back-arc basins. Building on the work of Chapter 1, in the second chapter we use velocity modeling of the upper crustal structure along the axes of the CLSC and ELSC/VFR to investigate structural changes that occur in the crust as the spreading axes near the active volcanic arc. More specifically, Chapter 3 explores the physical state of the AMC and its seismic reflection strength at two end-member segments of the ELSC/VFR. The goal of this chapter is to determine if the subduction zone also influences these properties. Tying everything together, Chapter 4 demonstrates how integrating interdisciplinary datasets into 3-D visualizations enhances scientific analyses and the ability to communicate data and results.
