Download or read book Macrophages in Liver Disease written by Ruchi Bansal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Stellate Cells in Health and Disease written by Chandrashekhar Gandhi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stellate Cells in Health and Disease is a comprehensive reference providing the most up-to-date knowledge and perspectives on the function of stellate cells affecting the liver and other organs. The text presents comprehensive coverage of their already established role in hepatic fibrosis along with the newer emerging evidence for stellate cell participation in the liver cell (hepatocyte) survival and regeneration, hepatic immunobiology, transplant tolerance, and liver cancer. Chapters describe both animal and human research and the relevance of findings from animal research to human pathophysiology, and also contain sections on future directions which will be of special interest to basic and clinical researchers working on liver fibrosis, hepatic biology, and pathobiology. Presents coverage of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis with stellate cells as a target for therapy. Shows stellate cells as a major participant in hepatic immunobiology, including transplantation immunology. Key illustrations show the phenotypical changes in stellate cells in situ and tissue culture, their interactions with other cell types, signaling pathways and demonstrate the functions and roles of stellate cell in pathological processes.

Download or read book Biology of Myelomonocytic Cells written by Anirban Ghosh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myelomonocytes are the multipotent cells in the stage of blood cell differentiation, which mainly comprise blood monocytes, tissue macrophages and subset of dendritic cells. Actually, their position and ability of judgement of the health of tissue or organ environment are the key initiators of tissue-specific immune response in a local and global fashion. Interestingly, the morpho-functional aspects of this group of cells vary to a wide range with their positional diversity. Their ability to communicate or represent the tissue microenvironment to the peripheral immune system and efficiency to engage the system to effector activation hold the key for a successful immune endeavour. The present volume shows some glimpses of such an extensive area of current immunology research.

Download or read book Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease written by Z. Kmiec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Download or read book The Role of Myeloid Derived Cells in the Progression of Liver Disease written by Hannelie Korf and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis due to Infectious Diseases written by M. Victoria Delpino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Macrophage Polarization in Liver Disease written by Jenna Danielle Strickland and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In severe cases of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, acute liver injury rapidly progresses to acute liver failure (ALF), producing life threatening complications including, hepatic encephalopathy and multi-organ failure. Systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) are highest in ALF patients with the poorest prognosis. However, the mechanistic basis for dysregulation of these cytokines, and their association with outcome in ALF remains poorly defined. Standard experimental settings of APAP hepatotoxicity in mice (i.e., 300 mg/kg) do not recapitulate key features of ALF in critically ill patients, including impaired hepatocyte proliferation, kidney injury, evidence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and cytokine dysregulation. Further, in stark contrast to ALF patients, IL-6 and IL-10 limit liver injury, increase hepatocyte proliferation, and reduce mortality under these experimental conditions. Thus, to investigate cytokine dysregulation in true ALF, we used a robust experimental setting of failed liver repair after APAP overdose in which a high dose of APAP is administered. Under these experimental conditions, we detected high serum levels of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-10, and observed increased levels of PD-L1 on macrophages mimicking systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that occurs in critically ill ALF patients. Further, cerebral blood flow was markedly reduced in these mice, recapitulating a key feature of hepatic encephalopathy in ALF patients. Remarkably, neutralization of IL-6 in this setting restored cerebral blood flow, reduced mortality, and normalized levels of IL-10 and PD-L1. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-6 increased levels of Gas6, the primary ligand for the receptor Axl, which our studies revealed is essential for protection of the hepatic sinusoidal vasculature from injury after APAP overdose. In addition, our studies demonstrated that macrophage-mediated clearance of necrotic cells was prevented in mice with ALF, but was restored by neutralization of IL-10. Lastly, our studies identified Kupffer cells (KCs), the resident macrophages of the liver, as a primary source of IL-6, IL-10 and PD-L1 in APAP-induced ALF, and demonstrated further that the transcriptional regulator, NFKBIZ, may be responsible for enhanced IL-6 production in ALF. Collectively, our studies reveal that exaggerated levels of IL-6 are detrimental in APAP-induced ALF in mice, and suggest that therapies aimed at reducing IL-6 levels in patients with APAP-induced ALF may be beneficial. Additionally, as a part of this dissertation, we have developed a high-throughput assay that can detect differentiation of proinflammatory macrophages into pro-repair macrophages for use as a drug screening platform to identify chemicals/drugs that stimulate this process. Drugs identified from this screen could ultimately be used to restore macrophage function and liver repair in patients with both acute and chronic forms of liver failure.

Download or read book Kupffer Cells written by Myriam Aouadi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a complete overview of kupffer cell biology, from isolation to phenotyping. Chapters guide readers through methods and protocols on phenotyping, including RNA sequencing, Mass cytometry and 3D microscopy, as well as gene manipulation in vivo, and disease models from fatty liver disease to cancer. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Kupffer Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful investigation of this growing field.

Download or read book Macrophage Regulation in the Murine Inflammatory Response written by Sherri Moore Shine and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of acute and chronic liver disease is a complex condition involving the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism and the accumulation of critical immune cells; specifically, the recruitment and activation of macrophages. The relationship between lipid accumulation, cytokine expression, and hepatic macrophages remains an area of further study. The purpose of these studies was to assess the role of the macrophage in the context of liver disease. Various mechanistic studies involving genetic mouse models of liver disease including alcoholic (ALD), nonalcoholic (NAFLD) and toxin-induced hepatitis were used to replicate the multiple variables associated with a hepatic immune response. Further, cellular based studies using bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and isolated Kupffer cells (KCs) were used to verify whole animal data in areas of immune cell regulation. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are becoming recognized as key regulators of both the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the effect FABP1 and FABP5 deletion on the early signs of liver injury associated with ethanol exposure in mice were first investigated. These studies demonstrated that FABP1, but not FABP5, regulates hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in the context on ALD. On the other hand, FABP5 is highly expressed in macrophages and may play an important role in the hepatic inflammatory response after endotoxin (LPS) exposure in mice. Specifically, these findings demonstrate that loss of FABP5 promotes a more anti-inflammatory response in the macrophage. Lastly, we focused on the hypothesis that Dicer regulates the development of a unique macrophage population that facilitates the resolution of hepatic fibrosis. We found that loss of Dicer in the macrophage delays hepatic fibrosis repair. In summary, this dissertation discusses the mechanisms of innate immune cell activation and the regulation of macrophage function in relation to acute and chronic liver injury. Further, these studies demonstrate that macrophages are an integral component of the immune system which delicately regulate hepatic metabolism and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes in the context of liver disease.

Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Download or read book Histiocytic Disorders written by Oussama Abla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive and world-class review of the field of histiocytic neoplasms and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). It reviews all the advances in the field of histiocytoses during the last ten years, particularly with regards to the genomic findings in LCH and other histiocytic neoplasms and the new suggested classification of the histiocytic disorders. Additionally, it features a state-of-the art update on the most recent treatment strategies for LCH, including the results of the last LCH-III international trial, salvage therapies such as reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) stem cell transplant (SCT), and targeted therapies with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, as well as the challenging cases of CNS-neurodegenerative LCH and its therapeutic perspectives. For primary and secondary HLH the book updates the most recent genetic and pathophysiological findings, including macrophage-activation syndrome (MAS), and includes a special chapter on HLH in adults. Treatment chapters encompass therapy for newly diagnosed HLH and refractory disease as well as stem-cell transplantation and novel therapies. The text also highlights the most recent advances in the treatment of the uncommon histiocytic disorders, such as Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) and JXG-like conditions, Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), and the very rare malignant histiocytoses. Written by international experts in the field, Histiocytic Disorders is a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, fellows and residents who are interested in or manage histiocytic disorders in children and adults.

Download or read book Myeloid cells in health and liver disease written by Evangelos Triantafyllou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells of the myeloid lineage display diverse roles and functions both in tissue homeostatic conditions and during the development of liver diseases. Hepatic myeloid cells such asKupffer cells exert immune surveillance while maintaining immune tolerance. This helps to prevent excessive immune stimulation upon encounter with gut-derived antigens from food and commensal microbes, or rapidly identifying and eliminating pathogens. Myeloid cells also exhibit a dual role by contributing to both the initiation and progression of liver diseases. During liver inflammation, myeloid cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that promote chemotaxis and tissue damage. Further down the process they can undergo reprogramming into pro-resolving, anti-inflammatory cells. In extremis, these can lead to loss of liver function and development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver myeloid cells can also dictate the progress of hepatic malignancy by either promoting the infiltration and activation or suppressing the activities of effector and/or cytotoxic T cells.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Chronic Liver Diseases Identifying New Therapeutic Targets written by Gianfranco Danilo Alpini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liver Disease in Children written by Frederick J. Suchy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver disease in children is increasing in prevalence, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems and often requiring long-term management. Offering an integrative approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology, this is the definitive reference text for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. In the new edition of this authoritative text, chapters have been thoroughly revised in line with major advances in the field, such as recognizing the increased frequency of fatty liver disease, and how genetic testing has the potential to establish earlier diagnoses for a variety of diseases. Disorders covered include cholestasis, metabolic disorders and hepatitis, with their presentation across the spectrum of infancy, childhood and adolescence discussed. The indications and surgical aspects of liver transplant are explained and post-transplant care is described in detail. This is a valuable resource for pediatricians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists and all clinicians involved in the care of children with liver diseases.

Download or read book Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yujin Hoshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current limitations and unmet needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also provides newly emerging concepts, approaches, and technologies to address challenges. Topics covered include changing landscape of HCC etiologies in association with health disparities, framework of clinical management algorithm, new and experimental modalities of HCC diagnosis and prognostication, multidisciplinary treatment options including rapidly evolving molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies, multi-omics molecular characterization, and clinically relevant experimental models. The book is intended to assist collaboration between the diverse disciplines and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological trend and population-level patient management strategies, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, recent advances in the standard care and novel therapeutic approaches, and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools, by experts and opinion leaders in their respective fields. By thoroughly and concisely covering whole aspects of HCC care, Hepatocellular Carcinoma serves as a valuable reference for multidisciplinary readers, and promotes the development of personalized precision care strategies that lead to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.

Download or read book Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Liver Disease written by Mark Aaron Barnes (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exhibits both cytokine and chemotactic properties and is expressed by many cell types, including hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. Excessive alcohol abuse can lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which has multiple stages of pathogenesis including hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis. During steatohepatitis, several precipitating events, including triglyceride accumulation in the liver, hepatocyte damage and leukocyte infiltration, lead to further pathogenesis of ALD. Hepatic fibrosis is dependent on interactions between hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and leukocytes. Recruitment of monocytes to the liver is a key contributor to hepatic fibrosis. Due to MIF's chemotactic properties, we hypothesized that MIF would be a key contributor to ALD pathogenesis. Female C57BL/6 or MIF-/- mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or pair-fed control diet for 25 days. Expression of MIF messenger RNA was induced after 25 days of ethanol feeding. After chronic ethanol feeding, chemokine expression and monocyte recruitment was increased in wild-type mice, but not MIF-/- mice. In a model of12liver fibrosis, female C57BL/6 or MIF-/- mice were challenged with carbon tetrachloride (CCI4). Expression of mRNA for MIF, as well as plasma MIF content, were increased in female wild-type mice in response to an acute dose of CCI4. a Smooth muscle actin (aSMA) mRNA and protein, indicators of HSC activation, were increased in liver of wild-type after chronic CCI4 challenge. This response was dampened in MIF-/- mice. Despite lower activation of HSC, MIF deficient mice developed similar fibrosis after CCI4 exposure when compared to wild-type mice. Inflammatory scar-associated macrophages (SAMs) were recruited to the liver from the periphery in response to chronic CCI4 in wild-type and MIF-/- mice, but later converted to a restorative SAM phenotype during fibrosis resolution. Fewer inflammatory and restorative monocytes were recruited in MIF-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Fewer restorative macrophages were associated with lower MMP13 enzymatic activity in MIF-deficient mice. Taken together, these data indicate that MIF is an important mediator of chemokine production and leukocyte infiltration in the liver during ethanol feeding. However, during resolution of hepatic fibrosis, MIF is a key mediator for recruiting SAMs, which are critical for extracellular matrix degradation.

Download or read book Hepatotoxicity written by Hyman J. Zimmerman and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury.